Patent Application
20070264532
This invention relates to a sheet product of the type in which print is developed by the direct application of heat to a thermally sensitive material.
In the manufacture of conventional thermal paper, a substrate such as paper is coated over its entire surface with an aqueous dispersion comprising colour formers, colour developers and sensitizers which are initially colourless but which become coloured on exposure to heat. When such a paper is passed under the print head of a thermal printer, the areas which are activated by the heated print elements of the printer form coloured images on the surface of the paper. In an alternative approach, for example as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,283, a thermal ink which can be printed onto paper using conventional printing processes is used, thus eliminating the need to use coating equipment to apply the thermal coating.
Our PCT applications PCT/GB2004/004161 and PCT/GB2004/004149 (filed 29 Sep. 2004) relate to a method of preparing a thermally printable sheet which comprises providing a substrate comprising a base sheet having at least one surface coated with a layer containing a pigment in solid porous particulate form, and, using a printer, printing onto the coated surface of said substrate, a thermal ink which comprises a colour former, a colour developer and a sensitizer, in which the sensitizer comprises dimethyl terephthalate, and in which the ink also comprises at least one pigment; and to a novel ink which may be used in such a process, which comprises a pigment, a colour former, a colour developer and a sensitizer, in which the colour former comprises 3-dibutylamino-6-methyl-7-anilinofluoran; the colour developer comprises bisphenol A; and the sensitizer comprises dimethyl terephthalate.
Sheet products capable of carrying magnetic information as well as conventional printed information are known. WO 01/92961 discloses a sheet material carrying a coating containing cavities in which electrically- and/or magnetically-activatable particles are located. WO 03/102926 describes a magnetically-activatable sheet product comprising a pair of laminated outer sheets at least one of which is provided with a pigment/binder primer coat on its inward facing surface, between which is a magnetic layer comprising magnetically-activatable particles in a binder matrix, the outer sheets having sufficient opacity to mask the appearance of the magnetic layer. WO 03/101744 describes a magnetically-activatable sheet product for use in pressure-sensitive copying paper systems.
It would be desirable to provide a sheet product which is capable of carrying magnetically-readable information as well as being printed using a conventional thermal printer. EP 774 363 describes a particular thermal paper, and states that “To the thermosensitive recording material of the present invention, additional functions can be imparted by applying additional works . . . a magnetic layer is formed on the back surface of the recording material to provide a thermosensitive and magnetic recording material”, while EP 492 628 relates to particular chemical compositions for use in a reversibly thermosensitive coloring composition, and a magnetic layer may be interposed between the support and the reversibly thermosensitive coloring layer. However, neither of these documents provides enabling descriptions as to how to make a sheet which is capable of carrying non-thermal visible print on both sides while also carrying magnetic information and thermal print. Thermal paper is subjected to high temperatures during the development of the visible thermal print. It is well known that high temperatures can lead to corruption of magnetic data (as for example with audio or video tapes left in direct sunshine), and therefore it would be expected that thermal printing, which results in localised temperatures well in excess of 100° C., would interfere with the integrity of any magnetic data stored on the same document.
We have now found a particular system which enables thermal print to be produced on a document also capable of carrying magnetic data.
Accordingly the present invention provides a magnetically-activatable sheet product comprising (i) a pair of laminated outer sheets between which is a magnetic layer comprising magnetically-activatable particles in a binder matrix; (ii) at least one layer applied to the outward facing surface of one of the outer sheets, said layer comprising a pigment and a binder; and (iii) a thermal coating or a thermal ink applied to said layer (ii).
The combination of the layer (ii) (a pre-coat layer) and a thermal coating or a thermal ink applied thereon allows magnetic data to be written to the magnetic layer, and subsequently, the sheet to be processed by passing through a thermal printer, without degradation or corruption of the magnetically stored data. Alternatively, if desired, the sheet may be processed by passing through a thermal printer, and subsequently writing magnetic data to the magnetic layer. Surprisingly, it has been found that, when using a suitable pre-coat layer (ii), passing the sheet pre-written with magnetic data through a conventional thermal printer does not degrade or corrupt that data.
The magnetic layer may be formed as described in WO 03/102926. For example, it may be formed by a coating on the inwardly facing surface of one or both of the outer sheets, or it may be formulated as a laminating adhesive which is applied as or just before the two outer sheets are brought together in a laminating press or similar equipment.
The magnetic layer can be formulated from magnetically-activatable materials, for example chromium dioxide, iron oxide, polycrystalline nickel-cobalt alloys, cobalt-chromium or cobalt-samarium alloys, or barium-ferrite. The binder used can be selected from, for example, a polyvinyl alcohol, a latex, a starch or a proteinaceous binder such as a soy protein derivative. It is preferably a styrene-butadiene or acrylic or other latex. The coatweight applied is typically such that up to about 10 g m−2 of magnetically-activatable material is present, but this can be varied in accordance with the level of magnetic signal required. The magnetic layer can if desired contain an extender such as calcium carbonate, which not only offers cost reduction but also helps to reduce the darkness of the magnetic layer.
Preferably the magnetically-activatable material has a low coercivity, i.e. less than 1000 oersteds, preferably less than 500 oersteds. The use of high coercivity materials leads to a material which is difficult to demagnetise and hence is tolerant of stray magnetic fields in the environment. Such materials are, however, expensive, and also suffer from the technical disadvantage that they require the use of high magnetic fields to write magnetic information. Unlike known systems, the use of the present system is tolerant of stray magnetic fields, which enables the use of low coercivity materials.
A laminating binder or adhesive is normally used to secure the sheets together, sandwiching the magnetic layer, to form the laminate. Such a binder may be, for example, a polyvinyl alcohol, a latex, a starch or a proteinaceous binder such as a soy protein derivative.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one or both outer sheets carry a pigment/binder primer coat on its inward facing surface. This primer coat is typically formulated from conventional coating pigments as used in the paper industry, for example calcium carbonate (particularly precipitated calcium carbonate), kaolin or other clays (particularly calcined clays) and/or, where high opacity is required and justifies the extra cost, titanium dioxide. The binder used can be conventional, for example a latex (particularly a styrene-butadiene or acrylic latex), a starch or starch derivative, a polyvinyl alcohol and/or a soy protein derivative or other proteinaceous material. The primer coatweight is typically in the range of about 5 to 15 g m−2, but this can vary in accordance with the masking effect desired and the weight of the outer sheets used (heavier base papers normally require lower primer coatweights). Where the product contains only one outer sheet bearing an inward-facing primer coat, magnetic data is preferably written to and read from the side of the product carrying the primer coating.
Preferably the product according to the invention is constructed using outer sheets which are sufficiently opaque such that, in the finished product, the appearance of the magnetic layer is masked. The outer sheets are preferably made of paper, although plastic sheet materials which simulate the properties of paper (so-called “synthetic paper”) can alternatively be used. The material used for the outer sheets are preferably such as to provide a satisfactory masking effect and desirability and also a good final product appearance. In such applications as thermal tickets, the outer sheets may be relatively heavy, typically between 60 to 150 g m−2 to make a final ticket between 120 and 300 g m−2. Alternatively, the outer sheets may be of a lightweight base paper (typically about 50 g m−2 or less), so that when laminated, the final product will not be excessively thick or heavy. Base papers, for example lightweight base papers, of the kind conventionally used in thermal paper are of course particularly suitable in this context, since they are of good appearance and combine lightness with strength. Preferably, the outer sheets and especially the outer sheet that will be magnetically read through will have a thickness of 65 microns or less.
In general, an outer sheet will be regarded as having sufficient coverage/opacity to mask the appearance of the magnetic layer if the whiteness of the resulting product, measured on an Elrepho 3000 instrument with the use of UV light enhancement, is within 5 points of the original base sheet on the L scale. Preferably the whiteness approaches that of the original base sheet used to produce the product.
The layer (ii) of the product of the invention is a pigment/binder pre-coat layer which contains one or more pigments and one or more binders. The pigment may for example be a pigment in solid porous particulate form. Such a pigment has a high surface area and a high absorptivity, preferably with a surface area measured at >100 m2/g using the BET method or an ink absorbency of >50 g oil/100 g pigment (as described in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Edition, Volume 17, pages 796-808). Ideally, the materials used are selected to provide added opacity to the finished product, and to prevent absorption of the thermal layer into the base sheet, and materials having a high level of thermal insulation are preferred. The pigment preferably comprises kaolin or another clay, particularly calcined clay, calcium carbonate (particularly in precipitated form, which is porous and of high absorptivity), silica, and/or titanium dioxide. Alternatively or in addition, the coating may comprise a plastic pigment in the form of hollow spheres. Mixtures of any of the pigments described above may be used, and the list above is not exhaustive.
The binder used in layer (ii) can be conventional, for example a latex (particularly a styrene-butadiene or acrylic latex), a starch or starch derivative, a polyvinyl alcohol and/or a soy protein derivative or other proteinaceous material.
The layer (ii) may be applied by direct coating onto the relevant surface to provide a covering over the whole area; alternatively, it may be discretely printed onto a sheet in those positions where it is desired to apply the thermal coating or thermal ink. It may be applied before or after lamination; for example, a thermal coating may be applied just before the application of a thermal layer by multi-coating slide application. Preferably the layer is applied at a coatweight in the range of about 5 to 15 g m−2, but this may vary widely depending upon individual circumstances.
Naturally the layer (iii) is applied after the application of layer (ii); this may be before lamination of the product provided that the lamination process does not use excessive heat, for example to dry the product, or it may be after lamination. Layer (iii) may cover substantially all of layer (ii), or only a part thereof. The sheet product according to the invention may be prepared by applying a conventional thermal coating to the outer sheet bearing the pre-coat layer, using a conventional coater. It is however preferably prepared by printing a thermal ink onto the pre-coated surface, using a printer. The ink can be printed onto only those parts of the pre-coated surface where thermal activity is required, which is cheaper and easier than the provision of a coating layer over the whole surface using a coater. A further advantage of such a thermal ink system is that, if desired, conventional non-thermal ink may be printed onto the surface either at the same time as printing the thermal ink, or at another time, to provide high-quality visible information on the surface.
Thermal coatings and thermal inks comprise a colour former, a colour developer and a sensitiser. Any suitable colour former and colour developer may be used in the thermal ink or coating used in the present invention. Suitable colour formers include, for example, diaryl methanes including 4,4-bis(dimethylaminobenzyhdroxybenzyl)ether, N-halophenyl, leuco auramine, and N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl leuco auramine; fluorans including 2-dibenzylamino-6-diethylaminofluoran, 2-anilino-6-diethylaminofluoran, 3-methyl-2-anilino-6-diethylaminofluoran, 2-anilino-3-methyl-6-(ethyl-isopentylamino)fluoran, 2-anilino-3-methyl-6-butyl aminofluoran, 2-chloro-3-methyl-6-diethylaminofluoran, 3,6-dimethoxyfluoran, and 7,7′-bis(3-diethylaminofluoran); spiropyrans including 3-methylspirodinaphtho-pyran, 3-ethylspirodinaphthopyran, 3,3′-dichlorospirodinaphthopyran, 3-benzyl spironaphthopyran, and 3-methylnaphtho-(3-methoxybenzo)spiropyran; azaphthalides including 3-(2-ethoxy-4-diethylaminophenyl)-3-(1-octyl-2-methylindol-3-yl)-4-azaphthalide, and 3-(2-ethoxy-4-diethylaminophenyl)-3-(1-ethyl-2-methylindol-3-yl)-4-azaphthalide; indolylphthalides including 3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-(1,2-dimethylindol-3-yl)phthalide and 3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-(2-methylindol-3-yl)phthalide; thianyl methanes; and styryl quinoline.
Preferred colour formers for use in the present invention are 3,3-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-dimethylaminophthalide, common name CVL (blue); 2′-(dibenzylamino)-6′-(diethylamino)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9′-xanthen)-3-one, Fuji Green; spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9′-[9H]xanthen]-3-one,6′-(diethylamino)-2′-octylamino-, ODB1 (black); 3-dibutylamino-6-methyl-7-anilinofluoran (alternative nomenclature: spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9′[9H]xanthen]-3-one,-6′(dibutylamino)-3′-methyl-2′-(phenylamino)-, ODB2 (black); 2′-anilino-6′-(ethyl(isopentyl)amino)-3′-methylspiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9-xanthen)-3-one, S-205 (black); 3-diethylamino-6-methyl-7-(3′-methylanilino)fluoran, ODB7 (black); benzenamine,4,4′((9-butyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)bis(N-methyl-N-phenyl-), SRB (blue); 6″-diethylamino-3′-methyl-2′-(2,4-xylidino)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9-xanthen)-3-one, Black XV; 2-methyl-6-(N-p-tolyl-N-ethylamino)-fluoran, ETPM (red); spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9′-(9H)xanthen)-3-one,3′-chloro-6′-(cyclohexylamino), Orange 100; 3,3′-bis(2-methyl-1-octyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone, Red 1-6B; Orange 1-G; Red MC30; Yellow 1-3R; and 3,3-bis(2,2-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-1 (3H)-Isobenzofuranone, a green/black with activity in the near infrared useful in optical character recognition applications (OCR), trade name MGI (Marks Chemicals).
A particularly preferred colour former for use when using a thermal ink in the present invention is 3-dibutylamino-6-methyl-7-anilinofluoran (alternative nomenclature: spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9′-(9H]xanthen]-3-one,-6′-(dibutylamino)-3′-methyl-2′-(phenylamino)-, known by the common name ODB2, CAS number 89331-94-2, and available under the Trade Marks Black I-2R (Ciba), Black T-2R (Ciba), and PSD 184 (Nisso) amongst others. Most preferably, this material is the only colour former used in the ink. However, if desired, one or more additional colour formers may be added. Such additional colour former is preferably present in an amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, especially less than 1%, by wt based on total colour former. The 3-dibutylamino-6-methyl-7-anilinofluoran may contain those impurities normally introduced under manufacturing conditions; these should preferably not exceed 1% wt.
Suitable colour developers for use in the thermal coating or ink used in the present invention include, for example, bis-(3-allyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)sulphone, 2,4-dihydroxy diphenyl sulphone, p-hydroxybenzylphenol, 4,4′-disulphonyl phenol, 3-benzyl salicylic acid, 3,5-di-t-butylsalicylic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl-4-isopropoxyphenylsulphone, 4,4′-thiodiphenol phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin, alphanaphthol, bisphenol A, bisphenol sulphone, benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-isopropylsalicylic acid, 4,4′-isopropylidene diphenol, and 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-thiodiphenol.
A particularly preferred colour developer for use in a thermal ink is bisphenol A. Most preferably, this material is the only colour developer used in the ink. However, if desired, one or more additional colour developers may be added. Such additional colour developer is preferably present in an amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, especially less than 1%, by wt based on total colour developer. The bisphenol A may contain those impurities normally introduced under manufacturing conditions; these should preferably not exceed 1% wt.
Suitable sensitizers for use in the thermal coating or ink used in the present invention include, for example, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), biphenyl benzoxynaphthalene, diphenylethoxylate, 4-acetyl biphenyl, di(isopropyl naphthalene, parabiphenyl, and PHNT. When a thermal ink is used, DMT is an especially preferred sensitizer; preferably DMT is the only sensitizer present, although one or more additional sensitizers may be present if desired. To prevent excessive discolouration, such additional sensitizer is preferably present in an amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, by wt based on total sensitizer. The DMT may contain those impurities normally introduced under manufacturing conditions; these should preferably not exceed 1% wt.
The thermal coating or ink used in the present invention preferably comprises a pigment. A pigment comprised in a thermal ink is preferably a high surface area, absorptive pigment, for example precipitated calcium carbonate, silica or calcined clay. Preferably the ink also comprises an additional pigment, for example a plastic pigment in the form of hollow spheres.
A preferred thermal ink for use in the present invention comprises a colour former, a colour developer, and DMT as a sensitizer, preferably together with a pigment, and preferably being free from wax. Such inks comprising 3-dibutylamino-6-methyl-7-anilinofluoran as the only colour former and bisphenol A as the only colour developer, have been found to give particularly good performance, with minimal discolouration of the product according to the invention on storage.
A thermal ink suitably consists of individual components mixed to form the ink precursor:
A thermal ink for use in the present invention is suitably prepared by grinding the above components separately. These separate grinding operations reduce the tendency for unwanted colour reaction and produce a non-coloured ink vehicle. Preferably the particles in each component are ground to a particle size of less than 1.5μ, especially less than 1.0μ, for example from 0.25μ to 1.0μ. The components are then mixed together, optionally including additional components such as slip agents and defoamers, to form the resulting ink, which may be printed using conventional means, being compatible with standard flexographic printing processes in terms of viscosity and cell transfer. Ink in which the solid particles have a particle size of less than 1.5μ produces especially advantageous results.
Other additives which may be present in the ink if desired include zinc stearate which can be added as a slip agent to prevent build up on the thermal printing head, depending on the thermal printer design.
When a conventional thermal coating is applied, this may contain a small quantity of paraffin wax to prevent pre-reaction during calendaring. Also, stearamide wax, such as Crodamide SR (Trade Mark, Croda), may be used as a co-sensitiser which reduces the energy needed for reaction. OBA may also be added to control whiteness.
The present invention enables sheets to be provided not only with visible written information by means of thermal printing, using conventional thermal printers, and optionally also by conventional printing; but also with magnetically written information. This provides major benefits in terms of paper handling and consequential lowering of costs, in numerous circumstances. The invention therefore provides a method of storing digital magnetic data, which comprises writing digital data to a product according to the invention using a magnetic data writer. The invention also provides a method of reading digital magnetic data, which comprises writing digital data to a product according to the invention using a magnetic data writer, and subsequently reading said data using a magnetic data reader. The invention also provides a method of thermally printing a product according to the invention, which comprises passing a product according to the invention through a thermal printer.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following Example, in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
A thermal, magnetically-readable paper was made at laboratory scale by laminating a thermal paper to a base sheet with glue containing magnetic pigment of coercivity 360 oersteds. The top ply was a standard 60 g/m2 thermal fax grade paper. The bottom ply was a 60 μm base paper with approximately 10 gsm of calendared, pigmented pre-coating (i.e. calcium carbonate and latex). These two plys were laminated together as described in WO 03/102926 using a 3:1 mixture of magnetic pigment ink (WL315 from Pyral) and an aqueous laminating glue (SuperLok 320 from National Starch) giving 8 to 10 g/m2 of dry magnetic pigment in the finished product. The resulting thermal sheet was then tested by magnetically encoding it in a Tally Genicom T5200 ticket printer modified to encode and decode magnetic data at 75 bpi, thermally imaging it via a “step wedge” thermal image tester at a range of temperatures and then finally retreading the magnetic signal again on the Tally T5200 magnetic ticket printer. Both the thermal imaging and magnetic encoding and decoding worked normally. In particular, it was noted that there was no corruption of the magnetic data by passage of the sheet through the thermal image tester.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0423107.2 | Oct 2004 | GB | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB05/04003 | 10/17/2005 | WO | 6/20/2007 |
