The invention relates to sheet assemblies and patient identification products, including wristbands, anklebands, identification cards, and labels, and related methods.
Hospitals and other healthcare facilities are acutely aware of problems associated with improper identification and tracking of patients. These concerns extend to carefully and correctly identifying specimens taken from a patient for analysis and carefully matching medicine for administration to a patient. With infants, the concerns also extend to properly matching parents with the correct infant.
Identification bands for the wrist and/or ankle typically are applied to a patient as part of the hospital admission process. The typical identification band is imprinted with the name of the patient and other relevant data, and sometimes is imprinted with a machine readable barcode. The barcode and at least some of the other data on the identification bracelet also may be imprinted on labels that are used periodically through the patient's stay in a healthcare facility. For example, a label can be applied to documentation that goes into a chart that is associated with the patient's care. Labels may be applied to specimen collection tubes and the results of diagnostic tests performed on collected specimens will be routed physically or electronically based on data imprinted on the labels. Doses of medication typically are prepared by medical or pharmacy personnel and may be placed in containers that bear labels with barcodes. The healthcare provider may carry a barcode reader and will scan both the medicine container and the patient's identification band prior to administering a drug to ensure conformance. The patient's identification band also will be checked visually or by machine before performing any medical procedure.
The information printed on a patient's identification band and information printed on labels associated with the patient's identification band typically is stored in the memory of a computer. The patient's identification band and labels associated with the identification band are printed by a printer associated with the computer. The printer may be an inkjet printer, a laser printer or the like. Accordingly, the identification bands should be formed in a manner that will ensure efficient processing through a printer.
Identification bands and other identification material employed in a healthcare facility may be exposed to liquids and may be subjected to physical contact. The printed information must remain readable despite periodic moistening and contact. Accordingly, some identification bands are laminated structures with a clear plastic overlay secured on a substrate that bears the printed indicia. Laminated identification bands may require complex, time consuming manipulation by the healthcare worker.
Some patients remain in a healthcare facility for an extended time, and many of these patients have sensitive skin. For example, prematurely born infants may spend several weeks or months in a healthcare facility while they are being monitored, nourished and treated. A significant portion of this stay could be in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These small babies often are visually indistinguishable from one another and are incapable of identifying themselves. Additionally, infants in a neonatal intensive care unit may have a specified regimen of nourishment and medication requirements based on their own individual fragile conditions. Accordingly, proper identification is essential. However, conventional identification bands are fairly rigid due to the thickness and stiffness of the materials and can easily irritate the skin of a small baby. Skin irritations or abrasions may require treatment and can complicate the extended stay of a premature baby in the neonatal intensive care unit. A similar problem can arise with elderly patients who may be required to stay an extended time in a healthcare facility.
Healthcare facilities also are concerned with security in and around the maternity ward and the neonatal care units. Accordingly, many hospitals require the parents to wear wristbands corresponding to the identification band worn by the baby. These parental wristbands place controls on the number and identity of people to whom the baby will be exposed and address security concerns of the healthcare facility. The parental wristbands desirably are printed automatically from the information stored in the computer and most preferably are printed simultaneously with identification band of the infant. As RFID technology grows and becomes mainstream, the use of this technology within an identification band creates the ability to track location or movement of patients within a facility, as well as enable dynamic collection and storage of other relevant information, increasing security.
In view of the above, it should be appreciated that there is a need for the following: an identification band that can be worn comfortably by a patient for an extended time; an identification band that is well suited for infants, and particularly prematurely born infants, and elderly patients; an identification band that can withstand exposure to moisture and contact without affecting the ability to read, via RF, optical scan, or the like, the information presented thereon; an identification assembly for simultaneously printing several identification tools including at least one wristband or ankleband; and an identification band that can be applied and used easily by healthcare workers. The present invention satisfies these needs.
The invention relates to an identification band suitable for carrying and displaying indicia and suitable for being worn on the wrist or ankle of an infant or other person. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a sheet assembly that includes a face sheet at least partially formed from a woven fabric. The face sheet can have a top surface, and the top surface of the face sheet can have a finish suitable for substantially permanent reception of printed indicia thereon. Also, the face sheet can include at least one cut formed therein that defines at least one identification item. The at least one identification item can be at least one identification band, at least one identification card, or at least one identification label. In addition, the at least one cut can be at least one die cut.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the face sheet has opposite top and back surfaces. The sheet assembly further includes a backing sheet having opposite top and back surface with the back surface of the face sheet opposing the top surface of the backing sheet. The at least one identification item is at least one identification card, and portions of the back surface of the face sheet that correspond to the at least one identification card have an adhesive applied thereto. Portions of the backing sheet include an array of cuts formed therein in substantial registration with the cuts that define the at least one identification card.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the face sheet has opposite top and back surfaces, the at least one identification item is at least one label, and portions of the back surface of the face sheet that correspond to the at least one label have an adhesive applied thereto. Also, the sheet assembly can further include a backing sheet having opposite top and back surfaces, with the back surface of the face sheet opposing the top surface of the backing sheet, and with portions of the top surface of the backing sheet that are in registration with the back surface of the at least one label having a release coating applied thereto.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the woven fabric is polyester or nylon. Also, the woven fabric can have a thickness between approximately 1.0 mil and approximately 6.0 mils. In addition, the at least one identification item can be at least one identification band having an elongated strap. The elongated strap can have a width between approximately 0.75 cm and approximately 2.25 cm.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the face sheet has opposite top and back surfaces. The sheet assembly further includes a backing sheet having opposite top and back surfaces. The back surface of the face sheet opposes the top surface of the backing sheet. The top surface of the backing sheet includes a low tack adhesive applied to at least portions thereof in registration with the elongated strap.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the elongated strap includes opposing ends, and the identification band further includes an identification panel along the elongated strap's opposing ends. Also, the identification panel can include a surface, and the sheet can further include indicia imprinted on the surface of the identification panel. In addition, the identification panel can have a width between approximately 1 cm and approximately 3 cm, and a length between approximately 3 cm and approximately 8 cm.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the identification band further includes a flap that is connected to the identification panel. Also, the face sheet can have opposite top and back surfaces, the back surface of the face sheet can have a pressure sensitive adhesive applied to at least portions corresponding to the identification panel and the flap, and the back surface of the face sheet corresponding to the elongated strap can be free of adhesive.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the elongated strap's opposing ends include opposing first and second ends that are spaced apart along a longitudinal direction. The identification panel is coupled to the second end of the elongated strap. The identification panel extends longitudinally beyond the second end of the elongated strap. The elongated strap has a first length that extends along the longitudinal direction, the identification panel has a second length that extends along the longitudinal direction, and the first length is greater than the second length.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the flap is offset from the identification panel in a direction that is transverse to the longitudinal direction. The elongated strap has a first width that extends along the transverse direction, the identification panel has a second width that extends along the transverse direction, and the first width is less than the second width.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the face sheet has opposite top and back surfaces. The sheet assembly further includes a backing sheet having opposite top and back surfaces. The back surface of the face sheet opposes the top surface of the backing sheet. The top surface of the backing sheet includes a release coating applied to surface areas registered with the identification panel and the flap.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the identification panel and the flap have the same approximate size and approximate shape. The elongated strap and the flap each can extend unitarily from the identification panel. At least one of the flap, the identification panel, and the elongated strap can have at least one rounded corner. Also, the flap can include a surface, and the sheet assembly can further include indicia imprinted on the surface of the flap.
In other, more detailed features of the invention, the sheet assembly further includes a signal generating device that is coupled to the identification panel or the flap. The signal generating device can be an RFID inlay or an RFID label. Also, the face sheet can be configured to be imprinted with indicia, which can include a high-resolution image, a barcode, a 2-D barcode, or a 3-D barcode. In addition, the face sheet can be configured to be thermally printed with indicia.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a sheet assembly including a face sheet at least partially formed from a spun material or a non-woven material, and the face sheet includes at least one cut that defines an identification band. The face sheet can include an array of cuts formed therein that define at least one identification card or at least one label. The spun or non-woven material can be polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or mixtures thereof.
Other features of the invention should become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention, the invention not being limited to any particular preferred embodiment(s) disclosed.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, where:
Unless otherwise indicated, the illustrations in the above figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
A sheet assembly in accordance with the present invention is identified generally by the numeral 10 in
A plurality of identification bands 20 are defined on the face sheet 12 by a corresponding plurality of arrays of die cuts 22. The die cut arrays can be die cut, laser cut or otherwise formed to extend through the face sheet at a plurality of spaced apart locations thereon. The specific dimensions of the die cut arrays can vary depending upon the characteristics of the material from which the face sheet is formed. However, the die cut arrays should be formed to permit separation of the identification bands from the face sheet without excessive manipulation or force and without tearing either the identification bands or adjacent areas of the face sheet. In a preferred embodiment, each die cut is a continuous die cut around the complete perimeter of all bands, cards, or labels. The length of each die cut and the lengths of the ties between die cuts will vary in accordance with the characteristics of the material from which the face sheet is formed.
Each identification band 20 includes a strap 24, an identification panel 26, and a flap 28. The strap has a width of about 1.0 cm and length of about 18 cm to about 24 cm. The identification panel is generally an ellipse or oblong with rounded corners defining a radius of about 0.75 cm to about 1.50 cm. The rounded corners are not likely to irritate skin and minimize the risk of tearing when the identification band is being separated from the remainder of the face sheet 12. The identification panel is sufficiently large to display the required information. A preferred identification panel has a length of about 5.0 cm and a width of about 1.0 cm to about 3.0 cm. The strap extends substantially symmetrically from a narrow end of the identification panel. Referring additionally to
The face sheet 12 of the illustrated embodiment further includes an identification card 32 formed by an array of die cuts 34. The identification card is generally rectangular, but includes a tab extending from one long side thereof.
The face sheet 12 includes a top surface 36 as shown in
The back surface 38 of the face sheet 12 is provided with a thin layer of adhesive 39 applied to substantially all regions of the back surface except for areas of the back surface within portions of the die cut array 22 that define the strap 24 of the identification band 20. The pressure sensitive adhesive has a composition that will remain stable and not flow when subjected to temperatures as high as 300° F. to 400° F. to facilitate printing of the sheet assembly 10 in a laser printer or other high temperature printing apparatus. The adhesive also should not degrade easily when exposed to ultra-violet light. In this regard, exposure to ultra-violet light during normal use of the components of the sheet assembly should not turn the adhesive yellow or cause the adhesive to lose its tackiness. One such adhesive is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,216 to Popat et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in entirety. A preferred adhesive is the P32™ hot melt adhesive which is available from Avery Dennison Corporation. The pressure sensitive adhesive typically will have a thickness in the range of about 0.25 mils to about 2.0 mils.
The backing sheet 14 is substantially rectangular and conforms to the size and shape of the face sheet 12. The backing sheet can be any flexible paper or film. Preferably, however, the backing sheet is a paper sheet with a thickness selected so that the sheet assembly 10 can be processed efficiently through a conventional sheet-fed printer, such as a laser printer or ink jet printer. Currently available printers can process sheets with a thickness of 15 mils or less. A backing sheet with a thickness of 2 mils to 6 mils would provide sufficient support for the sheet assembly while still permitting efficient processing through a conventional printing apparatus. The backing sheet has a top surface 40 as shown in
The backing sheet 14 further includes an array of die cuts 46 that will substantially register with the die cuts 34 that define the identification card 32. Thus, the die cuts 46 on the backing sheet define an identification card support conforming to the size and shape of the identification card.
The back surface 38 of the face sheet 12 can be registered with, and secured to, the top surface 40 of the backing sheet 14 to form the sheet assembly 10. The sheet assembly then can be processed through a printer, such as a laser printer, thermal, or inkjet printer to print patient specific indicia on at least the identification panel 26 of each identification band 20 and on the identification card 32. Patient specific indicia also can be printed on portions of the top surface 36 of the face sheet defining the flap 28.
The identification band 20 is used by flexing the laminating sheet assembly 10 near the identification band to sever either the strap 24 or the identification panel 26 from peripheral regions of the face sheet 12 outside of the die cut array 22. As a result, the face sheet will sever along the die cut array. The identification panel and the flap 28 can be peeled easily from the backing sheet 14 due to the release coating 42 applied to portions of the top surface 40 of the backing sheet registered with the identification panel and the flap. The healthcare worker then continues to pull the identification panel, as shown in
The completely separated identification band 20 (see
The identification band 20 shown in
The identification band 20 is soft and flexible to avoid irritating the skin of a patient, such as a prematurely born infant who may require monitoring, nourishment and treatment for an extended time in the healthcare facility. However, the soft flexible identification band, especially when the identification band includes woven material, exhibits excellent strength and is not likely to tear in response to forces exerted during normal usage. The strap 24 is sufficiently wide to lie in face-to-face engagement with the skin of the patient without twisting. The identification panel 26 is sufficiently large to bear all required indicia. Furthermore, synthetic woven material, if used, of the identification band will retain the printed indicia applied thereto despite exposure to fluid and/or contact.
The sheet assembly 10 shown in
The sheet assembly 50 differs from the sheet assembly 10 by including a plurality of separate identification cards or tags 70, 72 and 76. In this embodiment, the identification card 70 is configured for insertion into a slot-like receptacle on an isolette. The identification cards 72 and 76 are dimensioned and configured for insertion respectively into pockets formed in a binder cover and a binder spine. The binder then can be used to retain records for a particular patient. As in the first embodiment, portions of the backing sheet 54 registered with the identification cards have no release coating and no low-tack adhesive applied thereto. Hence, the face sheet 52 and the backing sheet 54 permanently adhere to one another across the identification cards. Additionally, substantially registered die cut arrays extend through both the face sheet and the backing sheet around the respective peripheries of the identification cards. Thus, each identification cards can be separated from the sheet assembly with the backing sheet secured to the face sheet to provide adequate support for the identification cards.
The sheet assembly 50 also differs from the sheet assembly 10 by providing a plurality of labels 78. The labels are imprinted with identification indicia to identify, for example, the patient and the date. Each label is defined by a continuous array of die cuts 80 with dimensions comparable to the die cut arrays 22 of the first embodiment. Thus, each label can be severed from the remainder of the face sheet 52. Portions of the back surface of the face sheet corresponding to each label have a coating of the pressure sensitive adhesive 39 thereon. Portions of the top surface of the backing sheet 54 registered with the respective label have a release coating applied thereto substantially identical to the release coating registered with the identification panels and flaps 66 and 68. Thus, the labels can be separated from the remainder of the sheet assembly and applied to a substrate, such as a bottle of milk or formula.
An alternate sheet assembly is illustrated in
Referring additionally to
Another embodiment of the identification band 136 is shown in
Referring additionally to
The substrate layer 140 can be made of various materials, for example, a woven material, a non-woven material, or a film. In embodiments where the substrate layer is made of a woven material, the woven material can be, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”), biaxially oriented polypropylene (“BOPP”), a 50 to 100 denier polyester, nylon, or a blend fabric, to which acrylic coatings can be applied to seal the sheet of material, e.g., woven material, and impart properties so the thermal coating layer 144 can be applied to it. The acrylic coatings are sufficiently crosslinked so the substrate layer's material can withstand fifty machine washings and maintain its durability. Examples of woven material, e.g., Worthen PS500W, that can be used in the substrate layer are available from, for example, Worthen Industries of Nashua, N.H.
As previously noted, non-woven material can be included in the substrate layer 140. Examples of the non-woven material can be manufactured from polyester, nylon, vinyl, polyolefin, polypropylene, and many other homopolymer or polymer blends. These non-woven materials can be sealed with crosslinked coatings that enable the non-woven material to bond to the thermal coating layer 144 or other layers (see later discussion), and to maintain the non-woven material's durability. Non-woven materials are available from Worthen Industries, e.g., Worthen TS-1147, Bostik Corp. of Middleton, Mass., and Hutchison Miller Sales Company of New Britain, Pa. Advantageously, there may be cost savings if the substrate layer is made of a non-woven material instead of a woven material, because non-woven materials tend to be less expensive than woven materials.
Examples of film materials that can be used in the substrate layer 140 include, for example, soft polymeric film materials that are available as commodity items from suppliers, for example, 4 Seasons/Granwell Corp. of Huntington, N.Y. offers POLYLITH AND TAIRILYN and Exxon Mobil Corporation of Irving, Tex. offers EXXTRAL, DIGILYTE, LABEL-LYTE, and OPPALYTE.
The thermal coating layer 144 is made of a material that facilitates thermal printing, e.g., direct thermal printing, of thermally-activated images or variable information, e.g., print and barcode information, within the face sheet 12. Thus, the thermal coating layer's material (also referred to as a direct thermally activatable material) is heat activatable. In general, the thermal coating layer is made of a low-solids water, a solvent, or a solventless borne liquid that includes a stoichiometric mixture of dye, sensitizer, and developer components. Example materials from which the thermal coating layer is made of are the following: NuCoat 8957 and 8952, which are provided by NuCoat of Plymouth, Minn. Example waterborne versions of the thermal coating layer material are about 30-50% solids. Example embodiments of the thermal coating layer material can include a leuco dye, a sensitizer, and a developer, which are intermixed and applied as a single coating to the substrate layer material.
Because the chemistry of the thermal coating layer's material typically is vulnerable to attack by alcohols, solvents, water, and/or other contaminants, a protective barrier coat, e.g., the topcoat layer 142, typically is applied over the thermal coating layer 144 to protect it. The topcoat layer is made of a material that is resistant to abrasion and chemical or other environmental contaminants, e.g., organic contaminants, inorganic contaminants, and biological fluids. Accordingly, the topcoat layer is a protective layer that prevents damage to, or contamination of, the thermal coating layer. The topcoat layer can be made of organic water, solvent, or solventless liquid(s), for example, solvent-borne acrylics or silicones, that can be dried or cured to develop its properties. Also, the topcoat layer can be UV curable. Examples of topcoat layer materials include the following: varnishes and other topcoat layer material provided by Acetega of Wesel, Germany, the Flint Group of Plymouth, Mich., and Ashland Inc. of Covington, Ky., for example, Acetega 814HSMW2 and Flint UVF02052. In example embodiments, the topcoat layer is applied with a coatweight in the range between about 5 grams per square meter and about 20 grams per square meter.
In addition to providing resistance to contaminants, the topcoat coating layer 142 also can be print-receptive to ink(s) and other medium. Referring additionally to
An exemplary method for forming a layer of face sheet 12 is illustrated in the flowchart 148 of
Next, at step 160, a topcoat material is provided, which, at step 162, is used to form a topcoat layer 142 adjacent to the thermal coating layer 144. Oftentimes, the topcoat layer is deposited by a process, for example, gravure or reverse gravure processes, or via flexography. At step 164, an additional coating material is provided. At step 166, an additional coating layer 146 is formed from the additional coating material adjacent to the topcoat layer. The method ends at step 168.
Referring additionally to
The material from which the film layer 172 is formed can be a clear polyester or polypropylene film that is thermally activatable. Examples of the film layer material are THERMALLY OVER-LAMINATING FILM (“TOF”), TF-100™ and TF-160™, which are manufactured by International Imaging Materials, Inc. (“IIMAK Inc.”) of Amherst, N.Y. The material from which the film layer is made is soft, and similar in softness to woven material, which can be used in the substrate layer 140.
An exemplary method for forming a layer of face sheet 12 that includes the film layer 172 according to the present invention is illustrated in the flowchart 174 of
In comparison to the embodiments shown in
The print-receptive coating layer 200 can applied via gravure or reverse gravure processes, or flexography processes. The film intermediate layer 202 can be made of, for example, a polypropylene or some other blended polyolefin or multiple film laminations. The thermally-activatable coating layer 194, which is configured to facilitate thermal printing, e.g., direct thermal printing, can be made of, for example, the previously discussed materials that were used in the thermal coating layer 144, which can be applied using gravure or reverse gravure processes, or meyer rod or other coating technologies. Similarly, the barrier coating layer 196 can be applied using gravure or reverse gravure processes, or meyer rod or other coating technologies.
Advantageously, the film layer 172 is coupled to the substrate layer 140 in an orientation so the thermally activatable coating layer 194 and the barrier carrier layer 196 are adjacent to the face sheet adhesive layer 170 and the substrate layer 140, and thus, the rest of the film layer protects the thermally activatable coating layer from exposure. Accordingly, this configuration allows the film intermediate layer 202 to protect the thermally activatable coating layer from water, chemicals, etc. Also, because the thickness of the film layer “TF” is thin, this configuration provides good thermal imaging.
Referring additionally to
Referring additionally to
In additional embodiments, the substrate layer 140 extends beyond the film layer 172. In
Referring additionally to
During use, the present invention includes direct thermally activatable material that can be used in a variety of products/items, including, for example, patient identification wristbands 20, 120, and 136, identification cards 32, 70, 72, and 76, and labels 78 from which the material is converted. The items that include the direct thermally activatable material can also include an RFID component, e.g., an RFID inlay 130 or an RFID label 132. In the example of a patient identification band, only a piece or portion of the face sheet 12, i.e., not an entire sheet of the face sheet, in combination with a corresponding piece or portion of the backing sheet 14 are utilized to form the identification band. The direct thermally activatable materials can be incorporated into a sheet assembly 10 that is configured to be fed through a printer, for example, a direct thermal printer. While the previously discussed embodiment of the direct thermally activatable material is in a sheet format, individuals having skill in the art should understand that the direct thermally activatable material can be included in face sheet that is part of a roll of material 212 or a fan-folded stack of sheets 214 of material (see
Advantageously, embodiments of the present invention result in a soft face sheet 12 that can be used in patient identification bands 20, 120, and 136 thus, providing patients with added comfort in comparison to current patient identification bands that are significantly stiffer, and accordingly, can abrade, chafe, or otherwise adversely affect a patient's skin. Also, the embodiments allow for direct thermal printing while protecting the layer 144 and 194 of the material that is responsible for direct thermal printing from environmental contamination/damage.
While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it is apparent that changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, the laminated sheet assembly 10 can have only one identification band 20, 120, and 136 or more than the three identification bands illustrated herein. Additionally the illustrated identification card 32, 70, 72, and 76 may not be required in all embodiments, or the above-described identification cards can be labels 78. Alternatively labels may or may not be included in the laminated sheet assembly. Labels can be provided for application to files, vials or other structures. For these situations, a release coating can be applied to the top surface 40 of the backing sheet 14 at locations registered with the labels. The labels can be defined by die cut arrays 80 and can have adhesive coating 39 applied to the rear surface of the face sheet. Thus, labels can be peeled from the backing sheet and separated from one another and from remaining portions of the face sheet for application to appropriate supports.
The embodiments described and illustrated above are intended primarily for use with infants. The invention, however, is particularly well suited for geriatric and other adult applications. In these situations, the identification band may be longer and wider. Still further, the identification panel 26 and 126 and the flap 28 and 128 may be formed separately from the strap 24 and 124 and may function effectively as a fabric clasp for holding opposed portions of the strap in face-to-face relationship to one another. This is particularly well suited for embodiments of the identification band mounted in the form of a flag.
In other embodiments, the face sheet 12 is configured to facilitate inkjet printing. In these inkjet printing embodiments, the thermal coating layer 144 (e.g., see
This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/877,894, filed on Sep. 8, 2010, entitled “Face Sheet, Identification Band, and Related Methods,” by Andre M. Saint, Stanley J. Serwon, Rosalyn R. Ben-Chitrit, Anne M. Dehlinger, and William Becker, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/111,539, filed on Apr. 21, 2005, entitled “Patient Identification Products,” by Andre M. Saint, Stanley J. Serwon, Rosalyn R. Ben-Chitrit, and Anne Runfola. Both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/877,894 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/111,539 are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Accordingly, priority is claimed under 37 C.F.R. §120 to both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/877,894 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/111,539.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12877894 | Sep 2010 | US |
Child | 13401784 | US | |
Parent | 11111539 | Apr 2005 | US |
Child | 12877894 | US |