Continuously variable transmissions (CVT) and transmissions that are substantially continuously variable are increasingly gaining acceptance in various applications. The process of controlling the ratio provided by the CVT is complicated by the continuously variable or minute gradations in ratio presented by the CVT. Furthermore, the range of ratios that may be implemented in a CVT may not be sufficient for some applications. A transmission may implement a combination of a CVT with one or more additional CVT stages, one or more fixed ratio range splitters, or some combination thereof in order to extend the range of available ratios. The combination of a CVT with one or more additional stages further complicates the ratio control process, as the transmission may have multiple configurations that achieve the same final drive ratio. The different transmission configurations can, for example, multiply input torque across the different transmission stages in different manners to achieve the same final drive ratio. However, some configurations provide more flexibility or better efficiency than other configurations providing the same final drive ratio.
The criteria for optimizing transmission control may be different for different applications of the same transmission. For example, the criteria for optimizing control of a transmission for fuel efficiency may differ based on the type of prime mover applying input torque to the transmission. Furthermore, for a given transmission and prime mover pair, the criteria for optimizing control of the transmission may differ depending on whether fuel efficiency or performance is being optimized.
Provided herein a computer-implemented system for a vehicle having an engine coupled to an infinitely variable transmission having a ball-planetary variator (CVP), the computer-implemented system comprising: a digital processing device comprising an operating system configured to perform executable instructions and a memory device; a computer program including instructions executable by the digital processing, the computer program comprising a software module configured to manage a plurality of operating conditions of the vehicle; a plurality of sensors comprising: a vehicle speed sensor configured to sense a vehicle speed; an engine throttle position sensor configured to sense an engine throttle position; an accelerator pedal position sensor configured to sense an accelerator pedal position; a performance mode button configured to sense an operator's request for a performance mode; wherein the software module includes a plurality of calibration maps, each calibration map storing values of a target CVP speed ratio based on any one of the vehicle speed, the engine throttle position, the accelerator pedal position, and the performance mode. In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a first calibration map corresponds to a stepped shift mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a second calibration map corresponds to a performance mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a third calibration map corresponds to an economy mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map comprises discrete speed ratios for a range of accelerator pedal position signal values.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map comprises discrete speed ratios for a range of engine throttle position signal values.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the CVP shift control module is adapted to switch between the engine throttle position signal and the accelerator pedal signal as an input to each calibration map.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map contains five discrete speed ratio values for a range of accelerator pedal position signal values.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map contains five discrete speed ratio values for a range of engine throttle pedal position signal values.
Provided herein is a computer-implemented system for a vehicle having an engine coupled to an infinitely variable transmission having a ball-planetary variator (CVP), the computer-implemented system comprising: a digital processing device comprising an operating system configured to perform executable instructions and a memory device; a computer program including instructions executable by the digital processing device, the computer program comprising a software module configured to manage a plurality of vehicle driving conditions; a plurality of sensors comprising: a vehicle speed sensor configured to sense a vehicle speed, an accelerator pedal position sensor configured to sense an accelerator pedal position, a performance mode switch configured to sense a driver's request for a performance mode, wherein the software module includes a plurality of calibration maps, each calibration map storing values of a target CVP speed ratio based at least in part on the vehicle speed, the accelerator pedal position, and the performance mode.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a first calibration map corresponds to a stepped shift mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a second calibration map corresponds to a performance mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a third calibration map corresponds to an economy mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map comprises discrete speed ratios for a range of accelerator pedal position signal values.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map contains five discrete speed ratio values for a range of accelerator pedal position signal values.
Provided herein is a computer-implemented system for a vehicle having an engine coupled to an infinitely variable transmission having a ball-planetary variator (CVP), the computer-implemented system comprising: a digital processing device comprising an operating system configured to perform executable instructions and a memory device; a computer program including instructions executable by the digital processing device, the computer program comprising a software module configured to manage a plurality of vehicle driving conditions; a plurality of sensors comprising: a vehicle speed sensor configured to sense a vehicle speed, an engine throttle position sensor configured to sense an engine throttle position, a performance mode switch configured to sense a driver's request for a performance mode, wherein the software module includes a plurality of calibration maps, each calibration map storing values of a target CVP speed ratio based on the vehicle speed, the engine throttle position, and the performance mode.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a first calibration map corresponds to a stepped shift mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a second calibration map corresponds to a performance mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, a third calibration map corresponds to an economy mode of operating the transmission.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map comprises discrete speed ratios for a range of engine throttle position signal values.
In some embodiments of the computer-implemented system, the first calibration map contains five discrete speed ratio values for a range of engine throttle position signal values.
All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
An electronic controller is described herein that enables electronic control over a variable ratio transmission having a continuously variable ratio portion, such as a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT), or variator. The electronic controller is configured to receive input signals indicative of parameters associated with an engine coupled to the transmission. The parameters includes throttle position sensor values, accelerator pedal position sensor values, vehicle speed, gear selector position, user-selectable mode configurations, and the like, or some combination thereof. The electronic controller also receives one or more control inputs. The electronic controller determines an active range and an active variator mode based on the input signals and control inputs. The electronic controller controls a final drive ratio of the variable ratio transmission by controlling one or more electronic actuators and/or solenoids that control the ratios of one or more portions of the variable ratio transmission.
The electronic controller described herein is described in the context of a continuous variable transmission, such as the continuous variable transmission of the type described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/425,842, entitled “3-Mode Front Wheel Drive And Rear Wheel Drive Continuously Variable Planetary Transmission,”, U.S. Patent Application No. 62/158,847, each assigned to the assignee of the present application and hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. However, the electronic controller is not limited to controlling a particular type of transmission but optionally configured to control any of several types of variable ratio transmissions.
Provided herein are configurations of CVTs based on ball type variators, also known as CVP, for continuously variable planetary. Basic concepts of a ball type Continuously Variable Transmissions are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,469,856 and 8,870,711 incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Such a CVT, adapted herein as described throughout this specification, comprises a number of balls (planets, spheres) 1, depending on the application, two ring (disc) assemblies with a conical surface contact with the balls, as input 2 and output 3, and an idler (sun) assembly 4 as shown on
The working principle of such a CVP of
As used here, the terms “operationally connected,” “operationally coupled”, “operationally linked”, “operably connected”, “operably coupled”, “operably linked,” and like terms, refer to a relationship (mechanical, linkage, coupling, etc.) between elements whereby operation of one element results in a corresponding, following, or simultaneous operation or actuation of a second element. It is noted that in using said terms to describe inventive embodiments, specific structures or mechanisms that link or couple the elements are typically described. However, unless otherwise specifically stated, when one of said terms is used, the term indicates that the actual linkage or coupling may take a variety of forms, which in certain instances will be readily apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the relevant technology.
For description purposes, the term “radial” is used here to indicate a direction or position that is perpendicular relative to a longitudinal axis of a transmission or variator. The term “axial” as used here refers to a direction or position along an axis that is parallel to a main or longitudinal axis of a transmission or variator. For clarity and conciseness, at times similar components labeled similarly (for example, bearing 1011A and bearing 1011B) will be referred to collectively by a single label (for example, bearing 1011).
It should be noted that reference herein to “traction” does not exclude applications where the dominant or exclusive mode of power transfer is through “friction.” Without attempting to establish a categorical difference between traction and friction drives here, generally these may be understood as different regimes of power transfer. Traction drives usually involve the transfer of power between two elements by shear forces in a thin fluid layer trapped between the elements. The fluids used in these applications usually exhibit traction coefficients greater than conventional mineral oils. The traction coefficient (μ) represents the maximum available traction forces which would be available at the interfaces of the contacting components and is a measure of the maximum available drive torque. Typically, friction drives generally relate to transferring power between two elements by frictional forces between the elements. For the purposes of this disclosure, it should be understood that the CVTs described here may operate in both tractive and frictional applications. As a general matter, the traction coefficient μ is a function of the traction fluid properties, the normal force at the contact area, and the velocity of the traction fluid in the contact area, among other things. For a given traction fluid, the traction coefficient μ increases with increasing relative velocities of components, until the traction coefficient μ reaches a maximum capacity after which the traction coefficient μ decays. The condition of exceeding the maximum capacity of the traction fluid is often referred to as “gross slip condition”.
As used herein, “creep”, “ratio droop”, or “slip” is the discrete local motion of a body relative to another and is exemplified by the relative velocities of rolling contact components such as the mechanism described herein. In traction drives, the transfer of power from a driving element to a driven element via a traction interface requires creep. Usually, creep in the direction of power transfer is referred to as “creep in the rolling direction.” Sometimes the driving and driven elements experience creep in a direction orthogonal to the power transfer direction, in such a case this component of creep is referred to as “transverse creep.”
For description purposes, the terms “prime mover”, “engine,” and like terms, are used herein to indicate a power source. Said power source may be fueled by energy sources comprising hydrocarbon, electrical, biomass, nuclear, solar, geothermal, hydraulic, pneumatic, and/or wind to name but a few. Although typically described in a vehicle or automotive application, one skilled in the art will recognize the broader applications for this technology and the use of alternative power sources for driving a transmission comprising this technology.
Those of skill will recognize that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein, including with reference to the transmission control system described herein, for example, may be implemented as electronic hardware, software stored on a computer readable medium and executable by a processor, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention. For example, various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Software associated with such modules may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other suitable form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor reads information from, and writes information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. For example, in one embodiment, a controller for use of control of the IVT comprises a processor (not shown).
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In one embodiment, the CVP shift control sub-module 200 passes the APP signal 202 to a comparison block 210 where the APP signal 202 is compared to a calibration variable 212. The calibration variable 212 is read from memory and is indicative of an accelerator pedal position threshold. The comparison block 210 determines if the APP signal 202 is above the value of the calibration variable 212. The resulting comparison made in comparison block 210 is passed to a switch block 214. The switch block 214 will switch between two values based on the result of the comparison block 210. For example, if the APP signal 202 is greater than the calibration value 212, the comparison block 210 passes a true, or a 1, signal to the switch block 214. The switch block 214 passes a value indicative of a request for a stepped shift mode. If the APP signal 202 is less than the calibration value 212, the comparison block 210 passes a false, or a 0, signal to the switch block 214. The switch block 214 passes the performance command signal 208. The value passed from the switch block 214 is received at a switch block 216. The switch block 216 evaluates the value passed from the switch block 214 to determine which value to pass out of the switch.
For example, the switch block 216 receives an input from a first calibration map 218. The first calibration map 218 is configured to store calibration values for speed ratio based on the vehicle speed signal 206 and either the APP signal 202 or the throttle position signal 204. The first calibration map 218 corresponds to a stepped shift mode of operating the transmission. In some embodiments, the first calibration map 218 is configured to store calibration values for speed ratio based on other signals indicative of vehicle operation, for example, CVP input speed, transmission output speed, among others.
The switch block 216 receives an input from a second calibration map 219. The second calibration map 219 is configured to store calibration values for speed ratio based on the vehicle speed signal 206 and either the APP signal 202 or the throttle position signal 204. The second calibration map 219 corresponds to a performance mode of operating the transmission, namely with a smooth transition between CVP ratios or clutch engagement events. In some embodiments, the second calibration map 219 is configured to store calibration values for speed ratio based on other signals indicative of vehicle operation, for example, CVP input speed, transmission output speed, among others.
The switch block 216 receives an input from a third calibration map 220. The third calibration map 220 is configured to store calibration values for speed ratio based on the vehicle speed signal 206 and either the APP signal 202 or the throttle position signal 204. The third calibration map 220 corresponds to an economy mode of operating the transmission, namely a smooth and efficient operation of the transmission. In some embodiments, the third calibration map 220 is configured to store calibration values for speed ratio based on other signals indicative of vehicle operation, for example, CVP input speed, transmission output speed, among others.
The switch block 216 passes a target CVP speed ratio signal 221 as an output signal from the CVP shift control sub-module 200. The target CVP speed ratio signal 221 is further used within the transmission control module 104.
As mentioned previously, the first calibration map 218, the second calibration map 219, and the third calibration map 220 store values for target speed ratio based on the vehicle speed signal 206, the APP signal 202, and/or the throttle position signal 204. In some implementations of the CVP shift control sub-module 200, a selection is optionally made between the use of the APP signal 202 or the throttle position 204 depending upon the value set by a calibration variable 222, for example. The calibration variable 222 is read from memory. In other embodiments, the calibration variable 222 is a signal received from another sub-module in the transmission control module 100 that determines the conditions under which the APP signal 204 is to be used or the throttle position signal 204 is to be used. A switch block 223 receives the calibration variable 222 and passes the appropriate signal to a discrete filter 224. The discrete filter 224 is optionally adjusted by a calibration variable 225.
In one embodiment, the first calibration map 218 is a calibratable step shift map that has 5 discrete CVT speed ratios. The first two are calibrated for aggressive Mode 1 acceleration. The third is chosen to trigger a synchronous mode shift. The fourth is chosen for aggressive Mode 2 acceleration. The fifth is set for full overdrive to allow maximum vehicle speed. The driver perception will be similar to a six speed automatic with six discreet ratios (5 from CVP ratio change and one from Mode shift). The step shift ratio control map is optionally recalibrated for a non-synchronous mode shift strategy. The step shift ratio control map is optionally recalibrated to simulate any number of discrete ratio steps and is not limited to any specific value.
It should be noted that the description above has provided dimensions for certain components or subassemblies. The mentioned dimensions, or ranges of dimensions, are provided in order to comply as best as possible with certain legal requirements, such as best mode. However, the scope of the inventions described herein are to be determined solely by the language of the claims, and consequently, none of the mentioned dimensions is to be considered limiting on the inventive embodiments, except in so far as any one claim makes a specified dimension, or range of thereof, a feature of the claim.
The foregoing description details certain embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated, however, that no matter how detailed the foregoing appears in text, the invention can be practiced in many ways. As is also stated above, it should be noted that the use of particular terminology when describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to including any specific characteristics of the features or aspects of the invention with which that terminology is associated.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/220,023, filed Sep. 17, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62220023 | Sep 2015 | US |