The present invention relates generally to methods and systems for managing financial investments and more particularly to managing private equity investments in a manner compliant with Shari'ah law.
Islamic religious law, more particularly Shari'ah, dictates stringent requirements for financial investing.
Numerous efforts have been made to develop financial services compliant with Shari'ah. For example, each individual investment may be scrutinized to determine its compliance with Islamic law. If the investment is not compliant, it is rejected and other compliant investments are identified. Further, numerous structures have been developed whereby investors do not directly own or control their investments.
It would be desirable to develop methods and systems which enable Shari'ah followers to easily make investments while maintaining compliance with religious law.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of facilitating private equity investments in compliance with Shari'ah laws, comprising: receiving a transfer of ownership of a commodity from an investor in exchange for a first contract to repay the value of the commodity plus a target rate of return in accordance with a schedule; exchanging the commodity for a liquid asset; investing the liquid asset in investment fund; receiving a return on investment from the investment fund; and, satisfying the first contract with the investor from the returns of the investment fund.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of facilitating investments in compliance with Shari'ah laws, comprising: receiving a transfer of ownership of a first asset from an investor in exchange for a first contract to repay the value of the first asset plus a target rate of return in accordance with a schedule; exchanging the first asset for a second asset; investing the second asset in an investment fund; receiving a return on investment from the investment fund; and satisfying the first contract with the investor from the returns of the investment fund.
The first asset may comprise a commodity. The second asset may comprise a liquid asset. The step of satisfying the first contract may comprise transferring a liquid asset to the investor.
The invention may further include the step of, where the return on investment from the investment fund exceeds the target rate of return, transferring additional funds to the investor in a manner consistent with Shari'ah law. The step of transferring additional funds to the investor may include the steps of: receiving a transfer of ownership of a third asset from the investor in exchange for a second contract to repay the value of the third asset plus an additional payment to the investor; and satisfying the second contract with the additional funds.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will now be apparent to the reader through a consideration of the Detailed Description of the Invention when read in combination with the drawing Figures in which:
With reference now to
Investor 106 comprises a private investor. Commodities brokers 102 and 104 comprise conventional commodities brokers, and may in one embodiment of the invention comprise a single brokerage. Corporate investor 108 comprises a conventional corporation established in accordance with the laws of a selected state or country, and is a limited partner in investment fund 110. Investment fund 110 comprises a conventional private equity investment fund established, for example, by a financial services provider. Investment fund manager 112 comprises a general partner, and manager, of investment fund 110. Investments 114A, 114N comprise a series of conventional private equity investments, the number and magnitude of which are determined by investment fund manager 112.
With reference now to
Investor 106 then transfers ownership of the commodities, for example through a transfer of a conventional commodity contract, to corporate investor 108, in exchange for a deferred payment contract (step 204). In one embodiment of the present invention, the deferred payment contract comprises an agreement to pay back the principal value of the transferred commodity plus a target rate of return in accordance with an agreed-upon schedule. It will be understood that, in the described embodiment of the invention, the deferred contract includes a target rate of return, with risks such as the risk of receiving less than the targeted rate of return and/or the risk of loss of principal accepted by the investor 106.
Corporate investor 108 sells the commodities transferred to them from investor 106, for example to broker 2, for a second asset, preferably a liquid asset, such as cash (step 206). Corporate investor 108 than transfers the cash realized from the sale of the commodities to investment fund 110 (step 208). It will be understood that corporate investor 108 either has a pre-existing agreement with investment fund 110, or establishes same upon the first investment, whereby the corporate investor is a limited partner in the investment fund. Conventional agreements are established between corporate investor 108 and investment fund 110, in accordance with typical investments in private equity investment funds.
As noted above, investment fund manager 112 is established as a general partner and manager of investment fund 110. The investment fund 110 is managed, by fund manager 112, who in turn initiates and manages a series of private equity investments, indicated at 114A through 114N (step 210). Returns recognized by investment fund 110 are paid to corporate investor 108 in accordance with the pre-established investment agreement (step 212). The returns paid by investment fund 110 to corporate investor 108 are used to satisfy the terms of the deferred-payment contract established with investor 106 (step 214). That is, the principal and target rate of return are paid by corporate investor 108 to Islamic investor 106 in accordance with their pre-established, deferred-payment agreement. It will be understood that, in contrast to the initial transfer of commodities from investor 106 to corporate investor 108, the repayment of the monies paid by the corporate investor to the Islamic investor may be paid in cash, while maintaining compliance with Shari'ah.
As noted above, the contract established between corporate investor 108 and Islamic investor 106 provides for a target rate of return, not a guaranteed rate of return. Thus, if the returns recognized by investment fund 110 are less than the returns targeted in the agreement between the Islamic investor 106 and corporate investor 108, then the lesser amount may be paid by corporate investor 108 to Islamic investor 106.
If a greater return than the targeted rate of return is recognized by investment fund 110, then appropriate arrangements are made to pay that higher return from corporate investor 108 to Islamic investor 106. More particularly, to maintain compliance with Shari'ah laws, a subset of the above process is repeated, whereby i) the Islamic investor 106 purchases an asset such as commodities from broker 1 (step 202), ii) the Islamic investor transfers the commodities to corporate investor 108 in exchange for a deferred payment contract (step 204), and iii) the corporate investor 108 satisfies the deferred payment contract (step 214) in a relatively short period of time and without necessarily investing these last-received funds in investment fund 110. In this manner, the unexpectedly high returns recognized by investment fund 110 can be paid to Islamic investor 106, while maintaining compliance with Shari'ah laws.
While not strictly required by the Shari'ah laws, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, investment fund 110 uses reasonable care to ensure that the investments 114A through 114N are in permissible industries for Shari'ah investors.
It will be appreciated that one or more of the various steps described above may be performed on an appropriately configured computer system. For example, and without limitation, the operations performed by investment fund 110 are typically performed in whole or in part on a computing system.
There are thus provided new and improved methods and systems for enabling followers of Islamic Shari'ah laws to invest. The process is relatively simple for the Islamic investor, requiring only the purchase and transfer of commodities in a conventional manner. The commodities are received by a corporate investor, liquidated, and the liquid assets invested in a fund managed to generate the targeted rate of return. Returns from the investments are transferred back to the Islamic investor from the fund through the corporate investor. The invention has application in the field of financial services.
While the invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments, it is not thus limited. Numerous changes, modifications and improvements within the scope of the invention will now be apparent to the reader.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/626,052 filed Nov. 8, 2004 by Barakat, Nadim M., et al., titled: SHARI'AH COMPLIANT PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTMENT SYSTEM.
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