Patent Grant
10435218
The invention relates generally to ammunition packing trays. In particular, the invention provides stackable sheet metal trays for stowing bullet cartridges in an ammunition box.
Ordnance ammunition is conventionally packaged within trays composed of high density polyethylene (HDPE). Conventional HDPE cradle packaging can ignite from weapons impact, which can cause delayed cook-off reactions of damaged or undamaged rounds in the stowage container. This constitutes a serious hazard to the warfighter.
Conventional ammunition dunnage trays yield disadvantages addressed by various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In particular, exemplary embodiments provide a dunnage tray for holding ammunition cartridges within an ammunition box container having a stowage volume. The tray includes a substantially rectangular template having a horizontal surface bounded by first and second opposing longitudinal edges and opposing lateral edges joined at four corners. Each longitudinal edge includes a first tab bent substantially perpendicular to the surface to form a rib. Each lateral edge includes a second tab bent substantially perpendicular to the surface to form a wall.
In exemplary embodiments, the surface includes a first row of internal cutouts that point towards the first longitudinal edge as a proximal orientation. The surface further includes a second row of internal cutouts that point towards the second longitudinal edge as a distal orientation. The template has longitudinal and lateral edges bent to form the respective ribs and walls fits within the stowage volume as a vertical stack of plural templates.
Each first internal cutout in the first row can cradle a cartridge on the surface along the proximal orientation and can fit the cartridge from an adjacent second row. Each second internal cutout in the second row can cradle the cartridge on the surface along the distal orientation and can fit the cartridge from an adjacent first row. Other various embodiments alternatively provide for external cutouts at the corners along the first longitudinal edge. In additional embodiments, each wall supports an adjacent tray disposed above.
These and various other features and aspects of various exemplary embodiments will be readily understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like or similar numbers are used throughout, and in which:
In the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized, and logical, mechanical, and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
One of the objectives of the exemplary embodiments presented herein includes improvement of the Insensitive Munition and safety properties of ammunition packaging. The exemplary non-flammable dunnage tray mitigates this hazardous risk.
Recent testing of 25 mm (millimeter) caliber high explosive armor piercing ordnance for Insensitive Munitions (IM) evaluation revealed susceptibility of conventional HDPE packing trays used for decades by the United States armed services to catching fire in particular IM impact scenarios. Delayed cook-off reactions of remaining cartridge rounds caused by these burning trays were observed as long as forty-two minutes after the impact that initiated the reaction. This cook-off scenario poses a serious threat to personnel safety, as the cans containing burning trays do not necessarily emit large volumes of smoke and so can appear safe to approach from a distance.
Replacement of the tray material with something nonflammable, less flammable, or containing less potential chemical energy that satisfies other packaging requirements (cost, weight, vibrational, etc.) could eliminate this hazard. Often, as in this case, packaged units of ammunition have already reached their logistical weight limit, so any solution must weigh the same as or less than the conventional HDPE packing material. For the purposes of this disclosure, a specific ammo can, the CNU-405/E packaged with unlinked 25 mm ammunition, is under examination, but the technology has broad applicability across any ammunition or ordnance packaged in trays of this type. Artisans of ordinary skill will recognize that the dimensions and stowage of unlinked ammunition described herein are exemplary and not limiting to other ordnance sizes.
Several materials were investigated that could serve as a replacement to HDPE. These included novel fire resistant or fire retardant plastics such as bishydroxydeoxybenzoin (BHDB), thermoplastics with lower potential energy such as polypropylene, reconstituted fiber-based products such as bagasse, well-characterized fire resistant meta-aramids such as Nomex™, and fireproof minerals such as vermiculite. Each of these was ultimately discarded due to such issues as insufficient Manufacturing Readiness Level, noxious off-gassing from combustion, poor workability and capacity to hold a constant shape, volumetric and weight requirements, vibrational requirements and humidity requirements. Ultimately, aluminum was selected as the candidate material with which to proceed.
To contain the cartridges 160, the sheet 320 includes alternating interior rows of cutouts oriented to the depth direction facing opposite directions. These alternating cutouts point inward 330 and outward 340, each with a flat base and rounded fore-end. To snugly cradle the cartridges 160, the first row includes seven inward cutouts 330, and the second row includes eight outward cutouts 340. The numbers of cutouts 330 and 340 are exemplary for 25 mm ammunition and not limiting.
The templates 310 are composed of sheet metal ˜0.050 inch thick and preferably composed from 5052 aluminum, being more bendable than 6061-T6 aluminum. In the configuration shown, the edge tabs 350 and 360 of each template 310 are bent downward at 90°+(substantially perpendicular) to form a right or acute angle of the folded ribs 380 and walls 390 in relation to the surface 370. As an alternative, the longitudinal edge tabs 350 can be bent upward to provide stiffening, although manufacturing convenience suggests downward orientation as preferable. This produces a rigid shape for the tray 220 that fits snugly within the internal contours of the CNU-405/E ammunition can 130.
The sheet 320 is substantially rectangular in shape with truncated corners 250, and includes longitudinal edge tab 350, lateral edge tab 360. The exemplary tray 220 presents a disposal surface 370 on which the cutouts 330 and 340 are formed. The longitudinal edge tabs 350 are folded downward (in relation to the height direction) to form stiffening ribs 380. Additionally, the lateral edge tabs 360 are similarly folded downward to form stacking walls 390 on opposite sides in relation to the length direction.
In the two-tray stack 420, a pair of layers 150 of trays 220 loaded with cartridges 160 is shown with the lower unit depicted as the filled tray 410, while the upper unit shown with cartridges 160 loaded onto the inward cutouts 330, with the outward cutouts 330 being occupied by the exposed portions 430 of cartridges 160 contained on the lower unit.
The rows of interior cutouts 330 and 340 alternate between seven and eight cartridges 160, such as filling the lower unit with the eight outward cutouts 340 and filing the upper unit with the seven inward cutouts 330. A final row of two cartridges 160 in inward cutouts 330 at the very top of the ammunition can 130 yields the required packing density of one-hundred rounds. The rows of cutouts from adjacent trays 220 fit around the cartridges 160, both immediately below and above the filled tray 410.
In this fashion, the cartridges 160 are permitted to nest together, enabling the required packing density of one-hundred rounds per can 130 (for 25 mm rounds) while utilizing the minimum amount of aluminum (thus saving on weight and cost). Thirteen of these trays 220 stack with rows of cartridges 160 (alternating between eight and seven cartridges per row) in between to achieve the required packing density.
Although as the preferred template material aluminum is combustible, the powder form denotes its preferred ignition mode with ignition temperature of about 730° C. This is above its melting point of 600° C. and well beyond empirical observation temperatures. Replacing the HDPE cradle design with thin aluminum sheet stock can eliminate excess padding material. The exemplary sheet stock has specially shaped cutouts 330 and 340 to support cartridge rounds 160 in a nested pattern of alternating rows with suitable spacing 530, hence reducing both weight and cost. In addition, these cutouts enable internal pressure equalization between trays in the event of sympathetic reaction of a cartridge resulting from impact. This reduces the likelihood of the can's lid being blown off from the propensity of the conventional HDPE tray to behave as a sail in the wind, a potentially lethal hazard observed in testing.
The edge tabs 350 and 360 of the aluminum tray 220 are folded over respectively as ribs 380 and walls 390. These folding structures increase stiffness and enhance durability to produce a more robust and thereby reusable design. This contrasts with the conventional HDPE trays, which are routinely thrown overboard after being unpacking due to cracks and other damage received during handling. In addition, conventional HDPE trays bow substantially when fully loaded, leading to the potential of spilling rounds that the stiffness of the exemplary aluminum trays 220 can inhibit.
Prototype examples of the trays 220 used for testing purposes were cut with a water-jet. The finalized design would be stamped into thin sheets of aluminum. Benefits for this design extend beyond all of the United States armed services (using conventional stowage for unlinked ammunition as well as other ordnance), as allied nations employ the same conventional HDPE packaging trays in their military applications.
This is being proposed to improve munition/ordnance safety while deployed aboard ship and during transport and storage. The exemplary trays 220 do not burn as do conventional HDPE trays, thereby improving safety. Being composed of sheet aluminum and utilizing folded edges, the exemplary configuration 110 is stiffer, stronger and more reusable than the conventional tray arrangement as well at nearly the same mass. By comparison, the weights of the conventional and exemplary trays are 155 grams and 170 grams for 25 mm ammunition. Additionally, the stiffness renders spilling of rounds less likely, mitigating risks from HDPE trays that bow substantially in the center when fully loaded with rounds.
While certain features of the embodiments of the invention have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the embodiments.
Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119, the benefit of priority from provisional application 62/398,476, with a filing date of Sep. 22, 2016, is claimed for this non-provisional application.
The invention described was made in the performance of official duties by one or more employees of the Department of the Navy, and thus, the invention herein may be manufactured, used or licensed by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4501363 | Isbey, Jr. | Feb 1985 | A |
| 5251572 | Frame | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5409560 | Hammer | Apr 1995 | A |
| 20040238398 | Wilson | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20090026157 | Gibert Guasch | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62398476 | Sep 2016 | US |
