Signal cancellation in radio frequency (RF) device network

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 10771137
  • Patent Number
    10,771,137
  • Date Filed
    Friday, December 8, 2017
    7 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, September 8, 2020
    4 years ago
Abstract
A system, in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, receives a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a first antenna array. Based on the received request and associated metadata, one or more antenna control signals are received from the first RF device. The programmable AR device is dynamically selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria. A controlled plurality of RF signals is transmitted, via a second antenna array, to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device based on the associated metadata. The controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This Application makes reference to:


U.S. Pat. No. 10,321,332, filed on May 30, 2017, entitled “Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) Coverage for Millimeter Wave Communication”;


U.S. Pat. No. 10,348,371, filed on Dec. 7, 2017, entitled “Optimized Multi-Beam Antenna Array Network with an Extended Radio Freguency Range”;


U.S. Pat. No. 10,014,887, filed on Feb. 14, 2017, entitled “Outphasing Transmitters with Improved Wireless Transmission Performance and Manufacturability”; and


U.S. Pat. No. 7,848,386,, filed on Sep. 22, 2006, entitled “Frequency hopping RF transceiver with programmable antenna and methods for use therewith.”


Each of the above referenced Application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

Certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to reflector devices in a radio frequency (RF) communication system. More specifically, certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method and system for signal cancellation in RF device network.


BACKGROUND

Typically, in an RF device network, radio transmitter devices (for example, mobile base stations and television/radio broadcast stations) broadcast RF energy in form of beams of RF signals to a variety of RF receiver devices. Such beams of RF signals may reach the receiving antenna via multiple paths. As a result, such beams of RF signals may constructively or destructively interfere with each other at the receiving antenna. Constructive interference occurs when the beams of RF signals are in phase, and destructive interference occurs when the beams of RF signals are half a cycle out of phase. For the latter case, there is required a robust and advanced system in an RF device network by which the beams of RF signals are intelligently controlled for signal cancellation in such RF device network.


Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the present disclosure as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.


BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Systems and/or methods are provided for signal cancellation in RF device network, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.


These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the present disclosure, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS


FIG. 1 is an exemplary network environment diagram, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.



FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary programmable AR device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.



FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary second RF device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.



FIG. 4 depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations of an exemplary programmable active reflector (AR) device for signal cancellation in RF device network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.



FIG. 5 depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations of an exemplary second RF device for signal cancellation in RF device network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

Certain embodiments of the disclosure may be found in a method and system for signal cancellation in RF device network. In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, various embodiments of the present disclosure.



FIG. 1 is an exemplary network environment diagram, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 1, there is shown a network environment diagram 100 that may correspond to an RF device network. The RF device network may include various RF devices, such as a first RF device 102, a second RF device 104, and one or more reflector devices 106. In accordance with an embodiment, the one or more reflector devices 106 may include a first programmable active reflector (AR) device 108. In accordance with other embodiments, the one or more reflector devices 106 may further include a second programmable AR device 110 and a passive reflector (PR) device 112. There is further shown a first AR microcontroller 108A in the first programmable AR device first programmable AR device 108 and a second AR microcontroller 110A in the second programmable AR device 110.


Although there are shown only two programmable AR devices and one PR device, the disclosure is not so limited. As a matter of fact, the count of the programmable AR devices and the PR devices may vary based on various factors, such as the location of the first RF device 102, relative distance of the first RF device 102 from the second RF device 104, and count and type of physical obstructing devices, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure.


In accordance with an embodiment, one or more circuits of each of the one or more reflector devices 106 may be integrated in a package of the plurality of antenna modules of the corresponding reflector device. In accordance with an embodiment, the one or more circuits of each of the one or more reflector devices 106 may be on a printed circuit board on which the plurality of antenna modules of the corresponding reflector device is mounted.


The first RF device 102 is a fixed point of communication that may communicate information, in the form of a plurality of beams of RF signals, to and from a transmitting/receiving device, such as the second RF device 104, via one or more reflector devices 106. Multiple base stations, corresponding to one or more service providers, may be geographically positioned to cover specific geographical areas. Typically, bandwidth requirements serve as a guideline for a location of the first RF device 102 based on relative distance between the first RF device 102 and the second RF device 104. The count of instances of the first RF device 102 in the RF device network may depend on, for example, expected usage, which may be a function of population density, and geographic irregularities, such as buildings and mountain ranges, which may interfere with the plurality of beams of RF signals. Various examples of the first RF device 102 may include a base station, an access point, and other such source of RF transmission.


In accordance with an embodiment, the first RF device 102, in conjunction with a global positioning system (GPS), may be configured to determine locations of the one or more reflector devices 106. Apart from the GPS, various other techniques, for example, radio frequency identification (RFID) system, global navigation satellite system (GNSS), site map, signal delay, database information, and the like may also be deployed to determine the location of the one or more reflector devices 106.


The first RF device 102 may comprise one or more circuits that may be configured to dynamically select the one or more reflector devices 106, such as the first programmable AR device 108, the second programmable AR device 110, and the PR device 112, along a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio signal path. Such a combination of the various dynamically selected one or more reflector devices 106 along the NLOS radio signal path may form a multi-beam antenna array network.


In accordance with an embodiment, the first RF device 102 may be configured to determine an optimized NLOS radio signal path out of multiple available NLOS radio signal paths for the transmission of the plurality of beams of RF signals to various RF devices in the RF device network. Accordingly, the first RF device 102 may be configured to control the dynamically selected one or more reflector devices 106 based on a set of criteria, described below.


The second RF device 104 may correspond to a telecommunication hardware operable to receive the plurality of RF signals from the first RF device 102 and/or the one or more reflector devices 106. Examples of the second RF device 104 may include, but are not limited to, laptop host computers, personal digital assistant hosts, personal computer hosts, and/or cellular device hosts that include a wireless RF transceiver. The second RF device 104 may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals from the first RF device 102, via an optimized NLOS radio signal path. The optimized NLOS radio signal path may correspond to an optimal radio signal path for propagation of a beam of RF signals, for which the line-of-sight (LOS) is otherwise obscured (partially or completely) by physical objects. Such obstructing physical objects make it difficult for the RF signal to pass through in a wireless communication network in the LOS, thus is the reason for selection of the optimized NLOS radio signal path. Common physical objects that may partially or completely obstruct the LOS between an RF transmitter device and an RF receiver device, may include, for example, tall buildings, tinted glass, doors, walls, trees, physical landscape, and high-voltage power conductors. The plurality of radio signal paths may be facilitated by various wireless communication standards, such as, but not limited to, IEEE 802.11n (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi), HSPA+(3G), WiMAX (4G), and Long Term Evolution (4G), 5G, power-line communication for 3-wire installations as part of ITU G.hn standard, and HomePlug AV2 specification. In accordance with an embodiment, the wireless communication network may facilitate extremely high frequency (EHF), which is the band of radio frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum from 30 to 300 gigahertz. Such radio frequencies have wavelengths from ten to one millimeter, referred to as millimeter wave (mmWave).


The one or more reflector devices 106 may correspond to RF devices that may have multiple antenna elements, which may be fed in phase for generating single or multiple beams of RF signals, and perform a plurality of operations, for example, increasing antenna gain and reducing radiation in unwanted directions and unwanted locations, on the single or multiple beams of RF signals.


Each of the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110 in the one or more reflector devices 106 may be a single-beam or a multi-beam AR device configured to perform a plurality of operations on a plurality of beams of RF signals received from an RF device, such as the first RF device 102, an access point (not shown), or a reflector device, for example, the PR device 112 or other AR devices. Examples of such plurality of operations may include, but are not limited to, adjusting an amplitude gain, adjusting phase shift, performing beam forming to generate a plurality of beams of RF signals, and performing beam steering based on the phase shifting of the plurality of beams of RF signals to deflect the plurality of beams at a desired angle. It may be noted that the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110 may require a substantial DC power for performing the above-mentioned operations.


The first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110 may be positioned in vicinity of physical obstructing objects, such as a tree or a tinted glass window, which may partially block or impair the path of the plurality of beams of RF signals. Each of the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110 may be realized based on other components, such as a plurality of low-noise amplifiers, a plurality of phase shifters, a combiner, a splitter, a plurality of power amplifiers, and mixers.


The PR device 112 may be configured to provide only a deflection to the plurality of beams of RF signals without adjusting the amplitude gain and the phase shift of the plurality of beams of RF signals. The PR device 112 may provide the deflection based on various parameters, such as an incident angle, scan angle, and sizes of the PR device 112. The PR device 112 may be positioned in a vicinity of a physical obstructing object, such as a building, that may completely block the path of the plurality of beams of RF signals. The PR device 112 may be realized by a simple metal plane with a flat or a curved surface. The PR device 112 may be arranged at an incident angle, so that the angle of incoming plurality of beams of RF signals corresponds to the angle of the outgoing plurality of beams of RF signals.


Each of the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110 may comprise a first antenna array, i.e. a transmitter array, and a second antenna array, i.e. a receiver array. In accordance with an embodiment, the first antenna array may be configured to transmit a set of beams of RF signals to one or more RF devices, for example, the first RF device 102, the second RF device 104, and other AR or PR devices in the RF device network. Likewise, in accordance with another embodiment, the second antenna array may be configured to receive another set of beams of RF signals from the one or more RF devices.


In operation, one or more circuits in the second RF device 104, for example, a radio device, may be configured to generate a request based on an input from a noise detection unit. The noise detection unit may be configured to detect a presence of noise that exceeds a threshold level. The noise may be generated by the second RF device 104 that may interfere with the reception of the plurality of RF signals by devices such as Wireless Wide Area Network Adapters. This may reduce the sensitivity of the adapter and thus, the range till the first RF device 102, for example, a base station. The noise may be further generated by in-band noise sources that may create co-channel interference with the plurality of RF signals that may degrade the desired received RF signal.


Based on various methods, systems, or techniques, known in the art, the second RF device 104 may be configured to locate the one or more reflector devices 106 to transmit the generated request. According to one of such systems, for example, a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, each RFID tag may be associated with each RF device in the RF device network for various operations, for example, tracking inventory, tracking status, location determination, assembly progress, and the like. The RF device network may include one or more RFID readers. Each RFID reader may wirelessly communicate with one or more RFID tags within corresponding coverage area. The RFID readers may collect data, for example location data, from each of the RFID tags within corresponding coverage area. The collected data may be communicated to the first RF device 102 via wired or wireless connection and/or via peer-to-peer communication. Other techniques may include global GPS, GNSS, site map, signal delay, database information, and the like may also be deployed to determine the location of the one or more reflector devices 106.


Once located, the second RF device 104 may be configured to transmit the generated request to the one or more reflector devices 106. The second RF device 104 may further transmit the associated metadata along with the request. The associated metadata may include at least a specified direction and a specified location of the second RF device 104. In accordance with an embodiment, the second RF device 104 may transmit/receive the plurality of beams of RF signals to/from only one of the one or more reflector devices 106, such as the first programmable AR device 108. In such a case, only the first programmable AR device 108 receives the request and associated metadata from the second RF device 104 and processes the received request based on the associated metadata. In accordance with another embodiment, the second RF device 104 may transmit/receive the plurality of beams of RF signals to/from multiple reflector devices from one or more reflector devices 106. In such a case, the plurality of reflector devices receives the request from the second RF device 104 and further transmits to a central server/computer, such as the first RF device 102, for further processing. Accordingly, the first RF device 102 may be configured to process the request based on the associated metadata.


In accordance with an embodiment, the first RF device 102 may be configured to dynamically select reflector devices, such as the first programmable AR device 108, the second programmable AR device 110, and the PR device 112, from the one or more reflector devices 106 along the optimized NLOS radio signal path based on a set of criteria. The PR device 112 may also be selected in addition to the first programmable AR device 108 and second programmable AR device 110 to further facilitate the redirection of the transmission of one or more beams of RF signals in case one of the first programmable AR device 108 or second programmable AR device 110 is completely blocked or mitigated by a physical obstructing object, such as high-voltage conducting device.


Such a combination of the various dynamically selected one or more reflector devices 106, may form a multi-beam antenna array network. The set of criteria for the dynamic selection of the one or more reflector devices 106 may correspond to a location of the one or more reflector devices 106, a relative distance of the one or more reflector devices 106 with respect to the RF transmitter device, a type of one or more physical obstructing objects, and one or more parameters measured at the one or more reflector devices 106. The one or more parameters may correspond to at least an antenna gain, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), a carrier-to-noise (CNR), and a carrier-to-interference-and-noise ratio (CINR) of the one or more reflector devices 106.


The first RF device 102 may be further configured to determine that the NLOS radio signal path is an optimized radio signal path for such RF transmission. The optimized NLOS radio signal path may correspond to optimized characteristics, for example, shortest radio path, optimum signals level, maximum bitrate, increased access speed, highest throughput, and the like, between, for example, the first RF device 102 and the second RF device 104. The optimized NLOS radio signal path may further correspond to a guaranteed transmission of the plurality of beams of RF signals to the second RF device 104.


Accordingly, the first RF device 102 may be configured to dynamically control the programmable reflector devices, such as the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110, selected from the one or more reflector devices 106 along the optimized NLOS radio signal path.


Each of the first programmable AR device 108 and second programmable AR device 110 may comprise a first antenna array and a second antenna array that may be dual-polarized. In accordance with an embodiment, signal strength of a beam of RF signal received by the second antenna array 202B at the first programmable AR device 108 is typically lesser than signal strength of a beam of RF signals transmitted by the first antenna array 202A. As such, the received beam of RF signals at the second antenna array 202B may be susceptible to interference from the transmitted beam of RF signals by the first antenna array 202A. Therefore, to mitigate or limit the interference, isolation is provided between the transmitter and the receiver chip in the first programmable AR device 108. In accordance with an exemplary implementation for such isolation, the first antenna array 202A and the second antenna array 202B may include antenna elements that may be dual-polarized, such as vertically polarized and horizontally polarized. The dual-polarized antenna elements may be, for example, a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, or a slot antenna. It may be noted that the dual polarization of antenna elements is not just limited to precisely and mathematically vertical or horizontal. Notwithstanding, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure, dual polarization may refer to any two polarizations of an antenna, for example, substantially or approximately ±45 degrees. In other implementations, the antenna polarizations may be non-orthogonal. Accordingly, the first antenna array 202A and the second antenna array 202B may be implemented sufficiently apart from each other and provided respective RF shields to minimize inter-modulation or mutual interferences.


The first antenna array and the second antenna array in each of the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110 may constitute the multi-beam antenna array system. Each of the first antenna array and the second antenna array may include at least a plurality of programmable antenna elements and a signal parameter control unit. Each of the plurality of programmable antenna elements, in conjunction with respective microcontrollers, such as the first AR microcontroller 108A and the second AR microcontroller 110A, may tune the first antenna array to perform beam forming and beam steering based on adjustment of one or more signal parameters, i.e. the gain, phase, frequency, and the like, on an incoming plurality of RF signals.


Thus, such plurality of programmable antenna elements may combine to generate a controlled beam of the plurality of RF signals that may cause destructive interference in a specified direction and specified location of second RF device 104 within the transmission range of the controlled one or more reflector devices 106. Accordingly, the radiation from the programmable antenna element in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104 may be attenuated significantly, by at least an order or magnitude, in order to attenuate interference with another AR device. As the main lobe is steered towards the first RF device 102 to improve signal strength, beam patterns null spaces may be steered towards the source of interference, i.e. the second RF device 104. Thus, null spaces may be formed based on a destructive interference of the converged plurality of beams of RF signals, received from the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110, in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104. Resultantly, phase cancellation may be performed between the plurality of beams of RF signals to generate the null space in the specified direction and specified location of the second RF device 104.


In accordance with an embodiment, the transmission of the plurality of RF signals by the one or more reflector devices 106 may be performed to generate destructive interference in the air in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104. In accordance with another embodiment, the transmission of the plurality of RF signals by the one or more reflector devices 106 may be received at antenna arrays of RF receiver devices, such as the second RF device 104, which generate the destructive superposition of the RF signals using RF circuits and transmission lines.


It may be noted that the selection of the one or more reflector devices 106 and the determination of the NLOS radio signal path, in the above exemplary scenario, may be based on the shortest distance, presence of interference sources, and type of obstructing physical object. However, it should not the construed to be limiting the scope of the disclosure. Notwithstanding, the selection of the one or more reflector devices 106, and the determination of the NLOS radio signal path may be further based on other parameters, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure.



FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary programmable AR device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 2, there is shown the first programmable AR device 108 that transmits the plurality of beams of RF signals, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 2, the first programmable AR device 108 may correspond to a single-beam or a multi-beam AR device and may include a first antenna array 202A and a second antenna array 202B.


The first antenna array 202A may include a first AR microcontroller 108A and a programmable antenna 204 for transmission of a plurality of beams of RF signals. The programmable antenna 204 may include a fixed antenna element 206, a programmable antenna element 208, a control unit 210, and an impedance matching unit 212.


In operation, the second antenna array 202B may be configured to receive a request and associated metadata from the second RF device 104 for signal cancellation. In accordance with an embodiment, only the first programmable AR device 108 may receive the request and associated metadata from the second RF device 104. In such a case, only the first programmable AR device 108 processes the received request based on the associated metadata. In accordance with another embodiment, the plurality of reflector devices may receive the request and associated metadata from the second RF device 104. In such a case, the request may be further transmitted to a central server/computer, such as the first RF device 102 for further processing. Accordingly, the first RF device 102 may be configured to process the request (based on the associated metadata) by locating the plurality of reflector devices, and thereafter, dynamically selecting and controlling the one or more reflector devices 106.


It may be noted that the following description is with respect to an embodiment, in which only the first programmable AR device 108 receives the request and associated metadata from the second RF device 104 for signal cancellation. In accordance with other embodiments, similar exemplary operations, as explained with respect to the first programmable AR device 108, may be performed in conjunction (or parallel) with other programmable AR devices, based on one or more antenna control signals provided by first RF device 102, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure.


In accordance with an embodiment, the programmable antenna 204 may be configured to be tuned to one of a plurality of signal parameters, such as resonant frequencies, in response to a signal parameter selection signal, such as a frequency selection signal. The programmable antenna 204 may be tuned to a particular resonant signal parameter value in response to one or more antenna control signals generated by the control unit 210. Accordingly, the programmable antenna 204 may be dynamically tuned to a specific carrier signal parameter or sequence of carrier signal parameter values of a transmitted RF signal and/or a received RF signal.


The fixed antenna element 206 may have a resonant signal parameter or center signal parameter of operation that may be dependent upon physical dimensions of the fixed antenna element 206, such as a length of a one-quarter wavelength antenna element or other such dimension. The programmable antenna element 208 may modify the “effective” length or dimension of the control unit 210 by selectively adding or subtracting from the reactance of the programmable antenna element 208 to confirm to changes in the selected signal parameter and the corresponding changes in other signal parameters. The fixed antenna element 206 may include one or more elements, such as a dipole, loop, annular slot or other slot configuration, rectangular aperture, circular aperture, line source, helical element or other element or antenna configuration, or a combination thereof.


The control unit 210 may generate the one or more antenna control signals in response to the signal parameter selection signal. The control unit 210 may generate the one or more antenna control signals to command the programmable antenna element 208 to modify the impedance in accordance with a desired resonant signal parameter or the particular carrier signal parameter that is indicated by the signal parameter selection signal.


In accordance with an exemplary implementation, the set of possible carrier signal parameters may be known in advance and the control unit 210 may be preprogrammed with the specific antenna control signals that correspond to each carrier signal parameter. In accordance with another exemplary implementation, the control unit 210, based on equations derived from impedance network principles, known in the art, may calculate the specific impedance that may generate the antenna control commands to implement the specific impedance.


The programmable antenna 204 may optionally include the impedance matching unit 212 that may include a plurality of adjustable reactive network elements. The adjustable reactive network elements are tunable in response to a corresponding plurality of matching network control signals, to provide a substantially constant load impedance. The plurality of matching network control signals may be generated by the control unit 210 in response to the adjusted one or more signal parameters, such as amplitude and phase, of the antenna current. The impedance matching unit 212 may include a transformer, for example, a balun transformer, an L-section, pi-network, t-network or other impedance network that may perform the function of impedance matching. The method for controlling the plurality of beams of RF signals has been described in detail in FIG. 4.



FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary second RF device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 3, there is shown the second RF device 104, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 3, the second RF device 104 may include a first antenna array 302A and a second antenna array 302B. The second antenna array 302B may include a second microcontroller 104A and a programmable antenna 304 for reception of plurality of beams of RF signals. The programmable antenna 304 may include a programmable antenna element 306 and a control unit 308. The second RF device 104 may further include various additional components, such as a down conversion unit that further includes a mixing unit, an ADC unit, and may also include a filtering and/or gain unit, not shown in FIG. 3. The second RF device 104 may be further configured to process baseband or low IF signal in accordance with a particular wireless communication standard (such as, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, RFID, GSM, CDMA, and the like). The processing may include various exemplary operations, such as, but not limited to, digital intermediate frequency to baseband conversion, demodulation, demapping, depuncturing, decoding, and/or descrambling.


The programmable antenna element 306 may be configured to be tuned to a selected carrier signal parameter in response to a signal parameter selection signal. The control unit 308 may control a signal parameter, such as frequency, of the receiver local oscillation, in accordance with a desired carrier frequency. In accordance with an embodiment, the control unit 308 may select the carrier signal parameter based on channel characteristics, such as a received signal strength indication (RSSI), SNR, SIR, bit error rate, retransmission rate, or other performance indicator.


In operation, one or more circuits in the second RF device 104, for example, a radio device, may be configured to generate a request based on an input from a noise detection unit. The noise detection unit may be configured to detect a presence of noise that exceeds a threshold level. The noise may be generated by the second RF device 104 that may interfere with the reception of the plurality of RF signals by devices such as Wireless Wide Area Network Adapters. This may reduce the sensitivity of the adapter and thus, the range till the first RF device 102, for example, a base station. The noise may be further generated by in-band noise sources that may create co-channel interference with the plurality of RF signals that may degrade the desired received RF signal.


Based on various methods, systems, or techniques, as described in FIG. 1, the second RF device 104 may be configured to locate the one or more reflector devices 106 to transmit the generated request and associated metadata, such as a specified direction and a specified location for generating null spaces. The generated request corresponds to signal cancellation, such as noise cancellation, in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104.


Once located, the second RF device 104 may be configured to transmit the generated request and associated metadata to the one or more reflector devices 106 via the first antenna array 302A. In accordance with an embodiment, the second RF device 104 may receive the plurality of beams of RF signals from only one of the one or more reflector devices 106, such as the first programmable AR device 108. In accordance with another embodiment, the second RF device 104 may receive the plurality of beams of RF signals from multiple reflector devices from one or more reflector devices 106.


In accordance with an embodiment, the second antenna array 302B may be configured to receive a beam of RF signals from only the first programmable AR device 108. In accordance with another embodiment, the second antenna array 302B may be configured to receive a plurality of beams of RF signals from multiple reflector devices. The programmable antenna 304 in the second antenna array 302B, in conjunction with similar one or more programmable antennas described in FIG. 2, may be configured to combine the received plurality of beams of RF signals to generate a controlled beam, such as with a main lobe in one direction, and a null in another direction. As discussed in conjunction with FIG. 2, the signal parameters adjustments, such as magnitudes and phases adjustments, for each of the antennas may be performed based on various techniques to achieve the desired beam shape.


It may be noted that the first antenna array 302A and the second antenna array 302B in second RF device 104 may be dual-polarized. The dual-polarized first antenna array 302A and the second antenna array 302B may be implemented sufficiently apart from each other in isolation and provided respective RF shields to minimize inter-modulation or mutual interferences.



FIG. 4 depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations of an exemplary programmable AR device for signal cancellation in RF device network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. The exemplary operations in FIG. 4 are explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2. Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a flow chart 400 comprising exemplary operations 402 through 422.


At 402, a request for signal cancellation may be received. In accordance with an embodiment, the first programmable AR device 108 may receive a request from the second RF device 104, via the second antenna array 202B, for signal cancellation.


At 404, it may be determined that whether the request is received only by the first programmable AR device 108 or also by one or more other AR devices, such as second programmable AR device 110. The determination may be based on metadata associated with the received request. In accordance with an embodiment, only the first programmable AR device 108 receives the request. In such a case, control passes to 406. In accordance with another embodiment, one or more other AR devices, such as second programmable AR device 110, in addition to the first programmable AR device 108 may receive the request. In such a case, control passes to 414.


At 406, when only the first programmable AR device 108 receives the request, one or more antenna control signals may be generated. In accordance with an embodiment, the one or more antenna control signals may be generated by the control unit 210 of the first programmable AR device 108. The control unit 210 may generate the one or more antenna control signals in response to a signal parameter selection signal. The control unit 210 may generate the one or more antenna control signals to command the programmable antenna element 208 to modify the impedance in accordance with a desired resonant signal parameter or the particular carrier signal parameter that is indicated by the signal parameter selection signal.


In accordance with an exemplary implementation, a set of carrier signal parameter values may be known in advance and the control unit 210 may be preprogrammed with the specific one or more antenna control signals that correspond to each carrier signal parameter. In accordance with another exemplary implementation, the control unit 210, based on equations derived from impedance network principles, known in the art, may calculate the specific impedance that may generate the antenna control commands to implement the specific impedance.


At 408, one or more of a plurality of signal parameters may be adjusted in response to one or more antenna control signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the first AR microcontroller 108A may be configured to adjust one or more of a plurality of signal parameters in response to one or more antenna control signals generated by the control unit 210.


At 410, one or more programmable antenna elements may be tuned to a particular resonant signal parameter value in response to one or more antenna control signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the programmable antenna element 208 may be tuned to a particular resonant signal parameter value in response to one or more antenna control signals generated by the control unit 210. The programmable antenna element 208 may be configured to be tuned to one or more of a plurality of signal parameters, such as resonant frequencies, in response to the signal parameter selection signal, such as a frequency selection signal. The programmable antenna 204 may optionally include the impedance matching unit 212 that may include a plurality of adjustable reactive network elements. The adjustable reactive network elements are tunable in response to a corresponding plurality of matching network control signals, to provide a substantially constant load impedance. The plurality of matching network control signals may be generated by the control unit 210 in response to the adjusted one or more signal parameters, such as amplitude and phase, of the antenna current. The impedance matching unit 212 may include a transformer, for example, a balun transformer, an L-section, pi-network, t-network or other impedance network that may perform the function of impedance matching.


Each of the plurality of programmable antenna elements, in conjunction with respective microcontrollers, such as the first AR microcontroller 108A, may tune the first antenna array 202A to perform beam forming and beam steering based on adjustment of one or more signal parameters, i.e. the gain, phase, frequency, and the like, on an incoming plurality of RF signals.


At 412, the plurality of programmable antenna elements may generate one or more controlled beams of RF signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the programmable antenna 204 in combination with the one or more other similar programmable antenna elements may generate one or more controlled beams of RF signals based on the associated metadata. The one or more controlled beams of RF signals cause destructively interference in the specified direction and the specified location of second RF device 104 within the transmission range of the first programmable AR device 108. Accordingly, the radiation from the programmable antenna element in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104 may be attenuated significantly, by at least an order or magnitude, in order to attenuate interference with another AR device. As the main lobe is steered towards the first RF device 102 to improve signal strength, beam patterns null spaces may be steered towards the source of interference, i.e. the second RF device 104. Thus, null spaces may be formed based on a destructive interference of the converged plurality of beams of RF signals, received from the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110, in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104. Resultantly, phase cancellation may be performed between the plurality of beams of RF signals to generate the null space in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104.


At 414, when one or more other AR devices, such as second programmable AR device 110, in addition to the first programmable AR device 108, the request may be transmitted to the first RF device 102.


At 416, a first set of antenna control signals may be received. In accordance with an embodiment, the first antenna array 202A may be configured to receive the first set of one or more antenna control signals from the first RF device 102. In such an embodiment, the first antenna arrays of one or more other AR devices, such as the second programmable AR device 110, may also be configured to receive a second set of the one or more antenna control signals from the first RF device 102.


At 418, one or more of a plurality of signal parameters may be adjusted in response to the first and the second set of antenna control signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the first AR microcontroller 108A may be configured to adjust one or more of a plurality of signal parameters in response to the first set of antenna control signals generated by the control unit 210. Further, the second AR microcontroller 110A may be configured to adjust one or more of a plurality of signal parameters in response to the second set of antenna control signals generated by corresponding control unit.


At 420, one or more programmable antenna elements may be tuned to a particular resonant signal parameter value in response to the first and the second set of antenna control signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the programmable antenna elements of the first programmable AR device 108 and also the second programmable AR device 110 may be tuned to a particular resonant signal parameter value in response to one or more antenna control signals generated by respective control units. The programmable antennas of the first programmable AR device 108 and second programmable AR device 110 may be configured to be tuned to one or more of a plurality of signal parameters, such as resonant frequencies, in response to two signal parameter selection signals, such as frequency selection signals. The programmable antennas of the first programmable AR device 108 and second programmable AR device 110 may optionally include a plurality of adjustable reactive network elements. The adjustable reactive network elements are tunable in response to a corresponding plurality of matching network control signals, to provide a substantially constant load impedance. The plurality of matching network control signals may be generated by the control unit 210 in response to the adjusted one or more signal parameters, such as amplitude and phase, of the antenna current.


Each of the plurality of programmable antenna elements, in conjunction with respective microcontrollers, such as the first AR microcontroller 108A and the second AR microcontroller 110A, may tune the first antenna arrays of respective programmable AR devices to perform beam forming and beam steering based on adjustment of one or more signal parameters, i.e. the gain, phase, frequency, and the like, on plurality of RF signals.


At 422, the plurality of programmable antenna elements may generate a plurality of controlled beams of RF signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the programmable antenna elements of the first programmable AR device 108 and second programmable AR device 110 may generate a plurality of controlled beams of RF signals. The plurality of controlled beams of RF signals cause destructive interference in the specified direction and the specified location of second RF device 104 within the transmission range of the first programmable AR device 108 and the second programmable AR device 110. Accordingly, the radiation from the programmable antenna elements of the two programmable AR devices in the direction and at the location of the second RF device 104 may be attenuated significantly, by at least an order or magnitude, in order to attenuate interference. As the main lobe is steered towards the first RF device 102 to improve signal strength, beam patterns nulls may be steered towards the source of interference, i.e. the second RF device 104, for suppression. Resultantly, phase cancellation may be performed between the plurality of beams of RF signals to generate the null space in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104.



FIG. 5 depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations of an exemplary second RF device for signal cancellation in RF device network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. The exemplary operations in FIG. 5 are explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 3. Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a flow chart 500 comprising exemplary operations 502 through 510.


At 502, a request may be generated based on an input from another unit. In accordance with an embodiment, one or more circuits in the second RF device 104 may be configured to generate the request based on an input from a noise detection unit. The noise detection unit may be configured to detect a presence of noise that exceeds a threshold level.


At 504, one or more reflector devices may be located to transmit the generated request and associated metadata. In accordance with an embodiment, the second RF device 104 may be configured to locate the one or more reflector devices 106, based on various methods, systems, or techniques, as described in FIG. 1.


At 506, the generated request an associated metadata may be transmitted to the located one or more reflector devices. In accordance with an embodiment, the second RF device 104 may be configured to transmit the generated request and associated metadata to the one or more reflector devices 106 via the first antenna array 302A.


At 508, a plurality of beams of RF signals may be received. In accordance with an embodiment, the second RF device 104 may receive the plurality of beams from the one or more reflector devices 106 via the second antenna array 302B. In accordance with an embodiment, the second antenna array 302B may be configured to receive a beam of RF signals from only the first programmable AR device 108. In accordance with another embodiment, the second antenna array 302B may be configured to receive a plurality of beams of RF signals from the multiple reflector devices.


At 510, the received plurality of beams of RF signals may be combined for signal cancellation. In accordance with an embodiment, the programmable antenna 304 in the second antenna array 302B, in conjunction with similar one or more programmable antennas as described in FIG. 2, may be configured to combine the received plurality of beams of RF signals, and based on destructive interference, generate a null space in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device 104.


Various embodiments of the disclosure may provide a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer implemented instruction that when executed by a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device in an RF device network, execute operations in the programmable AR device, such as first programmable AR device 108, may receive a request and associated metadata from the second RF device, such as second RF device 104, via a first antenna array. Based on the received request and associated metadata, one or more antenna control signals may be received from the first RF device, such as the first RF device 102. The programmable AR device may be dynamically selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria. A controlled plurality of RF signals may be transmitted, via a second antenna array, to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device based on the associated metadata. The controlled plurality of RF signals may be cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.


While various embodiments described in the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. It is to be understood that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition to using hardware (e.g., within or coupled to a central processing unit (“CPU” or processor), microprocessor, micro controller, digital signal processor, processor core, system on chip (“SOC”) or any other device), implementations may also be embodied in software (e.g. computer readable code, program code, and/or instructions disposed in any form, such as source, object or machine language) disposed for example in a non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store the software. Such software can enable, for example, the function, fabrication, modeling, simulation, description and/or testing of the apparatus and methods describe herein. For example, this can be accomplished through the use of general program languages (e.g., C, C++), hardware description languages (HDL) including Verilog HDL, VHDL, and so on, or other available programs. Such software can be disposed in any known non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as semiconductor, magnetic disc, or optical disc (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc.). The software can also be disposed as computer data embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable transmission medium (e.g., solid state memory any other non-transitory medium including digital, optical, analogue-based medium, such as removable storage media). Embodiments of the present disclosure may include methods of providing the apparatus described herein by providing software describing the apparatus and subsequently transmitting the software as a computer data signal over a communication network including the internet and intranets.


It is to be further understood that the system described herein may be included in a semiconductor intellectual property core, such as a microprocessor core (e.g., embodied in HDL) and transformed to hardware in the production of integrated circuits. Additionally, the system described herein may be embodied as a combination of hardware and software. Thus, the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims
  • 1. A system, comprising: one or more circuits in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, wherein the one or more circuits are configured to: receive a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a receiver antenna array, wherein the request is based on a detected presence of noise that exceeds a threshold noise level;receive one or more antenna control signals from the first RF device based on the received request and associated metadata,wherein the programmable AR device is selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria; andtransmit, via a transmitter antenna array, a controlled plurality of RF signals based on the associated metadata to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device,wherein the controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.
  • 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the associated metadata comprises at least a specified direction and a specified location of the second RF device.
  • 3. The system according to claim 2, the one or more circuits are further configured to generate a null space in the specified direction and the specified location based on destructive interference of the controlled plurality of RF signals, wherein the null space in the specified direction and the specified location is generated based on the associated metadata.
  • 4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the cancellation of the controlled plurality of RF signals in the specified direction and at the specified location of the second RF device corresponds to phase cancellation of the controlled plurality of RF signals.
  • 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more circuits are further configured to perform beam forming and beam steering based on adjustment of one or more signal parameters on an inbound plurality of RF signals.
  • 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the set of criteria for the control of the programmable AR device corresponds to at least one of a location of the programmable AR device, a relative distance of the programmable AR device with respect to the second RF device, a type of one or more physical obstructing objects, and one or more parameters measured at the programmable AR device, wherein the one or more parameters correspond to at least an antenna gain, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), a carrier-to-noise (CNR), or a carrier-to-interference-and-noise ratio (CINR).
  • 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the controlled plurality of RF signals comprises one or more beams of RF signals.
  • 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein receiver antenna array and the transmitter antenna array are isolated based on dual-polarization.
  • 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the programmable AR device is integrated in a package of a plurality of antenna modules.
  • 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the programmable AR device is on a printed circuit board on which a plurality of antenna modules of the programmable AR device is mounted.
  • 11. A system, comprising: a plurality of circuits in a first radio frequency (RF) device, wherein the plurality of circuits are configured to:control a plurality of reflector devices, comprising at least an active reflector device, based on a set of criteria,wherein the controlled plurality of reflector devices transmit a plurality of RF signals in a specified direction and a specified location of a second RF device within transmission range of the controlled plurality of reflector devices,wherein the plurality of RF signals are transmitted in the specified direction and the specified location of a second RF device based on a request for signal cancellation,wherein the request for the signal cancellation is based on a detected presence of noise that exceeds a threshold noise level, andwherein the plurality of RF signals are cancelled in the specified direction and the specified location of the second RF device.
  • 12. A system, comprising: one or more circuits in a radio frequency (RF) device, wherein the one or more circuits are configured to: locate at least one programmable active reflector (AR) device based on a generated request for signal cancellation,wherein the programmable AR device is dynamically controlled by another RF device based on a set of criteria;transmit the generated request and associated metadata to the located at least one programmable AR device, via a first antenna array;receive a controlled plurality of RF signals in a specified direction and a specified location of the RF device, via a second antenna array, within a transmission range of the programmable AR device, wherein the plurality of RF signals are cancelled in the specified direction and the location of the RF device.
  • 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein first antenna array and the second antenna array are isolated based on dual-polarization.
  • 14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instruction that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute instructions, comprising: in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device:receiving a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a first antenna array, wherein the request is based on a detected presence of noise that exceeds a threshold noise level;receiving one or more antenna control signals from the first RF device based on the received request and associated metadata, wherein the programmable AR device is selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria; andtransmitting, via a second antenna array, a controlled plurality of RF signals based on the associated metadata to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device, wherein the controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.
  • 15. A system, comprising: one or more circuits in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, wherein the one or more circuits are configured to: receive a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a receiver antenna array;receive one or more antenna control signals from the first RF device based on the received request and associated metadata,wherein the associated metadata comprises at least a specified direction and a specified location of the second RF device, andwherein the programmable AR device is selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria; andtransmit, via a transmitter antenna array, a controlled plurality of RF signals based on the associated metadata to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device,wherein the controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata; andgenerate a null space in the specified direction and the specified location based on destructive interference of the controlled plurality of RF signals, wherein the null space in the specified direction and the specified location is generated based on the associated metadata.
  • 16. A system, comprising: one or more circuits in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, wherein the one or more circuits are configured to: receive a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a receiver antenna array;receive one or more antenna control signals from the first RF device based on the received request and associated metadata,wherein the associated metadata comprises at least a specified direction and a specified location of the second RF device, andwherein the programmable AR device is selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria; andtransmit, via a transmitter antenna array, a controlled plurality of RF signals based on the associated metadata to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device,wherein the controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata, andwherein the cancellation of the controlled plurality of RF signals in the specified direction and at the specified location of the second RF device corresponds to phase cancellation of the controlled plurality of RF signals.
  • 17. A system, comprising: one or more circuits in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, wherein the one or more circuits are configured to: receive a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a receiver antenna array;receive one or more antenna control signals from the first RF device based on the received request and associated metadata,wherein the associated metadata comprises at least a specified direction and a specified location of the second RF device, andwherein the programmable AR device is selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria,wherein the set of criteria for the control of the programmable AR device corresponds to at least one of a location of the programmable AR device, a relative distance of the programmable AR device with respect to the second RF device, a type of one or more physical obstructing objects, and one or more parameters measured at the programmable AR device, wherein the one or more parameters correspond to at least an antenna gain, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), a carrier-to-noise (CNR), or a carrier-to-interference-and-noise ratio (CINR); andtransmit, via a transmitter antenna array, a controlled plurality of RF signals based on the associated metadata to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device,wherein the controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.
US Referenced Citations (260)
Number Name Date Kind
5473602 McKenna et al. Dec 1995 A
5561850 Makitalo et al. Oct 1996 A
5598173 Forti et al. Jan 1997 A
5666124 Chethik et al. Sep 1997 A
5771017 Dean et al. Jun 1998 A
5905473 Taenzer May 1999 A
5940033 Locher Aug 1999 A
6018316 Rudish et al. Jan 2000 A
6307502 Marti-Canales et al. Oct 2001 B1
6405018 Reudink et al. Jun 2002 B1
6433920 Welch et al. Aug 2002 B1
6456252 Goyette Sep 2002 B1
6577631 Keenan et al. Jun 2003 B1
6718159 Sato Apr 2004 B1
6804491 Uesugi Oct 2004 B1
6992622 Chiang et al. Jan 2006 B1
7020482 Medvedev et al. Mar 2006 B2
7058367 Luo et al. Jun 2006 B1
7187949 Chang et al. Mar 2007 B2
7206294 Garahi et al. Apr 2007 B2
7248841 Agee et al. Jul 2007 B2
7339979 Kelkar Mar 2008 B1
7363058 Gustaf Apr 2008 B2
7424225 Elliott Sep 2008 B1
7574236 Mansour Aug 2009 B1
7636573 Walton et al. Dec 2009 B2
7911985 Proctor, Jr. et al. Mar 2011 B2
7920889 Hoshino et al. Apr 2011 B2
7986742 Ketchum et al. Jul 2011 B2
8014366 Wax et al. Sep 2011 B2
8121235 Sun et al. Feb 2012 B1
8190102 Rofougaran May 2012 B2
8228188 Key et al. Jul 2012 B2
8314736 Moshfeghi Nov 2012 B2
8385305 Negus et al. Feb 2013 B1
8385452 Gorokhov Feb 2013 B2
8457798 Hackett Jun 2013 B2
8482462 Komijani et al. Jul 2013 B2
8570988 Wallace et al. Oct 2013 B2
8588193 Ho et al. Nov 2013 B1
8644262 Sun et al. Feb 2014 B1
8654815 Forenza et al. Feb 2014 B1
8744513 Chen et al. Jun 2014 B2
8885628 Palanki et al. Nov 2014 B2
9037094 Moshfeghi May 2015 B2
9065515 Pezennec et al. Jun 2015 B2
9225482 Moshfeghi Dec 2015 B2
9252908 Branlund Feb 2016 B1
9456354 Branlund Sep 2016 B2
9686060 Moshfeghi Jun 2017 B2
9698948 Moshfeghi Jul 2017 B2
9787103 Leabman Oct 2017 B1
9829563 Xiao et al. Nov 2017 B2
10069555 Islam et al. Sep 2018 B2
10090887 Rofougaran et al. Oct 2018 B1
10277370 Moshfeghi Apr 2019 B2
10320090 Zou et al. Jun 2019 B2
10348371 Rofougaran et al. Jul 2019 B2
10560179 Gharavi et al. Feb 2020 B2
10587313 Yoon et al. Mar 2020 B2
10666326 Rofougaran et al. May 2020 B2
20020034958 Oberschmidt Mar 2002 A1
20020132600 Rudrapatna Sep 2002 A1
20020193074 Squibbs Dec 2002 A1
20030012208 Bemheim et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030090418 Howell May 2003 A1
20030129989 Gholmieh et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030236109 Nagata Dec 2003 A1
20040077379 Smith et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040082356 Walton et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040095907 Agee et al. May 2004 A1
20040110469 Judd et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040116129 Wilson Jun 2004 A1
20040127174 Frank et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040166808 Hasegawa et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040204114 Brennan et al. Oct 2004 A1
20050048964 Cohen et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050069252 Hwang et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050134517 Gottl Jun 2005 A1
20050136943 Banerjee Jun 2005 A1
20050181755 Hoshino et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050232216 Webster et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050237971 Skraparlis Oct 2005 A1
20050243756 Cleveland et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050270227 Stephens Dec 2005 A1
20060063494 Zhang et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060246922 Gasbarro et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060267839 Vaskelainen et al. Nov 2006 A1
20070001924 Hirabayashi Jan 2007 A1
20070040025 Goel et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070052519 Talty et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070066254 Tsuchie et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070100548 Small May 2007 A1
20070116012 Chang et al. May 2007 A1
20070160014 Larsson Jul 2007 A1
20070280310 Muenter et al. Dec 2007 A1
20080025208 Chan Jan 2008 A1
20080026763 Rensburg et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080076370 Kotecha et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080117961 Han et al. May 2008 A1
20080167049 Karr et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080212582 Zwart et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080225758 Proctor et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080258993 Gummalla et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080261509 Sen Oct 2008 A1
20080303701 Zhang et al. Dec 2008 A1
20080315944 Brown Dec 2008 A1
20090009392 Jacomb-Hood et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090010215 Kim et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090028120 Lee Jan 2009 A1
20090029645 Leroudier Jan 2009 A1
20090093265 Kimura et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090156227 Frerking et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090195455 Kim et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090224137 Hoermann Sep 2009 A1
20090233545 Sutskover et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090296846 Maru Dec 2009 A1
20090325479 Chakrabarti et al. Dec 2009 A1
20100042881 Wong Feb 2010 A1
20100046655 Lee et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100080197 Kanellakis et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100090898 Gallagher et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100105403 Lennartson et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100117890 Vook et al. May 2010 A1
20100124895 Martin et al. May 2010 A1
20100136922 Rofougaran Jun 2010 A1
20100149039 Komijani et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100167639 Ranson et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100172309 Forenza et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100208776 Song et al. Aug 2010 A1
20100220012 Reede Sep 2010 A1
20100266061 Cheng et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100273504 Bull et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100284446 Mu et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100291918 Suzuki et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100304680 Kuffner et al. Dec 2010 A1
20100304770 Wietfeldt et al. Dec 2010 A1
20100328157 Culkin et al. Dec 2010 A1
20110002410 Forenza et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110003610 Key et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110045764 Maruyama et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110063181 Walker Mar 2011 A1
20110069773 Doron et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110081875 Imamura et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110105032 Maruhashi et al. May 2011 A1
20110105167 Pan et al. May 2011 A1
20110136478 Trigui Jun 2011 A1
20110140954 Fortuny-Guasch Jun 2011 A1
20110142104 Coldrey et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110149835 Shimada et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110164510 Zheng et al. Jul 2011 A1
20110190005 Cheon et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110194504 Gorokhov et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110212684 Nam et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110222616 Jiang et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110268037 Fujimoto Nov 2011 A1
20110299441 Petrovic Dec 2011 A1
20120034924 Kalhan Feb 2012 A1
20120057508 Moshfeghi Mar 2012 A1
20120082070 Hart et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120082072 Shen Apr 2012 A1
20120083207 Rofougaran et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120083225 Rofougaran et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120083233 Rofougaran et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120083306 Rofougaran et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120093209 Schmidt et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120120884 Yu et al. May 2012 A1
20120129543 Patel et al. May 2012 A1
20120131650 Gutt et al. May 2012 A1
20120149300 Forster Jun 2012 A1
20120184203 Tulino et al. Jul 2012 A1
20120194385 Schmidt et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120206299 Valdes-Garcia Aug 2012 A1
20120230274 Xiao et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120238202 Kim et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120250659 Sambhwani Oct 2012 A1
20120257516 Pazhyannur et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120259547 Morlock et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120314570 Forenza et al. Dec 2012 A1
20130027240 Chowdhury Jan 2013 A1
20130027250 Chen Jan 2013 A1
20130040558 Kazmi Feb 2013 A1
20130044028 Lea et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130057447 Pivit et al. Mar 2013 A1
20130089123 Rahul et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130094439 Moshfeghi Apr 2013 A1
20130094522 Moshfeghi Apr 2013 A1
20130094544 Moshfeghi Apr 2013 A1
20130095747 Moshfeghi Apr 2013 A1
20130095770 Moshfeghi Apr 2013 A1
20130095874 Moshfeghi Apr 2013 A1
20130114468 Hui et al. May 2013 A1
20130155891 Dinan Jun 2013 A1
20130272220 Li et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130272437 Eidson et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130286962 Heath, Jr. et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130287139 Zhu et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130322561 Abreu et al. Dec 2013 A1
20130324055 Kludt et al. Dec 2013 A1
20130343235 Khan Dec 2013 A1
20140003338 Rahul et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140010319 Baik et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140016573 Nuggehalli et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140035731 Chan et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140044041 Moshfeghi Feb 2014 A1
20140044042 Moshfeghi Feb 2014 A1
20140044043 Moshfeghi et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140045478 Moshfeghi Feb 2014 A1
20140045541 Moshfeghi et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140072078 Sergeyev et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140125539 Katipally et al. May 2014 A1
20140161018 Chang et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140198696 Li et al. Jul 2014 A1
20140241296 Shattil Aug 2014 A1
20140266866 Swirhun et al. Sep 2014 A1
20150003307 Moshfeghi et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150011160 Jurgovan et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150031407 Moshfeghi Jan 2015 A1
20150042744 Ralston et al. Feb 2015 A1
20150091706 Chemishkian et al. Apr 2015 A1
20150123496 Leabman et al. May 2015 A1
20150229133 Reynolds et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150303950 Shattil Oct 2015 A1
20150318897 Hyde et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150318905 Moshfeghi et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150341098 Angeletti et al. Nov 2015 A1
20160014613 Ponnampalam et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160054440 Younis Feb 2016 A1
20160094092 Davlantes et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160094318 Shattil Mar 2016 A1
20160192400 Sohn et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160203347 Bartholomew et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160211905 Moshfeghi et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160219567 Gil et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160285481 Cohen Sep 2016 A1
20170026218 Shattil Jan 2017 A1
20170078897 Duan et al. Mar 2017 A1
20170126374 Moshfeghi et al. May 2017 A1
20170156069 Moshfeghi et al. Jun 2017 A1
20170201437 Balakrishnan et al. Jul 2017 A1
20170212208 Baek et al. Jul 2017 A1
20170237290 Bakker et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170257155 Liang et al. Sep 2017 A1
20170264014 Le-Ngoc Sep 2017 A1
20170288727 Rappaport Oct 2017 A1
20170324480 Elmirghani et al. Nov 2017 A1
20170332249 Guey et al. Nov 2017 A1
20170339625 Stapleton Nov 2017 A1
20170353338 Amadjikpe et al. Dec 2017 A1
20180026586 Carbone et al. Jan 2018 A1
20180041270 Buer et al. Feb 2018 A1
20180048390 Palmer et al. Feb 2018 A1
20180090992 Shrivastava et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180115305 Islam et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180220416 Islam et al. Aug 2018 A1
20190089434 Rainish et al. Mar 2019 A1
20190230626 Rune et al. Jul 2019 A1
20190319754 Moshfeghi Oct 2019 A1
20190319755 Moshfeghi Oct 2019 A1
20190319756 Moshfeghi Oct 2019 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (2)
Number Date Country
1890441 Mar 2013 EP
2016115545 Oct 2016 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (162)
Entry
Baggett, Benjamin M.W. Optimization of Aperiodically Spaced Phased Arrays for Wideband Applications. MS Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2011. pp. 1-137.
K. Han and K. Huang, “Wirelessly Powered Backscatter Communication networks: Modeling, Coverage and Capacity,” Apr. 9, 2016, Arxiv.com.
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 15/432,091 dated Nov. 22, 2017.
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 15/432,091 dated Apr. 11, 2018.
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 15/835,971 dated May 29, 2018.
Shimin Gong et al., “Backscatter Relay Communications Powered by Wireless Energy Beamforming,” IEEE Trans. on Communication, 2018.
Corrected Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 15/607,743 dated Apr. 3, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 16/111,326 dated Mar. 1, 2019.
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 15/607,743 dated Jan. 22, 2019.
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 15/834,894 dated Feb. 20, 2019.
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521 dated Mar. 20, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/031,007 dated Jul. 8, 2019.
Ex Parte Quayle Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/032,668 dated Jul. 10, 2019.
Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,423 dated Jul. 15, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowability for U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521 dated May 6, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/607,743 dated May 10, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521 dated Jun. 21, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521 dated May 10, 2019.
USPTO Miscellaneous communication for U.S. Appl. No. 15/834,894 dated Apr. 19, 2019.
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 15/835,971 dated Jul. 23, 2018.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/382,386 dated Dec. 30, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/616,911 dated Oct. 31, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/616,911 dated Dec. 12, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521 dated Jan. 8, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/031,007 dated Oct. 22, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/032,617 dated Jan. 9, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/032,617 dated Oct. 28, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/032,668 dated Dec. 30, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,423 dated Nov. 7, 2019.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/125,757 dated Dec. 2, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/388,043 dated Dec. 27, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/294,025 dated Jan. 13, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,919 dated Oct. 25, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,423 dated Nov. 27, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/016,619 dated Sep. 25, 2018.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/031,007 dated Sep. 16, 2019.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,180 dated Jun. 11, 2014.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/031,007 dated Aug. 5, 2019.
Examiner's Answer to Appeal Brief for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,144 dated Jul. 26, 2017.
Examiner's Answer to Appeal Brief for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,160 dated Dec. 24, 2015.
Examiner's Answer to Appeal Brief for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,932 dated Jan. 10, 2017.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,144 dated Jul. 28, 2016.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,144 dated Aug. 14, 2014.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,932 dated Oct. 23, 2015.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,972 dated Jan. 21, 2016.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/940,130 dated Oct. 14, 2016.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,413 dated Aug. 13, 2019.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. dated Oct. 22, 2014.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International Patent PCT/US2012/058839, 5 pages, dated Apr. 22, 2014.
List of References and considered by Applicant for U.S. Appl. No. 14/325,218 dated Apr. 21, 2017.
Misc Communication from USPTO for U.S. Appl. No. 16/382,386 dated Oct. 8, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,083 dated Mar. 3, 2014.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,096 dated Apr. 23, 2014.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,096 dated Dec. 9, 2013.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,096 dated Nov. 3, 2014.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,105 dated Nov. 25, 2013.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,113 dated Oct. 2, 2014.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,144 dated Feb. 6, 2014.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,144 dated Feb. 9, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,144 dated Oct. 7, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,160 dated Jan. 15, 2014.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,180 dated Sep. 12, 2013.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,922 dated Jan. 30, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,932 dated Feb. 6, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,958 dated Jan. 5, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,967 dated Feb. 9, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,972 dated Jun. 4, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/455,859 dated Nov. 13, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/709,136 dated Sep. 28, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/813,058 dated Jun. 10, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/940,130 dated Apr. 6, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/980,281 dated Apr. 20, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/980,338 dated Mar. 14, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/229,135 dated Dec. 21, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/372,417 dated May 3, 2018.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/441,209 dated Jul. 3, 2018.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,940 dated Nov. 17, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/616,911 dated Jan. 3, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/706,759 dated Jun. 12, 2018.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/893,626 dated Jun. 12, 2018.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/101,044 dated Dec. 26, 2018.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/125,757 dated Aug. 9, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,413 dated Feb. 4, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,423 dated Feb. 4, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/231,903 dated Sep. 18, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/294,025 dated Sep. 12, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/377,980 dated Aug. 21, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,544 dated Sep. 18, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,083 dated Jan. 7, 2015.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/032,668 dated Sep. 20, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,096 dated Apr. 17, 2015.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,105 dated Jun. 10, 2014.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,113 dated Aug. 10, 2015.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,160 dated May 25, 2017.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,180 dated May 1, 2014.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,922 dated Oct. 27, 2015.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,932 dated Feb. 28, 2018.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,958 dated Sep. 2, 2015.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,967 dated Jul. 29, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,972 dated Dec. 20, 2016.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/325,218 dated Dec. 19, 2016.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/455,859 dated Apr. 20, 2016.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/709,136 dated Feb. 16, 2017.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/813,058 dated Nov. 7, 2016.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/940,130 dated Feb. 1, 2017.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/980,281 dated Feb. 7, 2017.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/980,338 dated Feb. 22, 2018.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/229,135 dated May 22, 2018.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/372,417 dated Dec. 7, 2018.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/441,209 dated Dec. 28, 2018.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/472,148 dated Dec. 10, 2018.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,919 dated Jun. 5, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,940 dated May 1, 2018.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/616,911 dated Jul. 24, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521 dated Sep. 20, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/111,326 dated Oct. 10, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,423 dated Jul. 15, 2019.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/382,386 dated Jul. 24, 2019.
Patent Board Decision—Examiner Affirmed for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,144 dated Jun. 4, 2018.
Patent Board Decision—Examiner Affirmed in Part for U.S. Appl. No. 13/473,160 dated Feb. 21, 2017.
Patent Board Decision—Examiner Reversed for U.S. Appl. No. 13/919,932 dated Dec. 19, 2017.
Restriction Requirement for U.S. Appl. No. 15/893,626 dated Aug. 12, 2016.
Corrected Notice of Allowability for U.S. Appl. No. 16/111,326 dated Mar. 9, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/616,911 dated Jan. 24, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/904,521 dated Mar. 12, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/032,668 dated Mar. 23, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/111,326 dated Apr. 23, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,423 dated Jan. 23, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/382,386 dated Feb. 6, 2020.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/377,980 dated Mar. 4, 2020.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/388,043 dated Apr. 15, 2020.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,544 dated Feb. 12, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/125,757 dated Mar. 23, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,413 dated Feb. 12, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/364,956 dated Apr. 10, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action U.S. Appl. No. 16/377,847 dated Apr. 20, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/666,680 dated Feb. 19, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/231,903 dated Mar. 24, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/377,980 dated Apr. 14, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,544 dated Apr. 9, 2020.
Supplemental Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/032,668 dated Feb. 14, 2020.
Supplemental Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/129,423 dated Mar. 3, 2020.
Supplemental Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/294,025 dated Mar. 25, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/256,222 dated Apr. 3, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/256,222 dated Mar. 21, 2019.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/256,222 dated Aug. 27, 2018.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/256,222 dated Oct. 4, 2019.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/125,757 dated Jul. 15, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowability for U.S. Appl. No. 15/256,222 dated Jul. 10, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,544 dated May 13, 2020.
Corrected Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/294,025 dated May 18, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/153,735 dated Jul. 2, 2020.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/377,847 dated Jul. 13, 2020.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/666,680 dated Jun. 29, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/684,789 dated Jul. 10, 2020.
Supplemental Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/231,903 dated Apr. 30, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/153,735 dated May 13, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/675,290 dated Apr. 30, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 16/819,388 dated Jul. 2, 2020.
Supplemental Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 16/231,903 dated Jul. 1, 2020.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/607,750 dated Jun. 1, 2020.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20190181560 A1 Jun 2019 US