Patent Application
20230246385
The present description relates, in general, to electrical connectors and protective guards for such connectors. More particularly, the description relates to a guard adapted for electrical connectors, such as single-pole connectors used in 3-channel, 5-channel, and other applications.
There are many power distribution applications where it is desirable to run electrical power lines from a power source to one-to-many electrical components. For example, outdoor entertainment applications often require power lines, e.g., 3 to 7 lines or the like to provide the wires or conductors for neutral, ground, and hot, to be run long distances, e.g., 100 to 400 feet or more. To provide such long runs, two or more coils or cables will have to be joined or connected together. For example, a conventional power cable or line may be 50 feet long such that two or more junctions of the lines will be used to obtain the desired longer run. The single conductor, high-current power distribution is often made with five, parallel 4/0 American wire gauge, Type W cables provided in 50-foot segments or coils. Due to their weight, interconnecting each cable may be achieved with a 400 A-rated, single pole connector (e.g., Cam-Lok™ connectors or the like).
The junctions for the set of wires or lines are typically made up of a set of single-pole connectors (or single conductor connectors). These connectors include plugs and receptacles that are adapted to allow workers to quickly connect and disconnect the conductors without tools such as using cam-style single pole connectivity designs. Such junctions or sets of spliced/connected conductors are used extensively as solutions for motors, generators, indoor and outdoor lighting distribution panels, stand-by power, and other power applications. These power junctions need to be implemented to comply with all applicable safety standards, including, in the United States, guarding as defined in the National Electrical Code (NEC), as separating these connectors when they are under full load can result in an arc flash and arc blast that can cause harm to those within several feet of the junction.
One approach used by many is to arrange the runs of power distribution lines to avoid having any junctions in public spaces, but this approach is often not practical or even possible to achieve desired power distribution in outdoor and other large spaces. Another common solution involves setting up physical barriers around each junction or set of single conductor connectors. However, such an approach is not desirable in settings where space is at a premium as the barriers require substantial amounts of physical real estate in which it may be desirable to allow the public to freely move. In some cases, large physical objects are placed over the junctions such as trash containers or a landscaping planter, but this approach also can be problematic as it can use up valuable space and may require special or additional guards or components to meet applicable safety standards. In some cases, the junctions are simply wrapped in cloth or plastic sheeting with or without tape, which often is an unacceptable long term or even short term solution.
Hence, there remains a need for a new guard design for use in protecting connectors used to electrically couple single pole conductors. Preferably, the new guards would be adapted to ensure public safety and would also provide proper enclosures for the connectors to sequester the energy sources and support conventional lock and tagout procedures.
In brief, a conductor connector guard is described that is adapted for enclosing or housing one-to-many junctions between separable connectors. For example, the guard is configured to house separable connectors for 3-channel, 5-channel, or 7-channel power distribution, with some of the embodiments presented being configured to house five pairs of separable connectors, with the connectors taking the form of single-pole conductor connectors in some cases (e.g., Cam-Lok™ connectors or the like).
The guard is designed to comply with safety requirements for power distribution junctions that may be positioned within a public space, such as safety requirements set out in the NEC in the United States. The guard is configured to provide a compact solution when contrasted with prior configurations involving physical barriers around power distribution junctions or involving physical objects such as trash cannisters and planters being placed over junctions. The guard is also adapted to provide enhanced public safety for spliced or joined conductors and to sequester energy sources in public spaces such as with a lock and tag out-type device.
More particularly, an apparatus for guarding a set of connectors used to electrically connect a set of conductors (e.g., single pole cables or conductors). The apparatus or “guard” includes a body and an inner chamber within the body for receiving the connectors. The inner chambre is defined by a planar base, spaced apart first and second sidewalls extending orthogonally from an inner side of the base, a pair of spaced-apart end walls extending from the inner side of the base, and a lid. The lid is pivotally attached to the first sidewall so as to be positionable between an open position, with a side of the lid distal to the second sidewall, and a closed position, with the side of the lid proximate to the second sidewall and with the lid covering the inner chamber. The end walls each includes a plurality of dividers spaced apart from adjacent ones of the dividers to define a set of guide slots therebetween each with a width greater than an outer diameter of each of the conductors.
The body is formed of a nonconductive material such as a solid cast polyurethane. In some embodiments, the width of the guide slots is less than an outer diameter of a body of each of the connectors, whereby the connectors are physically retained when received in the inner chamber by the dividers of the end walls and the lid when in the closed position.
The guard is configured to sequester energy sources, and the lid. In this regard, the lid includes a hasp with a body and at least one hole therethrough, and one of the dividers includes a recessed surface for receiving the body of the hasp when the lid is in the closed position. Also, the divider includes a hole within the recessed surface that aligns with the hole in the body of the hasp when the lid is in the closed position. The apparatus further includes a locking mechanism with a member selectively positionable through both of the holes when the lid is in the closed position, and the locking mechanism is adapted to require a key or a tool to operate to remove the member from the holes and unlock the lid. In some cases, the locking mechanism is a padlock or an assembly including a bolt and a nut.
In some implementations of the guard, the inner chamber has a length of at least two times a length of the body of the connectors. Further, the inner chamber has a depth greater than the outer diameter of each of the conductors. In some exemplary guards, an inner surface of the lid abuts and is physically supported by, when in the closed position, a pair of shelves comprising upper surfaces of the dividers of the end walls. In these and other guard embodiments, the body further includes a pair of ramps each sloping away from one of the first and second sidewalls and the dividers each include an outer sloped portion extending away from the inner chamber at a slope angle matching that of the ramps. In other embodiments of the guards, the first sidewall includes an outer planar surface opposite the inner chamber that extends orthogonally to the base, and the body further includes a ramp sloping away from the second sidewall at a slope angle in the range of 30 to 60 degrees, whereby the apparatus is adapted for positioning against a vertical wall of a physical structure with the outer planar surface of the first sidewall abutting the vertical wall. In these and other embodiments, the lid includes a communication element or region on an outer surface that includes a decal or label providing hazard communications or make and break instructions for the set of connectors.
Briefly, a single conductor connector guard is provided to support use of single conductor, high current, and portable power distribution such as outdoor events, filming sites, and the like. The guard includes a container or housing that is formed of a non-conductive material and that includes a base, two sidewalls, two end walls, and a lid or cover that enclose or define an interior space or inner chamber. The inner chamber is sized and shaped such that ends of pairs of power lines or cables such as single-pole conductors along with connectors affixed to these ends can be wholly received within the container or housing so as to be electrically insulated and protected. The lid or cover may be pivotally attached to one of the sidewalls and mate with a hasp on an opposite sidewall or one of the end walls to allow a padlock or other locking mechanism to be used to lock the guard so as to require a padlock key or tool to gain access. The container or housing would also provide surfaces, such as on an outer side or surface of the lid or cover, for hazard identification and notifications (e.g., safety notifications regarding the connecting and disconnecting order of the connectors as may be required by electrical safety standards or codes).
Advantages of the new conductor connector guard include: (a) electrical junctions or connections can be made in public spaces without additional guarding being required; (b) the guard can be used to provide often required hazard and use notifications to qualified and unqualified personnel; (c) the guard allows for safe methods of device camouflaging such placing trash can on top, wrapping with colored and/or decorative cloths or plastic wrappings, if desired but not as a requirement for guarding as in prior implementations; (d) the connectors are further protected from ultraviolet (UV) and mechanical damage; and (e) the connectors are further protected (e.g., above that required for some electrical applications) against rain, sleet, snow, and external ice formation.
As discussed above, the guard 100 is designed to receive and protect a power junction made up of the pairs of conductors 101 and 102, 103 and 104, 105 and 106, 107 and 108, and 109 and 110, which may be in a connected or mated state or in the disconnected or unmated state shown in the figures. To this end, the guard 100 includes a body 120 with an interior space or inner chamber 121 that may be enclosed or exposed for access to the connectors 101-110 via movement or pivoting, as shown with arrow 131, of the lid or cover 130. For example, as shown, the lid 130 may be pivotally attached to the body 120, such as with a hinge-type mount or the like, along a first edge or side 132 while a second edge or side 134 opposite the first side 132 is able to swing away from the body 120 as shown in
The guard 100 may be configured to house one-to-many pairs of conductor connectors, with 3, 5, and 7 being common in some applications. In
To facilitate connection or mating and disconnection or unmating of the conductors 101-110 together (e.g., to join two runs or coils of such conductors together in an electrically conductive manner), connectors are provided at their ends. This arrangement is shown in
A typical maximum outer diameter of the connectors 112 and 113 may be about 1⅝ inches, and a typical maximum length of the bodies 114, 115 of the connectors 112 and 113 may be about 7 inches. The inner chamber 121 of the body 120 is sized and shaped to fully receive all of connectors 112, 113, which with five pairs would be ten connectors, with the lid 130 in the closed position and with the connectors, such as connector pair 112, 113 being in the open or unmated configuration as shown in
In general, the walls 122, 124, 126, and 128 extend orthogonally from the base 129 (such as vertically with the base 129 placed in a use position with it mating with the ground, a floor, or other horizontal supporting surface) a distance to allow room for the connectors 112, 113. As shown in
Further, the walls 122, 124, 126, and 128 configured to have an adequate width, WChamber, and length, LChamber, to receive all five connector pairs with the connectors arranged as shown in
The chamber length, LChamber, is defined by the spacing between inner surfaces or sides of end walls 126 and 128, and it is chosen to be twice the maximum expected length of the connectors 112, 113 plus an added spacing value to allow the ends 116 and 117 of the bodies 114, 115 to be apart a distance (e.g., 0.5 to 2 inches or the like) when unmated as shown in
As shown, the end walls 126 and 128 are configured to receive and retain a plurality of cables 101-110, with the embodiments being shown able to receive five conductors but it being understood that fewer (e.g., three) or more (e.g., seven) could be received. To this end, as shown with end wall 150, each end wall includes a plurality of dividers or divider walls 150 that are spaced apart from adjacent dividers 150 as distance, WSlot, to define a guide slot or gap 151 between such adjacent pairs. The dividers 150 extend parallel to each other, extend orthogonally away from the base 129, and extend parallel to a longitudinal axis of the body 120 of the guard 100. The width, WSlot, of each of the guide slots or gaps 151 is larger by some amount than the largest OD of a cable 101-110 to be used with the guard 100. For example, the width, WSlot, may be 0.05 to 0.2 inches greater than the largest expected OD of a cable with one embodiment used with 1-inch cables and having guide slots 151 with widths of 1.1 inches. The maximum OD of the connector bodies 114, 116 is greater at 1.625 inches in some case such that the connectors 112, 113 and attached cable ends are retained within the chamber 121 when the cables/conductors 101-110 are inserted into the guide slots 151, with the lid or cover 130 in the open position shown in
The lid or cover 130 may have a length, LCover, longer than the width, WChamber, of the chamber 121, such as 18 inches when the chamber 121 has a length, LChamber, of 14 inches (e.g., a lid length greater than the chamber length by 2 to 6 inches or the like with 4 inches used in this example). This may be desirable to retain the connectors, including connectors 112, 113, within the chamber 121 so as to sequester the energy source and enhance public safety. As shown in
With the lid 130 in the closed position as shown in
The body 120 of the guard 100 further includes a plurality of ramps or ramp-shaped side members extending outward from the sidewalls 122 and 124 and end walls 126 and 128. First and second side ramps 160 and 162 extend outward form sidewalls 122 and 124, respectively, to define a continuous sloped surface (such as at an angle of 45 degrees or another useful slope or ramp angle in the range of 30 to 60 degrees or the like) from a top edge/side of the sidewalls 122 and 124 to a plane containing the horizontal base 129 of the guard body 120. Corner ramps 162, 163, 164, and 165 are provided in the body 120 and extend outward from the corners of the inner chamber 121 between the side ramps 160, 162 and the sloped/angled outer portion of the dividers 150 of the end walls 126 and 128 (e.g., to define sloped surfaces at slope/ramp angles matching or similar to those of the side ramps 160, 162). In this manner, the guard 100 provides a minimal trip hazard in areas of expecting foot traffic and facilitates use of wheel chairs, strollers, and the like in the public space, too.
It is preferable in many applications that the guard 100 be configured for use as a lock and tagout device. To this end, the end walls 126 and 128 and lid 130 are designed with features that allow them to be locked together with a locking mechanism that requires a tool (e.g., a key, a wrench, a screwdriver, or the like) to be used to disengage (and, often, engage) the locking mechanism and disconnect the lid 130 from the end walls 126 and 128. In the embodiment shown in
The divider 150 (in this case, one of the intermediate dividers) is adapted to provide the lock mating element 156. In the illustrated embodiment, the element 156 includes a recessed surface 610 in an upper edge of the body of the divider 150. Further, as part of element 156, a hole or aperture 612 is provided through the divider 150 within the recessed surface 610. The shape and size of the recessed surface 610 is chosen to match of the hasp body 604 such that the hasp body 604 can be received within the recessed surface 610 as shown in
In some applications, it may be desirable for conductors to be run along physical objects such as buildings or street or other curbs.
As shown, the body 720 of the guard 700 differs from the body 120 of guard 100 in that one of the sidewalls 124 and one side of a divider 150 in each of the end walls 126 and 128 are left exposed or unprotected by ramps. Particularly, the ramps 161, 163, and 165 of guard 100 are eliminated from the body 720 of guard 700 so as to provide a planar (or substantially planar) surface or side to the body 700. As shown in
