The invention relates to radio frequency (RF) and microwave circuits and systems. In particular, the invention relates to coaxial connectors used with planar circuits operating at RF and microwave frequencies.
High frequency devices, circuits and subsystems, such as those operating at radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency ranges, are often manufactured as or using a planar circuit. The planar circuits, typically referred to as ‘printed circuit boards’ (PCBs), frequently are interconnected with one another using coaxial cables. Coaxial connectors at an interface between a PCB and the coaxial cable enable the individual PCB to be connected and disconnected during assembly and/or test, as well as for maintenance and replacement purposes once the PCB has been deployed. A variety of classes or series of standard and semi-custom coaxial connectors are readily available and in widespread use including, but not limited to, SMA, SMB, SMC, SSMA, 3.5-mm, and 2.4-mm, 1.85-mm connectors. In general, each of the various coaxial connector series is available in a variety of styles, each style being adapted to a particular application and/or circuit-mounting configuration.
Among the coaxial connector styles used in conjunction with high frequency PCBs are surface-mountable styles often referred to as ‘surface mount’ (SMT) connectors.
The conventional SMT connector 10 illustrated in
The presence of the spacer legs 22 creates a gap 30 between the outer surface 19 of the flange 20 and a top surface of the PCB 1. The gap 30 enables a solder joint 26 at the connection end 16a of the center pin 16 to be cleaned and inspected during manufacturing. In addition, the gap 30 insures that expansion of the dielectric pin support 18 during solder reflow will not interfere with proper solder attachment of the center pin 16. In particular, the gap 30 accommodates any expansion of the dielectric pin support 18 such that the connector 10 does not lift off of the PCB 11 surface during soldering.
Unfortunately, the presence of the gap 30 results in a signal path discontinuity experienced by a signal traveling between the connector 10 and the transmission line 24 of the PCB 11. In particular, the signal path discontinuity exists in the SMT connector 10 transmission line between the outer surface 19 of the flange 20 and the PCB 11 surface where the center pin 16 is attached to the transmission line 24 of the PCB 11. In addition, a solder joint or fillet 26 formed when the center pin 16 is soldered to the transmission line 24 tends to exacerbate the discontinuity associated with the gap 30.
Ultimately, the discontinuity associated with the gap 30 and solder fillet 26 leads to unwanted or spurious electromagnetic radiation (EM) from the interface between the connector 10 and the PCB 11. In addition, the discontinuity associated with the gap 30 and solder fillet 26 manifests itself as an impedance mismatch, thereby introducing unwanted signal reflections in the signal path passing through the connector 10 and to the PCB 11. The signal reflections can and often do interfere with a performance of a device or system that employs conventional SMT connectors.
Accordingly, it would be advantageous to have an SMT connector that minimized spurious EM radiation and minimized a signal path discontinuity and associated impedance mismatch associated with interfacing the SMT connector to a PCB. Such a coaxial connector would address a longstanding need in the area of surface-mountable connectors for RF and microwave applications.
The present invention provides a shielded, coaxial connector interface for planar circuits operating in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency ranges. In particular, a shielded, surface-mountable (SMT), coaxial connector, a system for removably connecting and a method of interfacing for RF and microwave circuit and device applications are provided. The shielded SMT coaxial connector connection electromagnetically shields an interface between the connector and a planar circuit, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), to which the connector is attached. In addition to providing a shielded interface, the present invention also reduces an impedance mismatch associated with attaching the connector to the PCB relative to an impedance mismatch associated with an attachment without the present invention. The present invention is applicable to a wide variety of standard and semi-custom connector classes including, but not limited to SMA, SMB, SMC, 3.5-mm, 2.4-mm, 1.85-mm, and 1.0-mm series connectors.
In an aspect of the present invention, a surface-mountable (SMT) coaxial connector is provided. The SMT coaxial connector comprises an electromagnetic shield that shields an interface created between the coaxial connector and a planar circuit when the connector is attached to the planar circuit. The shield comprises a mounting end of the connector that is annular in shape and coplanar with a connection end of a coaxial transmission line of the connector. The coplanar mounting end and the connection end of the transmission line are adjacent to the interface. Depending on the embodiment, the coaxial connector of the present invention either alternatively comprises or additionally comprises an impedance mismatch reducer that reduces an impedance mismatch between the coaxial transmission line and a transmission line of the planar circuit at the interface. The coaxial transmission line is an air dielectric transmission line or air-line at and adjacent to the interface. The impedance mismatch reducer comprises an accommodation for a fillet of conductive attachment material used to attach the air-line to the planar circuit, such that an overall diameter of the airline remains constant.
In other aspects of the present invention, a system for removably connecting to an RF or microwave device is provided. The system comprises the surface mountable coaxial connector of the present invention, and further comprises a multilayer planar circuit and a mounting footprint on an exposed surface of the multilayer planar circuit that is adapted to accept the coaxial connector. Moreover, a method of interfacing a coaxial connector to a printed circuit board is provided. The method comprises electromagnetically shielding a coaxial transmission line at an interface created between a coaxial connector and a printed circuit board when the connector is attached to the printed circuit board. The method further comprises accommodating a fillet of conductive attachment material within a mean diameter of the coaxial transmission line. Advantageously, the shielding provided by the SMT connector according to the present invention reduces spurious electromagnetic radiation from the interface between the connector and PCB. Additionally, the present invention reduces an impedance discontinuity at the interface, the discontinuity being association with connector attachment. Certain embodiments of the present invention have other advantages in addition to and in lieu of the advantages described hereinabove. These and other features and advantages of the invention are detailed below with reference to the following drawings.
The various features and advantages of the present invention may be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where like reference numerals designate like structural elements in the different drawing figures, and in which:
The present invention provides a connector interface to a printed circuit board (PCB) or equivalent device realized as a planar circuit for communicating high frequency signals to and from the PCB. In particular, the shielded SMT coaxial connector 100 facilitates removably connecting a coaxial cable or another appropriately ‘connectorized’ device to the coaxial connector 100. By high frequency, it is meant that the shielded SMT coaxial connector 100 accommodates electromagnetic (EM) signals having frequencies in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency ranges. Moreover according to the present invention, the interface provided is electromagnetically shielded and exhibits an impedance discontinuity associated with the interface that is reduced, and preferably minimized, relative to an interface therebetween without using the present invention.
The shielded SMT coaxial connector 100 comprises an electrically conductive shell 110 having a connector portion 112, and a shield or base portion 114. The connector portion 112 is located adjacent to a mating end 113 of the shell 110. The connector portion 112 is adapted for being removably connected to a mating connector (not illustrated). The mating connector may be on an end of a coaxial cable, such as a semi-rigid coaxial cable, for example. The connector portion 112 is configurable as either a ‘female’ connector or a ‘male’ connector according to the present invention. The connector portion 112 is illustrated and represented hereinbelow as a female connector, for discussion purposes only. In particular, the representation of the connector portion 112 according to the present invention as a female connector is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the connector portion 112 may conform to or be adapted to mate with any standard or non-standard RF or microwave coaxial connector configuration known in the art. For example, the connector portion 112 may conform to any one of the standard microwave coaxial connector configurations or classes including, but not limited to, an SMA connector, a 3.5-mm connector, a 2.4-mm connector, a 1.85-mm connector, a 1.0-mm connector and a 0.6-mm connector. One skilled in the art is familiar with a wide variety of such connector classes in addition to those listed above, all of which are within the scope of the present invention. The skilled artisan may readily realize the connector portion 112 according to the present invention in any of the connector classes known in the art without undue experimentation.
The base portion 114 is located adjacent to a mounting end 115 of the shell 110, the mounting end 115 being distal (i.e., opposite) to the mating end 113. The mounting end 115 provides means for mounting or attaching the coaxial connector 100 to a PCB. In some embodiments, the means for mounting comprises an annular-shaped flange 119, as illustrated in
The shell 110 is tubular having an approximately central through hole 118 that extends through the shell 110 along a longitudinal axis of the shell 110. In particular, the hole 118 extends from the mating end 113 through a length of the connector portion 112 and the base portion 114 to the mounting end 115 of the shell 110. The hole 118 preferably is located at or near a central longitudinal axis of the shell 110 and preferably has a substantially cylindrical shape. Thus, the shell 110 is a hollow tube having an inner surface that is cylindrical and has an inner diameter. The inner diameter of the inner surface of the shell 110 may either vary or be constant along a length of the shell 110.
The shielded SMT coaxial connector 100 further comprises a connector pin 120 and a pin support 130. The connector pin 120 is electrically conductive, and is located in and is coaxial with the hole 118. Preferably, the connector pin 120 is approximately centrally located in the through hole 118, and therefore, the connector pin 120 may be referred to herein as ‘enter pin 120’ without limiting the scope of the invention to only a centrally located connector pin. Acting together, the shell 110 and the center pin 120 function as a high frequency, coaxial waveguide or transmission line that supports electromagnetic signal propagation through the connector 100 in the form of electromagnetic waves. As a coaxial transmission line, the connector 100 supports signal propagation as a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave.
In some embodiments according to the present invention, the center pin 120 comprises a stop 124 and a stepped end portion 126. The stop 124 is a portion of the center pin 120 that has a larger diameter than a remainder of the center pin 120. A portion of the center pin 120 between the stop 124 and the mating end 123 is adapted to receive the pin support 130. In some embodiments, the stop 124 comprises a flange or shelf formed as a part of the center pin 120.
Advantageously, the stop 124 helps to prevent the center pin 120 from being pulled away from a surface of a PCB during mounting of the connector 100. For example, heating of the dielectric pin support 130 during soldering may cause the pin support 130 to expand. The stop 124 keeps the pin 120 from being pulled up and into the pin support 130 as a result of the heat related expansion, for example.
The stepped end portion 126 is a portion of the center pin 120 adjacent to the connection end 122 of the center pin 120. The stepped end portion 126 has a reduced width or diameter compared to a width or diameter of a pin portion 125 of the center pin 120 immediately adjacent to the stepped end 126, which is between the stepped end 126 and the stop 124. In some embodiments, the width or diameter of the stepped end portion 126 is reduced compared to a remainder of the connector pin 120. A ratio of the width or diameter of the stepped end 126 to the diameter of the pin 120 in the adjacent pin portion 125 beyond the stepped end 126 may be determined by an estimate of a thickness of a conductive attachment material such as, but not limited to, a solder, that is likely to accumulate at the stepped end portion 126 during connector 100 attachment. In other words, the determined ratio may accommodate the attachment material such that a resulting combined diameter of the attachment material and stepped end 126 is substantially similar to the diameter of the adjacent pin portion 125.
Advantageously, the stepped end portion 126 helps to control the overall diameter of a combination of the conductive attachment material and the center pin 120 in a vicinity of an attachment between the connector 100 and a PCB. In particular, the stepped end portion 126 advantageously enables the application of a sufficient amount of conductive attachment material to the center pin 120 to insure a secure and robust attachment of the center pin 120 to the PCB. Moreover, due to the stepped end portion 126, the overall diameter of the combination of attachment material and center pin 120 may be made to approximate the diameter of the center pin 120 at the adjacent portion 125. In essence, the stepped end portion 126 enables the diameter of the center pin 120 at the adjacent portion 125 to be carried or continued all the way to the connection end 122 without sacrificing a robustness of the conductive connection of the center pin 120 to the PCB.
For example, consider an application that employs a solder to attach the center pin 120 to a PCB and assume that a solder fillet having approximately 0.3-mm to 0. 0.4-mm thickness is desired and expected. Moreover, assume that the center pin 120 in the pin portion 125 between the stepped end portion 126 and the stop 124 has a diameter of 1.02-mm. In this example, the exemplary stepped end portion 126 may have a diameter of approximately 0.35-mm or about one third the diameter of the pin portion 125. The expected solder fillet thickness will result in an overall thickness of the solder and center pin 120 at the stepped end portion 126 that is approximately equal to the diameter of the adjacent pin portion 125. Thus, when the center pin 120 is soldered to the PCB, the combination of the solder fillet and the stepped end portion 126 will present a relatively small impedance discontinuity or mismatch while still insuring that the center pin 120 is adequately secured to the PCB.
The center pin 120 may further comprise a knurled, fluted or splined portion 128. The splined portion 128 is preferably located in a portion of the center pin 120 corresponding to a location of the pin support 130. The splined portion 128 assists in retaining or securing the center pin 120 within the pin support 130. In particular, the splined portion 128 helps to prevent the center pin 120 from rotating during repeated mating and unmating of the connector 100 with a complimentary connector at the mating end 123.
Preferably in addition to preventing rotation, the splined portion of 128 also allows material of the pin support 130 to expand along the center pin 120 in a direction that is essentially away from the connection end 122 of the center pin 120. Expansion in a direction away from the connection end 122 is hereinafter referred to as ‘upward expansion’ without limitation to the scope of the present invention. Expansion of the pin support 130 material may occur during heating cycles associated with attachment of the connector 100, for example. Such upward expansion of the pin support 130 material facilitated by the splined portion 128 reduces a chance that the expansion of the material will result in the connection end 122 being pulled away from the PCB during connector attachment.
In addition to employing the splined portion 128 to retain the center pin 120 within the pin support, any of various captivation means known in the art may be employed to retain the pin support 130 within the shell 110 of the connector 100. In particular, use of such captivation means may further reduce an incidence of center pin 120 rotation during connector 100 mating and unmating. Specifically, use of the captivation means may prevent the pin support 130 from rotating thereby preventing the secured center pin 120 from rotating. All such means of pin support 130 captivation are within the scope of the present invention.
For example, a pair of ‘dimple-like’ side crimps 117 may be used to secure the pin support 130 within the shell 110. Other captivation means including, but not limited to, epoxy captivation and the use of formed barbs on the inner surface of the shell may be used instead of or in addition to the exemplary side crimps 117. Moreover, if the side crimps 117 or other captivation means are located at or near a base end of the pin support 130 adjacent to the connection end 122 of the center pin 120, advantageous essentially upward expansion of the pin support 130 material may be further facilitated. Thus, a combined use of the splined portion 128 to secure the center pin 120 within the pin support 130 and the use of side crimps 117 or other captivation means at the base end of the pin support 130 to secure the pin support in the shell 110 advantageously further reduces the chance of the center pin 120 being pulled away from the PCB due to pin support 130 material expansion.
The center pin 120 may further comprise a mating portion 129 adjacent to the mating end 123 of the center pin 120. The mating portion 129 may have any one of a variety of mating configurations. The connector portion 112 of the shell 110 may be any one of a variety of connector classes. The connector class of the connector portion 112 dictates a specific configuration of the mating portion 129 of the center pin 120. For example, the mating portion 129 of a female, SMA connector class of the connector portion 112 may comprise a socket with four to six circumferentially array ‘fingers’. The socket and fingers of the example are adapted to receive a mating pin of a male, SMA mating connector (not illustrated).
Referring again to
For example, an embodiment of the coaxial connector 100 consistent with the aforementioned SMA connector class may have such an extended pin support 130 made of Teflon®. The pin support 130 for such an embodiment may be formed into a cylindrical ‘bead’ having an approximately central hole therethrough. Ideally, the central hole in the Teflon® bead is slightly smaller than a diameter of the center pin 120. To assemble the exemplary coaxial connector 100, the center pin 120 is inserted into the hole of the Teflon® bead. The assembly comprising the center pin 120 and the Teflon® bead pin support 130 thus crested is inserted into and secured within the hole 118 in the connector portion 112 of the shell 110. The pin support 130 is secured in the shell 110 using the exemplary side crimps 117 as illustrated in FIG. 4. One skilled in the art is familiar with Teflon® beads used as pin supports for SMA connectors and can readily apply such familiarity to the manufacture of the shielded SMT coaxial connector 100 according to the present invention.
In other embodiments (not illustrated), the pin support 130 may be confined to a small portion of the length of the hole 118 within the connector portion 112. Moreover, there may be more than one pin support 130. In particular, in such embodiments, a total length of the pin support(s) 130 along the center pin 120 may be minimized to a total length capable of adequately supporting the center pin 120 given a particular implementation of the pin support 130. Minimizing the length of the pin support 130 tends to reduce an effect that the support 130 has on a propagating electromagnetic wave passing through the connector 100. For example, an embodiment of the shielded SMT coaxial connector 100 of the present invention consistent with a 3.5-mm or 2.4-mm class of connectors may employ a pin support 130 having a minimized length to facilitate operation at frequencies up to and beyond 40 GHz.
As used herein, a coaxial transmission line in which the space between an inner and outer conductor (e.g., the space within the hole 118 surrounding the center pin 120) is substantially filled with a dielectric material, such as Teflon®, is referred to as a ‘dielectric-filled’ coaxial transmission line. Similarly, a coaxial transmission line in which the space between the inner and outer conductor is filled by a gas, for example air, is called an ‘air dielectric’ coaxial transmission line or more simply an ‘air-line’. Thus in some embodiments, the coaxial transmission line within the connector portion 112 may be one or both of an air-line and a dielectric-filled coaxial transmission line. For example, the coaxial transmission line of the embodiment illustrated in
Advantageously, the use of an air-line within the base portion 114 minimizes a deleterious mechanical effect that an expansion of the dielectric of the pin support 130 might have on a conductive connection between the PCB and the center pin 120. Furthermore, a continuation of the coaxial transmission line as an air-line through the base portion 114 and to the mounting end 115 of the connector 100 provides shielding of the interface between the PCB and the connector 100. In particular, the presence of the coplanar annular flange 119 shields the center pin 120. The shielding provided by the present invention significantly reduces spurious EM radiation from and associated with the interface between the connector and the PCB compared to conventional SMT connectors known in the art. In addition, a relatively large and essentially continuous attachment surface afforded by the annular flange 119 of the coaxial connector 100 provides a highly secure and rugged means of attaching the coaxial connector 100 to the PCB.
A primary exception is that the center pin 120′ of the two-piece connector 100′ is a two-piece center pin 120′ comprising a connector assembly pin 120a′ and a base assembly pin 120b′. The connector assembly pin 120a′ and base assembly pin 120b′ provide means for cooperatively engaging one another. For example, the connector assembly pin 120a′ may comprise a socket 182 while the base assembly pin 120b′ may comprise a plug 184, the socket 182 and plug 184 being adapted to cooperatively engage. Those skilled in the art are familiar with other means for cooperatively engaging pins together, all of which are also within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the connector assembly 112′ and base assembly 114′ of the two-piece connector 100′ provide means for cooperatively engaging or connecting to one another. For example,
Also illustrated in
Both of the two-piece embodiments of the shielded SMA coaxial connector 100′, 100″ comprise the connector pin 120′, 120″ with a stepped end portion, an immediately adjacent pin portion and a stop that are similar or equivalent to the stepped end portion 126, the immediately adjacent pin portion 125 and the stop 124 of the connector pin 120 for the one-piece shielded SMA coaxial connector 100, as described above. Therefore, the two-piece connector embodiments 100′, 100″ have all of the features and advantages of achieving an essentially constant air-line diameter in the base assembly 114′, 114″ that are described above for the stepped end portion 126 and the solder fillet 162 when the respective connector 100′, 100″ is attached to a PCB.
The shell 110, 110′, 110″ is preferably fabricated from an electrically conductive material. More preferably, the conductive material, such as a metal that is readily machined, is employed to facilitate fabrication of the various portions of the shell 110, 110′, 110″. For example, a metal such as, but not limited to, Stainless Steel, Iron-Nickel, Copper, Tungsten or Brass, or any other metal conventionally used in fabricating high frequency coaxial connectors may be used. Alternatively, the shell 110, 110′, 110″ may be fabricated from an electrically non-conductive material. When a non-conductive material is employed, an electrically conductive coating is deposited on a surface of the shell 110, 110′, 110″ during fabrication to render the shell 110, 110′, 110″ electrically conductive.
For high frequency applications of the one-piece connector 100 and/or the two-piece connectors 100′, 100″, especially above about 1 GHz, an outer surface of the shell 110, 110′, 110″, as well as an inner surface of the shell 110, 110′, 110″ created by the hole 118, are preferably plated with a material, such as gold (Au), to improve conductivity and control or minimize corrosion. In some embodiments, additional plating layers are applied before the gold (Au) layer is applied to facilitate adhesion or improve plating reliability. For example, the shell 110, 110′, 110″ may be plated with an undercoat of nickel (Ni) prior to being plated with gold (Au).
The use of plating for improving conductivity (i.e., decreasing ohmic loss) and/or for controlling corrosion in high frequency coaxial connectors is well known to one skilled in the art. A choice of the conductive material for the shell 110, 110′, 110″ and/or the use of a particular type of plating are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. One skilled in the art is familiar with a wide range of materials used for fabricating and/or plating high frequency connectors that are suitable for use in fabricating the shell 110, 110′, 110″ of the present connectors 100, 100′, 100″. All such materials and platings are within the scope of the present invention.
The center pin 120, 120′, 120″ is an electrical conductor, preferably a metal. The center pin 120, 120′ may be fabricated from an electrically conductive material or a non-conductive material by machining, stamping or forming. The non-conductive material is further plated with an electrically conductive plating. For example, the center pin 120, 120′, 120″ may be fabricated by machining a metal such as, but not limited to, beryllium-copper, brass, KOVAR™, tungsten or molybdenum preferably plated with gold (Au). KOVAR™, a registered trademark for a nickel-cobalt-iron alloy, is registered to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. In particular, Tungsten and Molybdenum generally possess a high strength enabling them to survive fabrication and repeated mating and un-mating during operational use of the connector 100, 100′, 100″. Preferably, the center pin 120, 120′, 120″ is gold (Au) plated along the entire length of the pin 120, 120′, 120″. While several suitable metal materials are listed for the connector pin 120, 120′, 120″ hereinabove by way of example, the listed exemplary materials are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art are aware of other materials that are useful for the connector pin 120, 120′, 120″, all of such other materials are also within the scope of the present invention.
As mentioned hereinabove, a main criterion for choosing the dielectric material for the pin support 130 of the shielded SMT coaxial connector 100, 100′, 100″ is whether or not the material can adequately support the center pin 120, 120′, 120″ while simultaneously producing a minimal loss in, or disruption of, the TEM wave propagating through the connector 100, 100′, 100″. Dielectric materials including, but not limited to, borosilicate glass, alumina ceramic and various glass-ceramic materials, such as Macor™, may be used for the pin support 130 as an alternative to a dielectric material such a Teflon® mentioned previously herein. Macor™ is a trademark for unworked or semi-worked glass-ceramic materials, registered to Corning Glass Works, Houghton Park, N.Y., 14830.
In another aspect of the invention, a system 200 for removably connecting to an RF or microwave device fabricated in or on a multilayer printed circuit board using a shielded SMT coaxial connector is provided.
The system 200 comprises a shield SMT coaxial connector 210, a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) 220 and a mounting footprint 230 on a first or ‘top’ surface or layer 222 of the PCB 220. The shield SMT connector 210 may be any of the shielded SMT coaxial connector 100, 100′, 100″ embodiments described hereinabove. The multilayer PCB 220 comprises a planar transmission line 224 connected to the mounting footprint 230. The planar transmission line 224 is located on a layer 226 below the top layer 222. The mounting footprint 230 is adapted to accept the shielded SMT coaxial connector 210 and provides means for mounting the shield SMT coaxial connector 210 to the PCB 220 and means for electrically interfacing the connector 210 to the transmission line 224 of the PCB 220.
The mounting footprint 230 of the system 200 comprises an annular ring-shaped pad 234. The annular pad has a plurality of vias 236 arranged through the annular pad 234 and an approximately centrally located void that electrically isolates the annular pad 234. The mounting footprint 230 further comprises a center pad 232 that is located in the central void. The center pad 232 and the annular pad 234 are provided as an electrically conductive material on the top surface 222 of the PCB 220. For example, the center pad 232 and the annular pad 234 may be etched copper foil bonded to the top surface 222, wherein the etching is used to define a shape of the pads 232, 234. A blind via 238 or another equivalent means for electrical connection connects the center pad 232 to the transmission line 224. The center pad 232 is electrically isolated from the annular pad 234. The annular pad 234 is preferably electrically connected to and more preferably, continuous with a first ground plane 228 on the top surface 222 of the PCB 220.
Each of the vias of the plurality 236 is a hole passing from the top surface 222 to a second or ‘bottom’ surface 223 of the PCB 220. As the name might imply, the bottom surface 223 is opposite to the top surface 222. Preferably, the vias 236 are plated with a conductive material on an inside surface and otherwise provide an opening between the top surface 222 and the bottom surface 223. The plurality of vias 236 is arranged in an annular pattern within the annular pad 234.
In some embodiments, a second ground plane 229 is located on the bottom surface 223. In such embodiments, the vias 236 may be electrically connected to the second ground plane 229. In other embodiments, one or more additional ground planes (not illustrated) are provided between the first ground plane 228 and the second ground plane 229. In these embodiments, the vias 236 may be electrically connected to one or more of the additional ground planes in addition to or instead of being connected to the second ground plane 229.
Moreover, an additional ring of vias (not illustrated) may be employed concentrically between the vias 236 and a boundary of the central void. The additional ring of vias may be used to help compensate or ‘match’ an impedance of the blind via 238 to an impedance of one or both of the transmission line 224 and the shield SMT coaxial connector 210. When the additional ring of vias are used, the vias 236 essentially serve to provide shielding for the system 200 while the additional ring of vias provides impedance matching. Furthermore, other matching structures (not illustrated) such as holes in the first ground plane 228, holes in the second ground plane 229, holes in the additional ground planes, and various stubs and coupled sections on the transmission line 224 may be employed to help with impedance matching. One of skilled in the art is familiar with a wide variety of impedance matching techniques that may be used all of which are within the scope of the present invention.
The system 200 is assembled by applying a conductive attachment material such as, but not limited to, a solder material to the center pad 232 and to the annular pad 234. Alternatively or in addition, the conductive attachment material may be applied to a connector pin and an annular flange-mounting surface of the coaxial connector 210. The coaxial connector 210 is then placed in contact with the PCB 220 and aligned with the footprint 230. The aligned connector 210 has the flange-mounting surface aligned with the annular pad 234 and the connector pin aligned with the center pad 232. In the case of solder, the solder may be reflowed to attach the connector 210 to the PCB 220. Advantageously, the plurality of vias 236 allow excess attachment material to move out from between the flange and the annular pad 234 facilitating attachment while reducing a possibility of a short circuit being created between the center pad 232 and the annular pad 234. For example, when solder is used as the conductive attachment material, excess solder tends to flow into the open vias 236 during solder reflow.
The presence of the plurality of vias 236 through their collective action with respect to excess solder also advantageously and unexpectedly assists in aligning the coaxial connector 210 during reflow and in adding mechanical strength to a bond between the connector 210 and the PCB 220. In particular, surface tension of a solder fillet formed along the boundary of the annular pad 234 at the central void preferentially aligns the connector 210 to the annular pad 234 during solder reflow. Moreover, removal of excess solder from between the coaxial connector 210 and the annular pad 234 by the plurality of vias 236 tends to leave a relatively thin solder bondline. Thin solder bondlines are known to be generally stronger than thick bondlines or layers of solder. Furthermore, presence of solder within the vias 236 increases the strength of the bond between the annular pad 234 and the coaxial connector 210 attached thereto. Essentially, the solder within the vias 236 enables the vias 236 to act as rivets through the PCB 220. The annular pad 234 and coaxial connector 210 are effectively ‘riveted’ to the PCB 220 thereby increasing the overall strength of the system 200.
Accordingly, the system 200 advantageously achieves a substantially constant air-line diameter in the connector 210 at or adjacent to the connector/PCB interface using the conductive attachment material and all of the advantages described above for such a constant air-line diameter. In addition, the plurality of vias 236 provides a coaxial ground structure within the PCB 220 and that helps to shield the system 200 and minimize a transitional impedance discontinuity between the coaxial connector 210 and the transmission line 224.
In another aspect of the invention, a method 300 of interfacing to a printed circuit board (PCB) is provided.
Thus, there has been described a shielded SMT coaxial connector, a system using a shielded SMT coaxial connector, and a method of interfacing a shielded surface-mountable coaxial connector to a printed circuit board. It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of some of the many specific embodiments that represent the principles of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can readily devise numerous other arrangements without departing from the scope of the present invention.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20030052755 A1 | Mar 2003 | US |