The preferred embodiments relate to, e.g., the use of a corrugated box and tensioning device made from paper able to be completely recycled when discarded.
There have been a number of devices to dispense expanded slit sheet material. Each device has plastics or metals or wood to provide the tensioning required to simultaneously feed and expand the expandable slit sheet material.
The preferred embodiments advantageously overcome shortcomings of the above and other background art.
In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, the use of a shipping box and tensioning device, made completely of paper, enables them both to be completely recycled when the expanded slit sheet material has been fully dispensed.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a combined shipping and expansion device for shipping a roll of unexpanded slit sheet material and for expanding the slit sheet material is provided that includes: a) a container having: a first pair of side wall members; a second pair of side wall members; a bottom panel; and a top cover panel; b) a roll of slit sheet material wound around a core member and positioned within the container; c) the roll of slit sheet material having a slit pattern that forms open cells upon expansion; d) the core member having a length greater than a width of the roll of slit sheet wound around the core member and having protrusions that extend beyond each side of the roll of slit sheet material; e) a plurality of yoke members within the container, including at least one yoke member that rotatably receives a first of the protrusions and at least one yoke member that rotatably receives a second of the protrusions; and f) a friction member arranged to apply frictional pressure against at least one of the protrusions for regulating force required to rotate the roll with respect to the yoke members during unwinding of the roll of slit sheet material from the core member.
In some examples, the core member is a hollow paper tube end the container is formed from corrugated board. In some examples, the yoke members each have an arcuate opening with a radius of curvature that is substantially equal to a radius of the core member. In some examples, the at least one yoke member that rotatably receives the first of the protrusions and the at least one yoke member that rotatably receives the second of the protrusions each include two adjacent yoke members for increased support of each of the protrusions.
In some examples, the adjacent yoke members are separate yoke panel that are placed adjacent one another, with a first of the adjacent yoke panels folded downward over a second of the adjacent yoke panels. In some examples, the first of the adjacent yoke panels includes an extension tab that is received within a receiving slot formed in or proximate the bottom panel, locking the first of the adjacent yoke panels folded downward over the second of the adjacent yoke panels.
In some examples, each of the yoke members being formed on respective contiguous panels connected to the first pair of panels, each of the contiguous panels including a respective one of the arcuate openings, and each of the contiguous panels being folded to a position overlying a respective panel of the first pair of panels such that its respective the arcuate opening is arranged to receive a respective one of the protrusions of the core member.
In some examples, the roll of slit sheet material is positioning within the combined shipping and expansion device and with each of the cylinder protrusions in contact with a respective one of the arcuate openings. In some examples, a first of the second pair of side wall members has an elongated tear-away region extending from a position proximate a first of the second pair of side wall members to a position proximate a second of the second pair of side wall members.
In some examples, the top cover panel being movably mounted above the roll of slit sheet material within the container and being movable to apply pressure to the friction member, and releasable affixing means for releasably affixing the top cover panel with respect to the friction member to regulate the force required to rotate the roll with respect to the yoke members during unwinding of the roll of slit sheet material from the core member. In some examples, the releasable affixing means includes a releasable attachment mechanism that includes at least a portion substantially directly above the core. In some examples, the releasable affixing means includes two releasable attachment mechanisms located proximate opposite sides of the container.
In some examples, the friction member is a tensioning panel having an arcuate surface configured to be pressed against an upper surface of the core. In some examples, the tensioning panel has a through-hole opening that receives one of the protrusions of the core, and wherein the through-hole opening completely surrounds a perimeter of the core such as to be retained by the core. In some examples, the tensioning panel has an elongated slot that extends through a side edge of the tensioning panel such that the tensioning panel is laterally slidable with respect to a protrusion of the core with the protrusion received within the elongated slot. In some examples, the releasable affixing means is a releasable adhesive, and, in some examples, the releasable affixing means is hook and loop fasteners. In some examples, the friction member arranged to apply frictional pressure against at least one of the protrusions includes a tensioning member configured to slidingly move within the container, the tensioning member having an arcuate surface configured to be positioned against the at least one of the protrusions for applying pressure against the at least one of the protrusions. In some examples, the top cover panel is variably movable against a pressing surface of the tensioning member that is opposite to the arcuate surface, whereby the top cover can be moved to increase a force against the pressing surface and increase the pressure applied by the arcuate surface against the at least one of the protrusions.
In some examples, the top cover panel has at least one depending tab member positioned to contact the pressing surface of the tensioning member when the top cover panel is in a closed position. In some examples, the tensioning device having a height that is less than an interior height of the container such that the tensioning device applies pressure to the at least one of the protrusions without contacting the bottom panel. In some examples, the invention further includes at least one removable spacer, the at least one removable spacer being positioned between ends of the roll of slit material and the first pair of panels of the container to stabilize the roll of slit material during shipping of the combined shipping and expansion device. In some examples, the at least one removable spacer includes an elongated slot that extends from an open first end to an arcuate shaped end, thereby forming an elongated channel having an arcuate end, the arcuate end being positioned around the at least one of the protrusions. In some examples, the at least one spacer includes a packing member having downwardly extending panels placed at each end of the roll. In some examples, the at least one spacer includes two spacers, with a respective one of the spacers placed at each end of the roll.
In some examples, the slit sheet paper is extensible and has an extensible range from 1-9% in a machine direction and 1-5% in a cross direction. In some examples, the extensible paper has an extensible range from 1-6% in the machine direction and 1-4% in the cross direction. In some examples, the extensible paper has an extensible range from 1-4% in the machine direction and 1-3% in the cross direction. In some examples, the slit sheet is expandable by applying an expansion force in a range from 0.15 to 0.22 pounds per inch, to form at least one expanded sheet having an array of hexagonal cells. In some examples, the slit sheet paper is a paper having a weight in a range from about 30 to 40 pounds per 3,000 square feet.
According to some other embodiments, a combined shipping and expansion device for shipping a roll of unexpended slit sheet material and for expanding the slit sheet material is provided that includes: a) a container made with recyclable paper or board; b) a roll of slit sheet material wound around a core member and positioned within the container; c) the roll of slit sheet material having a slit pattern that forms open cells upon expansion; d) the core member being made with recyclable paper or board and having a length greater than a width of the roll of slit sheet wound around the core member and having protrusions that extend beyond each side of the roll of slit sheet material; e) a plurality of yoke members within the container, including at least one yoke member that rotatably receives a first of the protrusions and at least one yoke member that rotatably receives a second of the protrusions; and f) the container having a dispensing opening through which the slit sheet material wound around the core member can be extended and pulled, causing the core member to rotate relative to the yoke members via rotation of the roll of slit sheet material; wherein the combined shipping and expansion device is made from substantially entirely recyclable paper or board materials, whereby after complete dispensing of the slit sheet material from the shipping and expansion device, the combined shipping and expansion device can be recycled in a paper recycling facility.
According to some further embodiments, a method of using the combined shipping and expansion device according to the present invention includes: a) shipping the combined shipping and expansion device to a location of a user; and b) at the location of the user, manually pulling the slit sheet material outward through the dispensing opening and expanding the slit sheet material.
In some examples, the method further includes after fully dispensing the slit sheet material from the container delivering the combined shipping and expansion device to a paper recycling facility. In some examples, the method further includes after fully dispensing the slit sheet material from the container disposing of the combined shipping and expansion device, whereby the combined shipping and expansion device is used as a single-use shipping and expansion device. In some examples, the method further includes that the disposing of the combined shipping and expansion device includes delivering the combined shipping and expansion device to a paper recycling facility for recycling. In some examples, the method further includes providing the container with an elongated tear-away region that covers the dispensing opening during the shipping, and further including removing the tear-away region prior to the manually pulling and expanding.
In some examples, the method further includes applying pressure on the core member during the manually pulling and expanding with a tensioning device that frictionally contacts at least one of the protrusions of the core member.
In some examples, the method further includes adjustably increasing pressure upon the core member via the tensioning device by adjustably positioning of an adjustable panel of the container.
In some examples, the adjustable panel of the container is a cover of the container and adjustably positioning the cover using a releasable affixing means.
In some examples, the method further includes stabilizing the roll of slit material during the shipping with respect to the core member with at least one spacer located proximate opposite ends of the roll of slit material, and removing the at least one spacer prior to the manually pulling and expanding.
The above and/or other aspects, features and/or advantages of various embodiments will be further appreciated in view of the following description in conjunction with the accompanying figures. Various embodiments can include and/or exclude different aspects, features and/or advantages where applicable. In addition, various embodiments can combine one or more aspect or feature of other embodiments where applicable. The descriptions of aspects, features and/or advantages of particular embodiments should not be construed as limiting other embodiments or the claims.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the present invention may be embodied in many different forms, the illustrative embodiments are described herein with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as providing examples of the principles of the invention and that such examples are not intended to limit the invention to preferred embodiments described herein and/or illustrated herein.
In this application, the following terminology should be interpreted based on the definitions set forth below.
For the purposes of the present application, the term “Hexacomb” (employed in light of the product trademark Hexacomb®) means a panel constructed of two paper sheet housing vertical hexagonal cells that can be manufactured in various thicknesses to fill gaps.
For the purposes of the present application, the descriptions and terminology in relation to the paper and slit patterns within the embodiments set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,667,871, are applicable to some preferred embodiments in this present application.
For the purposes of the present application, the term “telescope” means a lateral movement of a roll of paper along an axis of the core member, including minimal lateral movement at the region of the roll having the smallest diameter (i.e., closer to the core member) and larger lateral movement at the region of the roll having the largest diameter (i.e., further from the core member). The tendency to telescope is due, in part, to the unexpended slit sheet paper having a narrower width than the paper core around which the slit sheet paper is wound.
For the purposes of the present application, the term “paper core” means a round paper tube around which an expanded slit sheet paper is wound.
For the purposes of the present application, the term “cylinder” as employed herein, means an elongated member or tube having a solid or hollow circular cross-section.
For the purposes of the present application, the term “contiguous” means that two parts are connected in a continuing sequence, such as, e.g., by a solid or perforated fold line.
For the purposes of the present application, the term “expandable” as applied to paper sheets, means a paper having a slit pattern that enables the paper to be expanded by opening of the slits upon applying a force in a longitudinal direction of the paper sheet.
Further information relating to the paper, slit patterns, and the expansion process which can be used in some embodiments of the present invention is found in: a) the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,538,778; 5,667,871; 5,688,578; 5,782,735; 3,908,071; 3,104,197; 3,220,116; 3,266,972; 3,269,393; 3,908,071; 6,024,832; 6,458,447; and 6,712,930; b) the following international PCT application(s): WO 1984002936A1; and c) the following U.S. published applications: 2014/901977; 2002/0060034; and 2007/0240841, the entire disclosures of which patents and applications are all incorporated by reference herein, as though recited herein in full.
In addition, the entire disclosures of U.S. Publication 2018/0127197-A1 (U.S. application Ser. No. 15/820,514), U.S. Publication 2018/0222665 A1 (U.S. application Ser. No. 15/428,144) and U.S. Provisional Application 62/524,905 (filed as U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 16/018,702, and internationally published as PCT/US2018/039416) are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties as if recited herein in full as part of the description of the present invention.
Application PCT/US2018/039416 describes a use of extensible paper to greatly reduce the tension required to stretch the slit sheet material. It is particularly useful for the new art shipping box and tensioning device of this application to utilize the extensible paper of the PCT/US2018/039416 application in some preferred embodiments. Although such extensible paper is employed in some preferred embodiments, as described herein other papers can be employed in other embodiments.
For the purposes of the present application, the term “extensible” as applied to paper sheets means a paper sheet that is able to stretch in a longitudinal direction of the paper sheet upon applying a force In the longitudinal direction of the paper sheet. Illustrative extensible sheets are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,908,071, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/901,977 (U.S. Pat. No. 9,945,077), International Application No. WO 1984002936, U.S. Publication Nos. 2002/0060034, 2007/0240841 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,918,966), and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,104,197, 3,220,116, 3,266,972, 3,269,393, 3,908,071, 6,024,832, 6,458,447, and 6,712,930, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein, as though recited herein in full. It should be understood that the stretching of an extensible paper must be measured in an unslit sheet of paper. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,266,972, the test and characterization procedures employed in measuring elongation (extensibility) properties can be in accordance with standard TAPPI test Elongation T457. In addition, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,266,972, the expression “extensible papers” means a paper having an increasable elongation in the machine direction as compared to standard, non-extensible Kraft paper.
For the purposes of the present invention the term extensible slit sheet papery means a paper that is both extensible and expandable. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the use of extensible paper reduces the tendency of the slit paper to tear during the expanding of the expandable slit sheet paper without negating the ability to tear the expanded slit sheet paper from the roll of expandable slit sheet paper at the end of the wrapping step.
In accordance with some preferred embodiments of the invention, an expanded slit sheet paper is employed that is made with an extensible paper that, e.g., advantageously substantially reduces a pulling force necessary to expand the expanded slit sheet material. Among other benefits, this reduced pulling force leads to a variety of very substantial benefits, including that it avoids previously required complex resistant devices that were previously necessary and opens the market to smaller manual expansion devices that can be made to be almost completely recyclable,
In some preferred embodiments, machine direction extensibility ranges of the extendible slit sheet paper can have ranges of:
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the extensible paper that is employed has low extensible properties as compared to other types of extensible papers. In this regard, an optimal extensible paper enables a smooth transition from an unexpanded to the expanded slit sheet by providing a small amount of stretching at the very start of expansion of the extensible slit sheet paper material.
In accordance with a broad embodiment of the invention, the use of extensible paper reduces the pulling force necessary to stretch the expanded slit sheet material and thereby expands the market to include, e.g., void fill usage and lighter weight papers for greater cushioning effect for very fragile items.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an extensible slit sheet paper product is produced having a slit pattern that forms open cells upon expansion of the paper product. In some preferred embodiments, the paper product is an extensible paper having an extensibility in the range from 1-9% in the machine direction and 1-5% in the cross direction. Preferably, the extensible paper has an extensible range from 1-6% in the machine direction and 1-4% in the cross direction. Most preferably, the extensible paper has an extensible range from 1-4% in the machine direction and 1-3% in the cross direction.
In accordance with some preferred embodiments of the present invention, an extensible slit sheet paper product is produced having a slit pattern that forms open cells upon expansion of said paper product, wherein said slit sheet is expandable by applying an expansion force in the range from 0.15 to 0.22 pounds per inch, to form at least one expanded sheet having an array of hexagonal cells and where the extensible paper has an extensible range from 1-6% in the machine direction and 1-4% in the cross direction.
For the purposes of expanding the slit sheet paper for use as a packaging wrap, it has been found that cross direction extensible ranges from 1%-5% provides an adequate extensibility, with ranges of 1% to 4% being more preferred, and with ranges of 1% to 3% being most highly preferred.
In some alternative embodiments, cross direction extensibility ranges of the extendible slit sheet paper can have ranges of:
In some preferred embodiments, a shipping box with an integrated dispenser is provided. In preferred embodiments, a shipping box with such an integrated dispenser has particular utility and advantages when combined with an extensible paper because of, e.g., the ease of expansion of the extensible paper. Among other things, this can expand the market to customers that use a very small amount of wrap as compared to the industrial market.
Additionally, employment of extensible paper in preferred embodiments also enhances the ease of use by the packer by providing for less ripping during the wrapping process that occurs when the tension is not properly set. As the roll of expanded slit sheet becomes smaller and lighter, there is an increased requirement to increase the tension. With the use of the extensible paper, the tension required is significantly decreased and the strength of the paper is increased. Both benefit the person wrapping by making the tensioning required much less precise, even to the point at which a single tension setting can be used with little or no adjustment. If the tension is set higher than necessary, the increase in strength from the extensible paper keeps the product from tearing and, therefore, makes it easier for the packer to use. Therefore, the packer can make fewer adjustments as the slit sheet roll becomes smaller and smaller as the paper is unwound from the roll, reducing the diameter of the remaining paper on the roll).
In some preferred embodiments, a shipping box (“box”) and tensioning device is made from paper and, most preferably, made from corrugated paper.
In the preferred embodiments, the shipping box is also the dispenser/expander of the slit sheet material with tensioning adjustments made using the top flap in combination with two hook and loop strips that hold the tension adjustment in place that presses on the tensioning devices.
In some preferred embodiments, a method by which a shipping box is prepared to be used includes the following steps:
While the use of hook and loop strips is preferred, in other embodiments, other forms of releasable attachment mechanisms can be employed. For example, in some embodiments, a releasable adhesive can be employed, wherein an adhesively attached closure can be repeatedly opened and resealed. In some examples, a number of appropriate release coatings may be used in some embodiments of the present invention. In some examples, resealable closures can employ features as shown in the following references, which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entireties: G.B. 2147564A; U.S. Pat. No. 2,822,290 (Webber); U.S. Pat. No. 2,880,862 (Sermattei); U.S. Pat. No. 2,985,554 (Dickard); U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,141A (Linnewiel); and U.S. Pub. No. 2002/0164477 (Lonc, et al.).
Other exemplary resealable closures that can be employed in embodiments of the present invention are shown in the U.S. Patents discussed below in this paragraph, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. A first example is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,054 which is designed for containing breath films or other oral care strips in which the package includes a blister pack having a hinged flap which is resealable against the top surface of the blister pack. The package has a top surface which forms a flange around the perimeter opening of the tray compartment. A second example is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,691,886 which includes a plastic tray with a lid film that includes a sealing area around its perimeter which seals to a flange surface of the tray. A third example is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,647,506 which shows another resealable container that includes a dispenser for moisture-impregnated articles such as moist tissues using a rigid plastic container with an opening formed in its top surface, wherein a resealable label reseals the top opening.
In preferred embodiments, the hook and loop strips do not interfere with the recyclability of the paper. In some preferred embodiments, the tensioning devices are shipped loose on top of the roll of slit paper within the package and are put in place by the user at the required time—that is, the user preferably installs the tensioning devices when the dispensing is to be commenced.
In some embodiments, when first dispensing the slit sheet paper roll, no tension is necessary. That is, in some embodiments, the initial weight of the roll achieves sufficient frictional resistance to enable expansion of the paper upon pulling by a user without providing additional tension. However, as the roll reduces in weight and diameter during use, the roll will spin more freely due to the decreased weight and require an increasing amount of tension. Thus, in preferred embodiments, a tensioning device is provided.
In some preferred embodiments, the shipping box, tensioning device and the paper core upon which the slit sheet material was wound are recyclable, such that, after use, they can be together discarded by placing in a recycling bin or the like for recycling paper.
In some preferred embodiments, based on the various diameters and weight weights of the slit sheet roll size, the corrugated material can be single or double wall walled material. In some preferred embodiments, the shipping box and tensioning device are made from single wall material. In some embodiments, the two yokes 106 of
With reference to
Then, the top cover tabs 109 are folded inward and adhered onto the inner side of top cap 104 as shown in
With reference to
With respect to
With respect to
With respect to
In this alternative embodiment, the box is configured to include two cooperating yoke portions at each end of the box. In this manner, each extension portion of the core member can be securely supported by two cooperating yoke portions. In this illustrative example, first and second yoke portions are respectively folded to align with one another to form a double-walled yoke at each side of the box. Towards this end, as shown, the yoke panels 1407 are rotated toward the front panel 1422 (e.g., 90 degrees) around the dashed-line region shown. Then, the front panels 1422 and the yoke panels 1407 are rotated upward with the yoke panels resting against the vertically oriented side panels 1405. The yoke panels 1406 are rotated downward to a position overlying the yoke panels 1407, thus forming two cooperating yoke portions formed by a pair of adjacent yoke panels. To further secure the positions of the panels, tabs 1415 are inserted into tab receiving notches 1414, thus locking the shipping/dispenser box 1420 in a secure configuration. As shown in
As shown in
The assembly of the shipping and dispensing box shown in
In some preferred implementations, the pressure yolk 1300 shown in
The optional bottom padding 1422 and the corrugated shipping padding 1402 are removed when the user is ready to draw and expand the slit sheet paper for wrapping around an object.
When the box is being used as a dispenser/expander of the slit sheet paper 402, variable pressure can be applied to the tensioning panel 1300 through the use of a releasable attachment system that pulls the cover member 1404 downward as needed. In some embodiments, the releasable attachment system can employ a strip with a releasable and resealable coating similar to that described above. As shown in
Similar to the embodiment described above in relation to
In the preferred embodiments, to facilitate application of downward pressure at least one pressure tab 1409 (only one shown in
While illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described herein, the present invention is not limited to the various preferred embodiments described herein, but includes any and all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects across various embodiments), adaptations and/or alterations as would be appreciated by those in the art based on the present disclosure. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. For example, in the present disclosure, the term “preferably” is non-exclusive and means “preferably, but not limited to.” In this disclosure and during the prosecution of this application, means-plus-function or step-plus-function limitations will only be employed where for a specific claim limitation all of the following conditions are present in that limitation: a) “means for” or “step for” is expressly recited; b) a corresponding function is expressly recited; and c) structure, material or acts that support that structure are not recited. In this disclosure and during the prosecution of this application, the terminology “present invention” or “invention” may be used as a reference to one or more aspect within the present disclosure. The language present invention or invention should not be improperly interpreted as an identification of criticality, should not be improperly interpreted as applying across all aspects or embodiments (i.e., it should be understood that the present invention has number of aspects and embodiments), and should not be improperly interpreted as limiting the scope of the application or claims. In this disclosure and during the prosecution of this application, the terminology embodiment can be used to describe any aspect, feature, process or step, any combination thereof, and/or any portion thereof, etc. In some examples, various embodiments may include overlapping features. In this disclosure, the following abbreviated terminology may be employed: “e.g.” which means “for example.”
In the present application, it should be understood that the use of any and all individual numerical values are stated as approximations as though the values were preceded by the word “about”, “substantially”, or “approximately.” Similarly, the numerical values in the various ranges specified in this application, unless expressly indicated otherwise, are stated as approximations as though the minimum and maximum values within the stated ranges were both preceded by the word “about”, “substantially”, or “approximately.” In this manner, variations above and below the stated ranges can be used to achieve substantially the same results as values within the ranges. As used herein, the terms “about”, “substantially”, and “approximately” when referring to a numerical value shall have their plain and ordinary meanings to a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosed subject matter is most closely related or the art relevant to the range or element at issue.
The amount of broadening from the strict numerical boundary depends upon many factors. For example, some of the factors which may be considered include the criticality of the element and/or the effect of a given amount of variation will have on the performance of the claimed subject matter, as well as other considerations known to those skilled in the art. As used herein, the use of differing amounts of significant digits for different numerical values is not meant to limit how the use of the words “about”, “substantially”, or “approximately” will serve to broaden a particular numerical value or range. Thus, as a general matter, “about”, “substantially”, or “approximately” broaden the numerical value. Also, the disclosure of ranges is intended as a continuous range including every value between the minimum and maximum values plus the broadening of the range afforded by the use of the term “about”, “substantially”, or “approximately”. Thus, recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. To the extent that determining a given amount of variation of some the factors such as the criticality of the slit patterns, paper width differential pre- and post-expansion, paper weights and type, as well as other considerations known to those skilled in the art to which the disclosed subject matter is most closely related or the art relevant to the range or element at issue will have on the performance of the claimed subject matter, is not considered to be within the ability of one of ordinary skill in the art, or is riot explicitly stated in the claims, then the terms “about”, “substantially”, and “approximately” should be understood to mean the numerical value, plus or minus 15%.
It is to be understood that any ranges, ratios and ranges of ratios that can be formed by, or derived from, any of the data disclosed herein represent further embodiments of the present disclosure and are included as part of the disclosure as though they were explicitly set forth. This includes ranges that can be formed that do or do riot include a finite upper and/or lower boundary.
Furthermore, it should be noted that in this application, all theories related to functioning of the invention are provided to facilitate appreciation of concepts of the invention, rather than by way of limitation.
Accordingly, a person of ordinary skill in the corresponding art related to a particular range, ratio or range of ratios will appreciate that such values are unambiguously derivable from the data presented herein.
The present application is a non-provisional of prior U.S. provisional application No. 62/571,382, filed Oct. 12, 2017, and prior U.S. provisional application No. 62/633,630, file Feb. 22, 2018, the entire disclosures of which are both incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62571382 | Oct 2017 | US | |
62633630 | Feb 2018 | US |