1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a sheet conveying apparatus which conveys a sheet within a sheet conveying path.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the related art, an image forming apparatus of an electrophotographic system, such as a printer, a copying machine, or a facsimile is configured so as to form an image on double sides of a sheet by forming the image one side of the sheet with an image forming portion, reversing the sheet with a reverse portion, and conveying once again the reversed sheet to the image forming portion.
In such an apparatus, a switching member, in which a flapper-shaped member is swingingly configured, is provided to make a switching such that the sheet is conveyed to a discharge conveying path, which discharges the sheet into the outside of the apparatus, or a reverse conveying path, which is provided with the reverse portion. A solenoid is used as a switching unit which switches the switching member to receive instruction from a controller within an image forming apparatus body, and thus the conveying path is selectively switched.
Generally, when a preceding sheet is conveyed to the discharge conveying path side and a succeeding sheet is conveyed to the reverse conveying path side, after a trailing end of the preceding sheet passes through the switching member, the switching member starts a switching operation of the conveying path as the solenoid operates by receiving the instruction from the controller. Then, the switching operation of the conveying path is completed while a leading end of the succeeding sheet reaches the switching member.
However, a speeding-up of the image forming apparatus has been advanced in recent years, and the speeding-up is achieved by shortening an interval between sheets to be conveyed continuously. Meanwhile, the conventional switching operation of the switching member has a certain amount of variation due to a response delay of the solenoid. When the interval between the sheets to be conveyed continuously is gradually shortened, there is a possibility that the interval is not in time between the start and completion of the operation of the switching member due to the variation. In the worst case, the leading end of the succeeding sheet reaches the switching member before the switching operation of the switching member is completed, and thus a jam may occur or the sheet may be damaged.
In order to solve these problems, a following configuration is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-106409. That is, the solenoid is in ON before the trailing end of the preceding sheet passes through a double-side switching member, and a semi-closed position state is provided to convey while interposing the preceding sheet with the double-side switching member and a conveying guide. Then, when the trailing end of the preceding sheet passes through the double-side switching member, the double-side switching member of the semi-closed position state becomes a completely-closed position.
Thereby, even when the interval between the sheets is short, a conveying path switching operation can be performed. Further, a slip does not occur in such a manner that a conveying force of a reverse roller which reverses the preceding sheet at a downstream side of the double-side switching member is sufficiently larger than a conveying resistance due to an abutting pressure between the double-side switching member and the conveying guide.
In addition, a configuration, which switches the switching member to select three conveying paths, has been proposed Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-286627.
As described above, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-106409, even when the sheet is interposed between the switching member and the conveying member, the slip does not occur in such a manner that the conveying force of the conveying roller which conveys at the downstream side is sufficiently larger than the conveying resistance due to the abutting pressure between the switching member and the conveying guide. However, as the conveying force increases, a size of a motor becomes larger, resulting in increasing the cost. In addition, a roller having a small conveying force, for example, a roller that conveys without a nip, such as a comb-tooth discharge roller is not disposed just behind the switching member.
In addition, due to high image quality in recent years, when the sheet is interposed with the switching member and the guide at a state in which the sheet temperature immediately after fixing is high and a fixed image surface and a conveying rib come in contact with each other, there is a conspicuous problem in that unevenness density of the image between a contact surface and a non-contact surface with the conveying rib is caused.
In addition, since the configuration disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-286627 is complicated, a space is required and a manufacturing cost is expensive.
The invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. The invention is desirable to provide an apparatus that conveys a sheet with a simple and inexpensive configuration to cope with a case in which an interval between sheets to be conveyed continuously is short.
According to the invention, a sheet conveying apparatus which conveys a sheet includes: a sheet conveying apparatus which conveys a sheet, comprising: a sheet conveying path which diverges into a first conveying path and a second conveying path at a diverging point; a guide member which is movable between a first position where the guide member guides the sheet to the first conveying path and a second position where the guide member guides the sheet to the second conveying path; a driving portion which is configured to move the guide member to the second position from the first position; and a holding portion which, in a case that the guide member is driven by the driving portion to move to the second position from the first position, provides a load to the driving by the driving portion and holds the guide member at a third position between the first position and the second position.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, an embodiment in which an electrophotographic printer is applied as an example of a sheet discharge apparatus and an image forming apparatus provided with the sheet discharge apparatus according to the invention is specifically described. Unless otherwise specified, scope of the invention should not be construed restrictively in terms of dimensions, materials, and shapes of components, and relative arrangement thereof, which are described in these embodiments.
An image forming apparatus 1 is provided with four drum-shaped image bearing members which are juxtaposedly arranged in a substantially horizontal direction as an image bearing member, that is, photosensitive drums 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d). The photosensitive drum 2 is rotationally driven in a clockwise direction in
In addition, a charging device 3 (3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d) is provided to uniformly charge a surface of the photosensitive drum 2. Moreover, a scanner unit 4 (4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d) is provided to form an electrostatic latent image on each photosensitive drum 2 by irradiation of a laser beam based on image information.
In addition, a developing device 5 (5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d) is provided to develop the electrostatic latent image as a toner image by attaching a toner including a developer to the electrostatic latent image. Further, a cleaning device 6 (6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d) is provided to remove a transfer residual toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 after a transfer.
The photosensitive drum 2, the charging device 3, the developing device 5, and the cleaning device 6 is integrated as a cartridge unit to form an image of different colors (yellow, cyan, magenta, and black colors) by a electrophotographic recording system, respectively.
A primary transfer roller 7 (7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d) is abutted on the photosensitive drum 2 through an intermediate transfer belt 8, and the toner image on the photosensitive drum 2 is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 8. The intermediate transfer belt 8 is tensioned between a driving roller 9 and a tension roller 10 to rotate in counterclockwise direction by driving of the driving roller 9. A secondary transfer roller 11, which is provided at a position opposite to the driving roller 9 through the intermediate transfer belt 8, transfers the tonner image transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 8 to a sheet S. In addition, an intermediate transfer belt cleaning device 12 is provided at a position opposite to the tension roller 10 through the intermediate transfer belt 8 to remove and recover the transfer residual toner remaining on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 8.
In order to feed and convey the sheet S, a sheet cassette 13, a multi-tray 17, and a pair of resister rollers 20 are provided to convey the sheet along a sheet conveying path 200. The sheet cassette 13 is provided at the lowermost portion of the image forming apparatus 1, and the multi-tray 17 is provided at a lower right of the apparatus to correct a skew feeding of the sheet S.
A fixing portion 21 fixes the toner image, which is formed on the sheet S through the intermediate transfer belt 8, by the image forming portion of each color.
A diverging point B is provided on the sheet conveying path 200, and a discharge conveying path 23 (first conveying path) and a reverse conveying path 26 (second conveying path) are provided to diverge into a downstream side in a conveying direction of the sheet S from this diverging point.
A double-side switching member 22 is a flapper-shaped member which is swingingly configured and is provided in the vicinity of the diverging point B. The double-side switching member 22 is waiting at a first position X which guides the sheet S to the discharge conveying path 23 during a normal state. In order to form the toner image on a second side of the sheet S, then, when a solenoid 50 to be described later is turned ON, the double-side switching member 22 is switched to a second position Y indicated by a dotted line portion of
A pair of discharge rollers 24 is a roller that discharges the sheet S to a discharge tray 25 acting as a sheet stacking portion.
Further, in order to form the toner image on the second side of the sheet S, a pair of reverse rollers 27, which switches back the sheet S, and a pair of double-side conveying rollers 28, 29, and 30, which again conveys the sheet to the pair of resister rollers 20, are equipped. In addition, a pre-discharge roller (
Next, an operation of forming the image by the image forming apparatus 1 will be schematically described.
The predetermined number of sheets S stacked on the sheet cassette 13 is separated one by one by a feeding roller 14 and a separation roller 15 and is then conveyed to a feeding pull-out roller 16. In addition, the predetermined number of sheets S stacked on the multi-tray 17 is separated one by one by a multi-feeding roller 18 and a multi-separation roller 19 and is then conveyed to the feeding pull-out roller 16.
The sheet S conveyed by the feeding pull-out roller 16 is conveyed to the pair of resister rollers 20 to correct the skew feeding and is then conveyed to an abutting portion between the intermediate transfer belt 8 and the secondary transfer roller 11. The toner image transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 8 from the image forming portion of each color is transferred onto the sheet S from the abutting portion between the intermediate transfer belt 8 and the secondary transfer roller 11 to form a color image, and then the sheet S is conveyed to the fixing portion 21.
The fixing portion 21 includes a fixing sleeve 21a as a heat source and a pressure roller 21b which is pressed against the fixing sleeve 21a to apply pressure to the sheet S, and heat and pressure are applied to the sheet S passing through the fixing portion 21, which is conveyed by the fixing portion 21. The sheet S, on which the toner image of plural colors is fixed, is guided to the double-side switching member 22 situated at the first position X by the fixing portion 21 to be guided to the discharge conveying path 23 side, then, is discharged to the discharge tray 25 through the pair of discharge rollers 24.
In addition, during a double-side printing, the double-side switching member 22 is switched to the second position Y guiding to the reverse conveying path 26 by turning-On the solenoid 50 (
The double-side switching member 22 is switched to the first position X by turning-OFF the solenoid 50 when the trailing end of the sheet S passes through. The pair of reverse rollers 27 is reversed by receiving a signal from a controller (not illustrated) before the trailing end of the sheet S passes through the pair of reverse rollers 27. The sheet S passes through the reverse conveying path 26 by setting the trailing end of the sheet S to the leading position and is then conveyed to the pair of double-side conveying rollers 28. And then, the sheet S is conveyed to the pair of resister rollers 20 by each of the pair of double-side conveying rollers 29 and 30 by joining the conveying path from the sheet cassette 13 and the multi-tray 17.
Then, the image is formed on the second side of the sheet S through the intermediate transfer belt 8 and the secondary transfer roller 11. Then, the second side of the sheet S is fixed in the fixing portion 21, and the sheet S is guided to the discharge conveying path 23 side by the double-side switching member 22 situated at the first position X and is then discharged onto the discharge tray 25 by the pair of discharge rollers 24.
The solenoid 50 is a driving portion, and incorporates one end of a plunger 50a. Moreover, the other end of the plunger 50a is pivotally supported on an arm 51. The arm 51 abuts on a connection plate 52 at a connection plate abutting portion 51b, and the connection plate 52 abuts on an arm portion 22a of the double-side switching member 22 at a switching member abutting portion 52b.
The double-side switching member 22 as a guide member moves from the first position X to the second position Y around a double-side switching member rotating shaft 53. A double-side switching member return spring 54 as a force applying portion to the first position X is configured in such a manner that one end of the arm is fixed to a return spring holding portion 22b of the double-side switching member 22 and the other end is fixed to a return spring holding portion (not illustrated) of the discharge conveying path 23, thereby pressing in a direction in which the double-side switching member 22 rotates toward the first position X. The pressing force of the double-side switching member return spring 54 is greater than a force to rotate toward the second position Y by its own weight of the double-side switching member 22.
A second position abutting portion 55 made of polone having excellent impact absorption is provided at a discharge conveying lower guide 56 constituting the discharge conveying path 23, and a first position abutting portion 57 made of polone is provided in a non-sheet passing area of a reverse conveying guide (not illustrated) constituting the reverse conveying path 26.
Next, an operation when the double-side switching member 22 is switched from the first position X to the second position Y will be described.
First, a current is applied to the solenoid 50 by reception of an ON signal from the controller 71. Then, the plunger 50a is driven to the solenoid 50 side (left side in
On the other hand, when the double-side switching member 22 returns from the second position Y to the first position X, the current application to the solenoid 50 side is stopped by reception of an OFF signal from the controller 71. Then, a force to drive the plunger 50a to the solenoid 50 side is eliminated, and the double-side switching member 22 situated at the second position Y rotates in the counterclockwise direction by the force of the double-side switching member return spring 54. Then, the double-side switching member 22 rotates to the position where the leading end of double-side switching member 22 abuts on the first position abutting portion 57. According to the rotation, the connection plate 52 rotates in the clockwise direction, the arm 51 rotates in the counterclockwise direction, and the plunger 50a operates in a direction away from the solenoid 50, thereby returning to the state of
It is assumed that the description of the operation from the first position X to the second position Y of the above-described double-side switching member 22 is the same as that of the schematic operation of the double-side switching member 22. In fact, as will be described below, the double-side switching member 22 moves through a third position Z.
A switching operation of the double-side switching member 22 from the first position X to the second position Y and the third position Z will be described below.
As illustrated in
Each of points a, b, and c on the vertical axis of
A preceding sheet Sa proceeds toward the discharge conveying path 23 (
A solid line indicates the driving force caused by the solenoid 50 (
A force f1 on the vertical axis indicates the sum of the driving force and the force by its own weight when a current value “a” is applied to the solenoid 50, and a force f1a indicates the sum of the force when the double-side switching member 22 moves to the third position Z at the current value “a” and the force by its own weight. Furthermore, since the solenoid 50 has the characteristics that the driving force rises when the stroke amount of the plunger 50a and the solenoid 50 is shorter, it satisfies the relation of f1>f1a.
The sum of forces f2 is the sum of the driving force and the force by its own weight when a current value “b” is applied to the solenoid 50 at the third position Z, and the sum of forces f2a is the sum of the driving force and the force by its own weight when the current value “b” is applied to the solenoid 50 at the second position Y. A force r1 is a force by the double-side switching member return spring 54 (
Next, the state in which the preceding sheet Sa and the reversing sheet Sb are conveyed to the conveying path selected by the double-side switching member 22 will be described.
First, a case in which the double-side switching member 22 is rotatably moved from the first position X to the third position Z will be described. As illustrated in
After the elapse of a certain time from the point where the leading end of the preceding sheet Sa passes through a sheet detecting sensor provided at a downstream side in a conveying direction of the fixing portion 21, a voltage is applied such that the current of the current value “a” (
When the current of the current value “a” flows through the solenoid 50, the plunger 50a (
Next, a case in which the double-side switching member 22 is held at the third position Z (
When the double-side switching member 22 is positioned at the third position Z, the plate spring abutting portion 52c (
The force r2 to rotate the double-side switching member 22 in the counterclockwise direction is generated by joining the force r1a to rotate the double-side switching member 22 in the counterclockwise direction at the third position Z by the double-side switching member return spring 54 (
Further, as illustrated in
Next, a case in which the double-side switching member 22 rotates from the third position Z to the second position Y will be described. Until the time S1 (
At the time T2 (
The current value “b” is set such that the resultant force f2 to rotate the double-side switching member 22 in the clockwise direction satisfies the relation of f2>r2. When the relation of f2>r2 is satisfied, the plate spring abutting portion 52c of the connection plate 52, which is held by abutting on the plate spring 58, pushes up the plate spring 58 with a force greater than the pressure that is applied to the plate spring 58 in advance. In this way, the double-side switching member 22 starts to rotate in the clockwise direction.
The double-side switching member 22 is held at the second position Y (
At this time, since the current value “b” is set such that the forces satisfy the relation of f2>r2a, the double-side switching member 22 is held at the second position Y. The leading end of the reversing sheet Sb reaches the tip portion of the double-side switching member 22 at the time S2 of
In this manner, the double-side switching member 22 is switched to the third position Z in advance since the preceding sheet Sa passes through the double-side switching member 22 toward the discharge conveying path 23 side. By this, it is possible to quickly perform the switching up to the second position Y, compared to the operation of switching from the first position X to the second position Y at once. From the above, it is possible to shorten the distance between sheets while maintaining a status in which the preceding sheet Sa is out of contact with the double-side switching member 22.
Next, an operation after the double-side switching member 22 is switched to the second position Y will be described. A current value “c” (
Thereafter, when the sheet detecting sensor (not illustrated), which is provided at the downstream side in the conveying direction of the fixing portion 21, detects the trailing end of the reversing sheet Sb, the OFF signal is received from the controller 71 at the time T4 (
Furthermore, the force to rotate the double-side switching member 22 in the counterclockwise direction by the double-side switching member return spring 54 and the plate spring 58 is illustrated as a vertically standing shape at the third position Z of the graph of
For example, even when the force applied to the double-side switching member 22 is varied from the force f1a to the force F1 (
In the ratio of the current value applied to the solenoid 50, the current value “a” (
In addition, the pressure, which is applied to the plate spring 58 in advance, is 25 g, the force of the plate spring 58 is 35 g when the double-side switching member 22 is positioned at the second position Y, and the pressure of the double-side switching member return spring 54 is 30 g, 35 g, and 45 g at the first position X, the third position Z, and the second position Y, respectively.
When the above-described forces are applied to each configuration, moments applied to the double-side switching member 22 around the double-side switching member rotating shaft 53 are that the force f1 is 280 gf·mm and the force r1 is 175 gf·mm at the first position X to satisfy the relation of f1>r1, and thereby the double-side switching member 22 starts to rotate in the direction of the second position Y.
In addition, when the double-side switching member 22 is held at the third position Z, the force f1a is 290 gf·mm and the force r2 is 350 gf·mm to satisfy the relation of f1a<r2, and thus the double-side switching member 22 is held at the third position Z. When the double-side switching member 22 starts to operate from the third position Z to the second position Y, the force f2 is 460 gf·mm and the force r2 is 350 gf·mm without being changed to satisfy the relation of f2>r2, and thus the double-side switching member 22 starts to rotate. When the double-side switching member 22 abuts on the second position abutting portion 55, the force f2a is 575 gf·mm and the force r2a is 448 gf·mm to satisfy the relation of f2a>r2a, and thus the double-side switching member 22 is held at second position Y.
Further, since the values described above are intended to illustrate one example that implements the first embodiment, values for implementing the first embodiment are not limited to these values.
Incidentally, the first embodiment is configured such that the plate spring 58 is used as a third position holding member, but may be configured such that a constant pressure is applied to other force applying portions such as a compression spring, tension spring, or torsion coil spring in advance.
The above-described embodiment describes an example in which the its own weight of the double-side switching member 22 acts so as to apply a force of the double-side switching member 22 from the first position X to the direction of the second position Y. However, it may be configured such that the double-side switching member 22 acts from the second position Y to the first position X by its own weight. In this case, its own weight acts in a direction to reduce the driving force. Furthermore, in the configuration in which the conveying path is diverged in the horizontal direction and the double-side switching member 22 rotates in a right-and-left direction, its own weight is not loaded on the driving force.
Another embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to
Arrows in
When the voltage is applied and the current flows to/through the solenoid 50, the force to rotate the double-side switching member 22 in the clockwise direction to the arm portion 22a of the double-side switching member 22 through the plunger 50a, the arm 51, and the connection plate 52 is generated. The switching member return compression spring 60 acting as an unequal pitch spring is pressed against the arm portion 22a of the double-side switching member 22 in the direction to rotate the double-side switching member 22 in the counterclockwise direction. Further, the other end of the switching member return compression spring 60 is fixed to the compression spring holding portion 61 provided in the reverse conveying path 26.
The current value and timing for applying the current to the solenoid 50 are the same as those in the first embodiment. In
Next, the relation between the forces to operate the double-side switching member 22 will be described with reference to
When the double-side switching member 22 returns to the first position X, the switching operation thereof is completed by stopping the application of the current to the solenoid 50 and by abutting the double-side switching member 22 on the first position abutting portion 57 (
According to the second embodiment, it is possible to realize the effect, which is obtained by the double-side switching member return spring 54 (
In the second embodiment, the third position Z becomes a position where the force f3a and the force r4 are balanced. Therefore, when variation occurs in the driving force of the solenoid 50, the spring having the non-linear characteristic in which an angle formed with the horizontal axis is large (spring constant is large) in the vicinity of the third position Z is smaller in the positional deviation of the third position Z than the spring having the linear characteristic in which an angle formed with the horizontal axis is small (spring constant is small). In the second embodiment, that is, the spring having the non-linear characteristic, which is configured such that the spring constant of a predetermined region D1 including the third position Z becomes larger than that of another region D2, is used as the switching member return compression spring 60.
In
In the second embodiment, the unequal pitch spring is used as the switching member return compression spring 60, but the spring having the non-linear characteristic, for example, a conical spring and the like may be used.
Next, further another embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to
A switching member abutting portion 62a of a cam-attached connection plate 62 abuts on the arm portion 22a of the double-side switching member 22. A cam 63 (cam-shaped member) is pressed against the cam-attached connection plate 62 side by a cam pressure spring 64. In addition, the cam pressure spring 64 is held by a pressure spring holding portion 65. Further, the cam-attached connection plate 62 and the cam 63 is a state formed by coating grease on a polyacetal resin having small sliding resistance, and the sliding resistance of the cam-attached connection plate 62 and the cam 63 is so small as to be negligible. Arrows in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The current value and timing for applying the current to the solenoid 50 are the same as those in the first embodiment and are performed as illustrated in
A force r6 indicates a force by the double-side switching member return spring 54 at a position immediately before the third position contacting portion 62c of the cam-attached connection plate 62 and the contacting portion 63c of the cam 63 start to come in contact with each other when the double-side switching member 22 is positioned at the first position X, and a force r6a indicates a force indicates a force by the double-side switching member return spring 54 at a position immediately before the third position contacting portion 62c of the cam-attached connection plate 62 and the contacting portion 63c of the cam 63 start to come in contact with each other when the double-side switching member 22 is positioned at the third position Z.
A force r7 indicates a force by the double-side switching member return spring 54 at a position where the second position contacting portion 62d of the cam-attached connection plate 62 and the contacting portion 63b of the cam 63 start to come in contact with each other when the double-side switching member 22 is positioned at the third position Z. A force r7a indicates a force by the double-side switching member return spring 54 when the double-side switching member 22 is positioned at the second position Y.
A force r8 indicates the sum of the force of the double-side switching member return spring 54 and a force to press the cam pressure spring 64 of a state immediately before the contacting portion 63b of the cam 63 and the second position contacting portion 62d of the cam-attached connection plate 62 come in contact with each other at the state in which the contacting portion 63c of the cam 63 and the third position contacting portion 62c of the cam-attached connection plate 62 come in contact with each other.
Next, an operation of the double-side switching member 22 according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to
In the case in which the double-side switching member 22 is positioned at the first position X, when the current value “a” (
Thereafter, as illustrated in
After the cam portion is in the state of
Thereafter, when the current value “b” (
When the double-side switching member 22 returns from the second position Y to the third position Z and the first position X, the current flowing through the solenoid 50 is stopped. And then, the double-side switching member 22 rotates in the counterclockwise direction in a sequential order from
In the third embodiment, when the double-side switching member 22 is operated from the third position Z to the second position Y, it is configured such that the maximum force r8 to rotate the double-side switching member 22 in the counterclockwise direction is generated. Therefore, the third embodiment is configured such that the load is reduced by generating the force r8, which is the peak of the load with respect to the driving force of the solenoid 50.
Thereby, the force to hold the double-side switching member 22 at the second position Y can be reduced. In order to prevent the temperature rise of the solenoid 50, for example, the current flowing through the solenoid 50 is lowered to the current value “c” at the timing (after the elapse of a certain time from the time at which the reversing sheet Sb reaches the tip portion of the double-side switching member 22) of the time T3 illustrated in
In a graph of the dashed-dotted line portion illustrated in
In the third embodiment, the force r8 of the maximum load illustrated in
In the first, second and third embodiments, as described above, when the double-side switching member 22 is switched from the first position X to the second position Y, the double-side switching member 22 is switched to the third position Z in advance. However, the sheet passing through the tip of the double-side switching member 22 is the order of the reversing sheet Sb and the sheet proceeding toward the discharge conveying path 23, and when the interval between the sheets is short, it may be as follows. That is, even when the double-side switching member 22 is switched from the second position Y to the first position X, it may be switched to the first position X after being moved to the third position Z in advance by reducing the current value applied to the solenoid 50, as opposed to suddenly setting the current flowing through the solenoid 50 to zero.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all modifications, equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-271400, filed Dec. 12, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2012-271400 | Dec 2012 | JP | national |