Patent Application
20140091518
The present application claims priority to and incorporates by reference the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-219289 filed in Japan on Oct. 1, 2012.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a sheet conveying device that conveys sheets, and a sheet discharging device using the sheet conveying device and an image forming apparatus using the sheet conveying device or the sheet discharging device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Image forming apparatuses, such as copying machines, printing machines, facsimile machines, and multifunction peripherals having two or more functions of these machines, have a problem that when the apparatus discharges a media sheet (hereinafter, “sheet”), a leading end of the sheet can be drooped and bent, resulting in improper stacking on a sheet output tray. This can occur particularly when the discharged sheet is a thin paper sheet or a large-size paper sheet.
There are conventionally proposed techniques for solving such a problem. In the techniques, when a sheet is discharged, the sheet is bended in its thickness direction to provide rigidity to the sheet.
For instance, in Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2005-263418, there is disclosed a configuration including a rigidity-providing member that lifts up a widthwise center portion of a sheet being discharged. Because rigidity is provided to the sheet by elastically bending the sheet in a manner to lift up the widthwise center portion of the sheet, the sheet can be discharged onto a sheet output tray without being bent at a leading end of the sheet.
In Japanese Patent No. 4889805 or Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2010-6538, there is disclosed a configuration that includes rigidity-providing rollers (or a rigidity-providing ring) that are larger in diameter than conveying rollers. A sheet is provided rigidity by elastically bending the sheet in its thickness direction using the rigidity-providing rollers.
However, such the configurations disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2005-263418, Japanese Patent No. 4889805, and Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2010-6538 have the following disadvantages. When excessive elastic bending is performed on a sheet (in particular, a thick sheet) being conveyed, the sheet can be damaged by indentation left by the elastic bending and/or friction. As a result, image quality can disadvantageously decline.
In light of the circumstance, there is a need to provide a sheet conveying device capable of lessening damage to a recording sheet-like medium (a sheet) such as a paper sheet or the like, and a sheet discharging device using the sheet conveying device and image forming apparatus using the sheet conveying device or the sheet discharging device.
It is an object of the present invention to at least partially solve the problems in the conventional technology.
It is an object of the present invention to at least partially solve the problems in the conventional technology.
According to the present invention, there is provided: a sheet conveying device comprising: a first rotating member including a conveying portion; a second rotating member configured to be arranged facing the first rotating member; and a biasing unit configured to bias the second rotating member toward the first rotating member.
In the sheet conveying device, the first rotating member and the second rotating member pinch a sheet therebetween and convey the pinched sheet in a sheet conveying direction, the second rotating member includes a small-diameter portion configured to face the conveying portion of the first rotating member, and a large-diameter portion configured to be arranged at a position axially displaced from the conveying portion of the first rotating member and having a diameter larger than a diameter of the small-diameter portion, and the second rotating member is configured to be capable of changing to an orientation where a rotating shaft of the second rotating member is tilted relative to a rotating shaft of the first rotating member as viewed in the sheet conveying direction, thereby moving a position of an end portion of the second rotating member on a side of the large-diameter portion away from the rotating shaft of the first rotating member.
The present invention also provides a sheet discharging device comprising: a first rotating member including a conveying portion; a second rotating member configured to be arranged facing the first rotating member; and a biasing unit configured to bias the second rotating member toward the first rotating member.
In the sheet discharging device, the first rotating member and the second rotating member pinch a sheet therebetween and convey the pinched sheet in a sheet conveying direction to discharge the sheet to outside of the sheet discharging device, the second rotating member includes a small-diameter portion configured to face the conveying portion of the first rotating member, and a large-diameter portion configured to be arranged at a position axially displaced from the conveying portion of the first rotating member and having a diameter larger than a diameter of the small-diameter portion, and the second rotating member is configured to be capable of changing to an orientation where a rotating shaft of the second rotating member is tilted relative to a rotating shaft of the first rotating member as viewed in the sheet conveying direction, thereby moving a position of an end portion of the second rotating member on a side of the large-diameter portion away from the rotating shaft of the first rotating member.
The present invention also provides an image forming apparatus including the above-mentioned sheet conveying device.
The present invention also provides an image forming apparatus including the above-mentioned sheet discharging device.
The above and other objects, features, advantages and technical and industrial significance of this invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention, when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.
a) and 6(b) are diagrams illustrating a configuration, in which a retaining member is detachable,
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, elements such as members and components that are identical in function or shape are denoted by a same reference numeral and/or a symbol so long as they are identifiable, and repeated description is omitted.
As illustrated in
Note that only the photosensitive element 2, the electrostatic charging roller 3, the developing device 4, and the cleaning blade 5 of the image forming unit 1Y for forming a yellow image are indicated by reference symbols and numerals in
Referring to
A transfer device 7 serving as a transfer unit that transfers a toner image onto a paper sheet, which is a recording medium, is arranged below the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1BK in
Four primary transfer rollers 11 serving as primary transfer units are arranged at positions respectively facing the four photosensitive elements 2. The primary transfer rollers 11 respectively press an inner peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 8 at the positions. A primary transfer nip is formed at each of contact points between pressed portions of the intermediate transfer belt 8 and the photosensitive elements 2. Each of the primary transfer rollers 11 is connected to a power supply (not shown), from which a predetermined direct-current (DC) voltage and/or an alternating-current (AC) voltage is to be applied to the primary transfer roller 11.
A secondary transfer roller 12 serving as a secondary transfer unit is arranged to face one (the roller 9 in the configuration illustrated in
A belt cleaning device 13 that cleans the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 8 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 8 at a position near a right end of the belt 8 in
Arranged in a lower portion of the apparatus main body 100 in
A pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 for discharging the recording medium to the outside is arranged in an upper portion of the apparatus main body 100 in
Arranged in the apparatus main body 100 is a conveying path R1 for conveying the sheet P from the sheet feed tray 15 through the secondary transfer nip to the sheet output tray 18. A pair of registration rollers 19 is arranged on the conveying path R1 at a position upstream of the secondary transfer roller 12 in a sheet conveying direction. The registration rollers 19 serve as timing rollers that convey the sheet to the secondary transfer nip at timing appropriate for conveyance. A fixing device 20 for fixing an image that has been transferred onto the sheet but is not fixed yet is arranged at a position downstream of the secondary transfer roller 12 in the sheet conveying direction.
The printer of the one embodiment includes a reversing conveyance mechanism that turns upside down and conveys a sheet to print an image on a back surface of the sheet. More specifically, the printer includes a pair of reverse rollers 21 that conveys the sheet backward, a reverse path R2 for conveying the sheet conveyed backward to an upstream side of the registration rollers 19, and a plurality of pairs of conveying rollers 23 and 24 that conveys the sheet on the reverse path R2. In the illustrated example, one of the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 functions also as the reverse roller 21. A path switch claw 22 is arranged downstream of the fixing device 20. Path selection can be made between a path for delivering a sheet to between the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 and a path for delivering the sheet to between the pair of reverse rollers 21 by swinging the path switch claw 22.
Basic operations of the printer according to the one embodiment are described below with reference to
When an image forming operation is started, each of the photosensitive elements 2 of the image forming units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1BK is rotated clockwise in
When the image forming operation is started, the intermediate transfer belt 8 starts rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow in
Thereafter, when the toner images of the respective colors on the photosensitive elements 2 are brought to the corresponding primary transfer nips by rotations of the photosensitive elements 2, the toner images on the photosensitive elements 2 are sequentially transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 8 and overlaid on one another by the transfer electric fields formed in the primary transfer nips. Thus, a full-color toner image are carried on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 8. Toner that is not transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 8 and left on the photosensitive elements 2 is removed by the cleaning blades 5. Subsequently, electrostatic dischargers (not shown) neutralize the surfaces of the photosensitive elements 2, thereby resetting the surface potential for next image formation.
The sheet feeding roller 16 starts rotating to deliver the sheet P from the sheet feed tray 15 to the conveying path R1. The paper P delivered onto the conveying path R1 is conveyed by the pair of registration rollers 19 at adjusted timing to the secondary transfer nip. Meanwhile, a transfer electric field has been formed in the secondary transfer nip by applying to the secondary transfer roller 12 a transfer voltage that is opposite in polarity to the charged toner of the toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 8.
Thereafter, when the toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 8 are brought to the secondary transfer nip by rotation of the intermediate transfer belt 8, the toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 8 are transferred onto the paper P at a time by the transfer electric field formed in the secondary transfer nip.
Thereafter, the paper P is conveyed to the fixing device 20. The fixing device 20 fixes the toner image on the sheet P onto the sheet P. The sheet P is then discharged to the outside of the apparatus by the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 and stacked on the sheet output tray 18.
When an image is to be printed on the back surface of the sheet, a solenoid (not shown) is energized to swing the path switch claw 22 as indicated in
Although the image forming operation for forming a full-color image on a sheet has been described above, a mono-color image can also be formed by using any one of the four image forming units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1BK. A two-color or a three-color image can be formed by using two or three of the image forming units.
As illustrated in
The driving roller 31 is configured to be rotated by a driving source (not shown). The driven roller 32 is biased by a biasing unit 33, such as a compression spring, toward and into contact with the driving roller 31. Accordingly, when the driving roller 31 is driven to rotate, the driven roller 32 that is in contact with the driving roller 31 is rotated by rotation of the driving roller 31.
Each of the driving rollers 31 includes a rotating shaft 31a, which is common among the driving rollers 31, and a roller portion 31b attached to the rotating shaft 31a and serving as a conveying portion.
Each of the driven rollers 32 includes a rotating shaft 32a, which is provided for each of the driven rollers 32, and a roller portion 32b attached to the rotating shaft 32a and serving as a conveying portion. Each of the rotating shafts 32a of the driven rollers 32 is laid parallel to the rotating shaft 31a of the driving rollers 31. Each of the roller portions 32b includes a small-diameter portion 34 that faces one of the roller portions 31b of the driving roller 31 and a large-diameter portion 35 that is larger in diameter than the small-diameter portion 34. Each of the large-diameter portions 35 is arranged at a position axially outside of the small-diameter portion 34 and axially displaced from the roller portion 31b of the driving roller 31.
When a sheet is fed to (a nip) between the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 configured as described above, as illustrated in
In the one embodiment, a sheet is elastically bent in such a manner that a widthwise center portion of the sheet protrudes downward. Alternatively, the sheet can be discharged as being elastically bent in such a manner that the widthwise center portion of the sheet protrudes upward by vertically inverting the arrangement of the driving rollers 31 and the driven rollers 32. It should be noted that elastically bending the sheet so as to protrude downward makes the sheet more stiffened under its own weight than elastically bending the sheet so as to protrude upward and can provide greater rigidity.
As described above, providing rigidity to a sheet using the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 can increase sheet discharging characteristics and stacking characteristics. However, if a highly-rigid sheet, such as a thick sheet, is discharged by the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 in a similar manner, damage such as indentation caused by the elastic bending and/or friction can be left in the sheet, which can degrade image quality. In light of this circumstance, in the one embodiment, the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 is configured as follows to be capable of adapting to conveyance of a highly-rigid sheet. Note that the term “rigidity” means stiffness of the sheet, or, put another way, resilience of the sheet to maintain its flat shape.
Portions characteristic of the one embodiment are described below.
As illustrated in
More specifically, each of the driven rollers 32 is configured such that both end portions (the end portion on the side of the large-diameter portion 35 and an end portion on the opposite side) of the rotating shaft 32a are configured to be movable toward or away from the rotating shaft 31a of the driving rollers 31 independently of each other. The biasing units 33 that bias the both end portions of the rotating shaft 32a of the driven roller 32 are also configured to bias the end portions independently of each other. This configuration allows the driven roller 32 to tilt relative to the driving roller 31.
Accordingly, as illustrated in
As described above, according to the one embodiment, when a highly-rigid sheet is discharged, the large-diameter portions 35 are pushed by the sheet to retreat away from the driving rollers 31. Accordingly, damage to the sheet caused by the large-diameter portions 35 can be lessened. As a result, indentation left by elastic bending and/or friction is reduced, and quality of an image on the highly-rigid sheet can be maintained favorably.
In the comparative example illustrated in
In the comparative example, when the highly-rigid sheet P2 is fed to between the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17, rigidity of the sheet P2 pushes down the large-diameter portions 35 away from the rotating shaft 31a of the driving rollers 31 as same as in the one embodiment. However, in the comparative example, the two driven rollers 32 are formed integrally into one piece via the shared rotating shaft 32a. Therefore, the driven rollers 32 are pushed down while keeping parallel relation to the rotating shaft 31a of the driving rollers 31.
In the comparative example, as described above, the driven rollers 32 do not tilt relative to the driving rollers 31 in contrast to the one embodiment. Accordingly, the small-diameter portions 34 do not contact the sheet P2 being conveyed, but only the outer peripheries of the large-diameter portions 35 contact the sheet P2. Put another way, in the comparative example, the driven rollers 32 contact the sheet P2 at two points indicated by reference symbol B in
In contrast thereto, in the one embodiment of the present invention, the driven rollers 32 contact a highly-rigid sheet at the four points as described above. The greater the number of contact points with a sheet, the more pressing force applied to the sheet can be dispersed. Therefore, on an assumption that a sum of biasing forces applied by the biasing units 33 of the one embodiment is equal to that of the comparative example, a contact pressure per contact point on a sheet of the one embodiment is smaller than that of the comparative example. Accordingly, the one embodiment can reduce dent, indentation left by friction, and the like in the sheet resulting from contact between the driven rollers 32 and the sheet more effectively than the comparative example. Such a configuration as that of the one embodiment is particularly favorable for an apparatus that performs face-down sheet discharging, or, more specifically, discharging a sheet printed-image-side face down (facing the driven rollers 32). This is because such a configuration can lessen an adverse effect on the image side.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
In the another embodiment, when a sheet P1 is fed to between the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17, the sheet P1 is lifted up by the large-diameter portions 35 of the driven rollers 32; in addition, the sheet P1 is pushed down at portions outside of the lifted-up portions in the width direction by the retaining members 36. As a result, the sheet P1 is discharged in an elastically bent state, in which a portion of the sheet P1 between the large-diameter portions 35 protrudes downward but portions of the sheet P1 between the large-diameter portions 35 and the retaining members 36 protrude upward.
As described above, as compared with the configuration that does not include the retaining members 36, the configuration including the retaining members 36 is widened in area where rigidity can be provided. Accordingly, the configuration can provide sufficient rigidity to even a sheet having a large width size and, therefore, is enhanced in sheet discharging characteristics and stacking characteristics. Referring to
The another embodiment illustrated in
The retaining members 36 may be configured to be detachably mounted onto the rotating shaft 31a of the driving rollers 31. When this configuration is employed, the retaining members 36 can be removed in a situation where it is unnecessary to provide rigidity to, in particular, a sheet having a large width size. As a result, it becomes possible to avoid nonessential risk of degradation in image quality or the like that would otherwise be caused by sliding contact between the retaining members 36 and the sheet.
More specifically, as illustrated in
The configuration may further include, as illustrated in
A plurality of the positioning grooves 31c spaced in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 31a may be provided. This configuration allows changing the position where the retaining member 36 is mounted in the axial direction by fitting the protrusion 36b of the retaining member 36 in selected one of the plurality of positioning grooves 31c.
For instance, in a situation where a sheet having a large surface area is to be discharged, frictional sliding contact between a leading end of the sheet and a preceding sheet having already been stacked can lessen the effect of the elastic bending during discharging. In this case, a trailing end of the sheet can stay near the exit and block the exit, causing paper jam to occur. However, such a paper jam problem as that described above can be solved by increasing rigidity of the sheet by moving the retaining members 36 axially inward from current positions to narrow an area where the elastic bending is applied.
As illustrated in
In the still another embodiment, when the highly-rigid sheet P2 is fed to between the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17, the end portion of each of the driven rollers 32 on the side of the large-diameter portion 35 is pushed down as in the one embodiment. As a result, the end portion of the driven roller 32 on the opposite side is pushed up into contact with the contact element 38. This contact limits further upward motion (approaching the rotating shaft 32a of the driving roller 31) of the pushed-up end portion, and the end portion is stopped at a predetermined position. As a result, in a state where the driven roller 32 is in the orientation tilted relative to the driving roller 31, the outer periphery of the large-diameter portion 35 contacts the sheet P2 being conveyed, but the end portion of the small-diameter portion 34 on the side opposite to the large-diameter portion 35 is kept out of contact with the sheet P2 being conveyed. Accordingly, in the still another embodiment, the driven rollers 32 contact the sheet P2 at two points indicated by reference symbol C in
As described above, in the still another embodiment illustrated in
Because the pressing force is received by each of the contact elements 38, a load torque applied to the pair of sheet discharging rollers 17 from the sheet can be reduced. In theory, the higher the rigidity of a sheet, the greater the load toque of the pair of rollers. For this reason, when a heavy load is applied to a driving motor for conveyance of a highly-rigid sheet, the motor can be stopped due to under torque margin at a worst case. However, if the configuration of the still another embodiment illustrated in
Meanwhile, the greater an outer diameter of a portion where the driven roller 32 contacts the contact element 38, the greater a PV value (a product of a contact pressure P and a rotation speed V), and the more likely to cause wear between the driven roller 32 and the contact element 38. In light of this, in the still another embodiment, the PV value is reduced to reduce wear by causing each of the driven rollers 32 to contact the contact element 38 at the rotating shaft 32a that is still smaller than the small-diameter portion 34 in outer diameter, so that functions can be maintained favorably over a long period of time. Furthermore, this also allows reducing the load torque of the driven rollers 32.
As illustrated in
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above; however, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and, as a matter of course, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. In each of the embodiments described above, the biasing force applied to the end portion of the driven roller 32 on the side of the large-diameter portion 35 and the biasing force applied to the end portion on the opposite side are equal to each other. Alternatively, these biasing forces, a sum of which remain unchanged, may differ from each other. If, in the state where the driven roller 32 is arranged parallel to the driving rollers 31 as illustrated in
The biasing unit 33 that biases the end portion of the driven roller 32 on the side of the large-diameter portion 35 and the biasing unit 33 that biases the end portion on the opposite side may be formed integrally as a single member. More specifically, it is preferable to use such a double torsion spring, which is formed by connecting two torsion coil springs, as that illustrated in
A material of the rotating shafts 32a of the driven rollers 32 may differ from a material of the roller portions 32b (more specifically, the small-diameter portions 34 and the large-diameter portions 35). For instance, by making the roller portions 32b of a material, such as a polyacetal, that exhibits high sliding property against a sheet and making the rotating shafts 32a of a metal material, such as SUM (Steel Use Machineability) or SUS (Steel Use Stainless), that exhibits high rigidity and smoothed surface, noise caused by sliding contact against the contact elements 38 can be reduced.
Although not illustrated in the drawings, the configuration of the still another embodiment illustrated in
Applications of each of the embodiments are not limited to sheet discharging devices but can include sheet conveying devices of various units of image forming apparatuses. Image forming methods employable by image forming apparatuses, to which the embodiments are applied, are not limited to such an electrophotographic method as described above. The embodiments are applicable to apparatuses using other image forming methods, e.g., an inkjet method. The image forming apparatus is not limited to a printer but can be a copying machine, a facsimile machine, or a multifunction peripheral having two or more functions of these machines. The embodiments are also applicable to image reading apparatuses (scanners), automatic document feeders, other sheet conveying devices that convey sheets, and other sheet discharging devices that discharge sheets.
As described above, in an aspect of the embodiments, a second rotating member that includes a large-diameter portion and a small-diameter portion is capable of changing its orientation to an orientation where a rotating shaft of the second rotating member is tilted relative to a rotating shaft of a first rotating member as viewed in a sheet conveying direction, thereby moving the position of an end portion of the second rotating member on the side of the large-diameter portion away from the rotating shaft of the first rotating member. Accordingly, if a force that presses the large-diameter portion applied by rigidity of a sheet passing through between the first rotating member and the second rotating member exceeds a biasing force applied by a biasing unit, the position of the large-diameter portion can be moved away from the first rotating member. Accordingly, damage to the sheet can be lessened.
In another aspect of the embodiments, in the state where the second rotating member is in the orientation where the rotating shaft of the second rotating member is tilted relative to the rotating shaft of the first rotating member, the large-diameter portion and an end portion of the small-diameter portion on the side opposite to the large-diameter contact the sheet being conveyed. This configuration allows dispersing a pressing force applied to the sheet, whereby dent, indentation left by friction, and the like in the sheet are effectively reduced.
In still another aspect of the embodiments, there is provided a contact element that comes into contact with an end portion of the second rotating member on the side opposite to the large-diameter portion in the state, in which the second rotating member is in the orientation where the rotating shaft of the second rotating member is tilted relative to the rotating shaft of the first rotating member. Accordingly, a pressing force applied by the biasing unit can be received by the contact element. As a result, it becomes possible to effectively reduce dent, indentation left by friction, and the like in the sheet by reducing the pressing force applied to the sheet. Furthermore, in this case, a load torque of the second rotating member is also reduced, and therefore favorable conveying characteristics can be maintained.
In the configuration including the contact element, the second rotating member may preferably come into contact with the contact element at a portion of the second rotating member, the portion being smaller in outer diameter than the small-diameter portion. With this configuration, wear caused by sliding contact between the contact element and the second rotating member can be reduced, and therefore functions can be maintained favorably over a long period of time. Furthermore, reducing the load torque of the second rotating member can also be achieved.
In the configuration including the contact element, the second rotating member may preferably come into contact with the contact element at a portion of the second rotating member, the portion being fixed so as not to rotate. With this configuration, wear caused by sliding contact with the contact element can be prevented, and, simultaneously, further reduction in the load torque of the second rotating member can be achieved.
In still another aspect of the embodiments, the biasing force applied to the end portion on the side of the large-diameter portion is greater than the biasing force applied to the end portion on the opposite side. With this configuration, the biasing force from the large-diameter portion toward the first rotating member can be increased. As a result, the large-diameter portion becomes less likely to retreat, and it become possible to provide rigidity even to a sheet having relatively high rigidity.
In still another aspect of the embodiments, conversely, the biasing force applied to the end portion on the opposite side is greater than the biasing force applied to the end portion on the side of the large-diameter portion. With this configuration, the pressing force applied from the large-diameter portion to the sheet can be reduced. As a result, dent and indentation left by friction in the sheet can be further reduced.
In still another aspect of the embodiments, a retaining member is provided at a position axially displaced from the large-diameter portion. The retaining member retains the sheet by contacting the sheet on a side opposite to a side where the large-diameter portion contacts the sheet. This configuration allows providing sufficient rigidity to even a sheet that is large in width size.
The retaining member may preferably be configured to be detachably mounted onto the rotating shaft of the first rotating member, so that the retaining member can be detached in a situation where the retaining member is unnecessary. This configuration allows avoiding nonessential quality-related risk that would otherwise be caused by sliding contact between the retaining member and the sheet.
The position at which the retaining member is mounted may preferably be axially changeable. With this configuration, the retaining member can be arranged at a position suitable for a width size of the sheet.
According to an aspect of the present invention, if a force pressing a large-diameter portion applied by rigidity of a sheet passing through between a first rotating member and a second rotating member exceeds a biasing force applied by a biasing unit, a position of the large-diameter portion can be moved away from the first rotating member. As a result, damage to the sheet can be lessened.
Although the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments for a complete and clear disclosure, the appended claims are not to be thus limited but are to be construed as embodying all modifications and alternative constructions that may occur to one skilled in the art that fairly fall within the basic teaching herein set forth.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-219289 | Oct 2012 | JP | national |
