Single-event upset immune flip-flop circuit

Abstract

A single-event upset immune flip-flop circuit is disclosed. The single-event upset immune flip-flop circuit includes a first single-event upset immune latch and a second single-event upset immune latch. The first single-event upset immune latch has two inputs and two outputs. The second single-event upset immune latch also has two inputs and two outputs. The two inputs of the second single-event upset immune latch is connected to the two outputs of the first single-event upset immune latch. The state of the first single-event upset immune latch changes only when the signal polarities at both inputs of the first single-event upset immune latch are identical. Similarly, the state of the second single-event upset immune latch changes only when the signal polarities at both inputs of the second single-event upset immune latch are identical.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to electronic circuits in general, and in particular to flip-flop circuits. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a single-event upset immune flip-flop circuit.

2. Description of the Related Art

Flip-flop circuits are widely found in digital circuits because flip-flop circuits are one of the most commonly used elements to implement sequential circuits. Sequential circuits are circuits in which a primary output relies not only on the current value of an input, but also the previous input value. A flip-flop circuit can be used to generate a steady state output signal having either a logical high potential (one) or a logical low (zero) potential.

Referring now to the drawings and, in particular, to FIG. 1 , there is depicted a schematic diagram of a flip-flop circuit according to the prior art. As shown, a flip-flop circuit 10 includes a p-channel transistor 15 and three n-channel transistors 16 - 18 connected in series between a high potential 11 and a ground potential 12 , a p-channel transistor 19 and three n-channel transistors 20 - 22 connected in series between high potential 10 and ground potential 12 , three inverters 13 , p-channel transistors 23 - 24 , and a latch 14 . Inverters 13 are coupled in series between a clock signal input 25 and the gate of transistor 18 . Clock signal input 25 is also connected to the gates of transistors 15 , 16 and 20 . The complement of clock signal input 25 is connected to the gates of transistors 18 , 22 and 24 . A data input 26 is connected to the gates of transistors 17 and 23 . A node 27 , which is located between transistors 15 and 16 , is connected to the gates of transistors 19 and 21 . Transistors 23 and 24 are connected between high potential 10 and node 27 . Latch 14 is connected to node 28 located between transistors 19 and 20 to provide an output 29 .

During operation, when clock signal CK at clock signal input 25 is at a logical low state, node 27 is precharged to a logical high state, and transistors 18 , 22 are turned on, while transistors 16 , 20 are turned off. At this point, node 28 holds its value from a previous clock cycle. On the rising edge of clock signal CK at clock signal input 25 , transistor 15 is turned off and transistors 16 , 20 are turned on. Transistors 18 , 22 remain turned on for the delay period of inverters 13 . Data D at data input 26 is sampled during this period. If data D at data input 26 is at a logical low state, node 27 remains at a logical high state, and node 28 either remains at a logical low state or is pulled to a logical low state through transistors 20 - 22 . If data D at data input 26 is at a logical high, node 27 is discharged to a logical low state through transistors 16 - 18 , and node 28 remains at a logical high state or is pulled up to a logical high state through transistor 19 .

One problem with prior art flip-flop circuits, such as flip-flop circuit 10 , is that they are very susceptible to single-event upsets (SEUs) or single-event transients (SETs). For example, if there is an SEU occurred on the data input path, then runt pulses may occur on the data path and subsequently erroneous data occur at the output. Consequently, it is desirable to provide an SEU immune flip-flop circuit.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a single-event upset immune flip-flop circuit includes a first single-event upset immune latch and a second single-event upset immune latch. The first single-event upset immune latch has two inputs and two outputs. The second single-event upset immune latch also has two inputs and two outputs. The two inputs of the second single-event upset immune latch is connected to the two outputs of the first single-event upset immune latch. The state of the first single-event upset immune latch changes only when the signal polarities at both inputs of the first single-event upset immune latch are identical. Similarly, the state of the second single-event upset immune latch changes only when the signal polarities at both inputs of the second single-event upset immune latch are identical.

All objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flip-flop circuit according to the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a single-event upset (SEU) immune flip-flop circuit, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first SEU immune latch within the SEU immune flip-flop circuit from FIG. 2 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second SEU immune latch within the SEU immune flip-flop circuit from FIG. 2 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

With reference now to FIG. 2 , there is depicted a block diagram of a dual-path flip-flop (DFF) circuit, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, a DFF circuit 41 includes a single-event upset (SEU) immune latch 45 and an SEU immune latch 46 . SEU immune latch 45 has two inputs T 1 , T 2 and two outputs C 1 , C 2 . Similarly, SEU immune latch 46 has two inputs C 3 , C 4 and two outputs T 3 , T 4 . Inputs T 1 , T 2 of SEU immune latch 45 provide for inputs D 1 , D 2 of DFF circuit 41 . Each of outputs C 1 , C 2 of SEU immune latch 45 is connected to a respective one of inputs C 3 , C 4 of SEU immune latch 46 . Outputs T 3 , T 4 of SEU immune latch 46 provide for outputs Q 1 , Q 2 of DFF circuit 41 . A common clock is provided to SEU immune latch 45 and SEU immune latch 46 via a clock input 24 . The state of SEU immune latch 45 changes only when the signal polarities at inputs T 1 , T 2 of SEU immune latch 45 are identical. Similarly, the state of SEU immune latch 46 changes only when the signal polarities at inputs C 3 , C 4 of SEU immune latch 46 are identical. As a result, the state of DFF circuit 41 changes only when the signal polarities at inputs D 1 , D 2 of DFF circuit 41 are identical.

Referring now to FIG. 3 , there is depicted a schematic diagram of SEU immune latch 45 from FIG. 2 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, SEU latch 45 includes a cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 and a cross-coupled inverter 57 . Cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 includes a first tri-state inverter connected to a second tri-state inverter in a cross-coupled fashion. The first tri-state inverter includes two serially connected p-channel transistors 53 a - 54 a connected in series with two serially connected n-channel transistors 55 a - 56 a. Similarly, the second tri-state inverter includes two serially connected p-channel transistors 5 b - 54 b connected in series with two serially connected n-channel transistors 55 b - 56 b. The gate of transistor 56 a is connected to the gate of transistor 53 b to provide a first feedback input for cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 , and the gate of transistor 53 a is connected to the gate of transistor 56 b to provide a second feedback input for cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 . The first forward input for cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 is from the gate of transistor 54 a and the gate of transistor 55 a. The second forward input for cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 is from the gate of transistor 54 b and the gate of transistor 55 b.

Cross-coupled inverter 57 includes a first inverter connected to a second inverter in a cross-coupled fashion. The first inverter includes a p-channel transistor 58 a connected in series with an n-channel transistor 59 a. Similarly, the second inverter includes a p-channel transistor 58 b connected in series with an n-channel transistor 59 b. The gate of transistor 58 a is connected to the gate of transistor 59 b to provide a first forward input for cross-coupled inverter 57 , and the gate of transistor 59 a is connected to the gate of transistor 58 b to provide a second forward input for cross-coupled inverter 57 . A first output 61 a of cross-coupled inverter 57 is provided at a node S 3 between transistor 58 a and transistor 59 a. A second output 61 b of cross-coupled inverter 57 is provided at a node S 4 between transistor 58 b and transistor 59 b.

Cross-coupled inverter 57 is connected to cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 . Specifically, first output of cross-coupled inverter 57 (i.e., node S 3 ) is fed back to the first feedback input of cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 (i.e., the gates of transistors 56 a and 53 b ). Also, second output 61 b of cross-coupled inverter 57 (i.e., node S 4 ) is fed back to the second feedback input of cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 (i.e., the gates of transistors 53 a and 56 b ).

During operation, data enter through an input 60 a. A transmission gate 52 a allows data to enter cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 when the clock signal CLK at clock input 24 (from FIG. 2 ) is at a logical low state. Concurrently, data also enter through an input 60 b. A transmission gate 52 b allows data to enter cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 when the clock signal CLK at clock input 24 is at a logical low state.

Since transistors 54 a - 55 a and transistors 54 b - 55 b are turned off when clock signal CLK is at a logical low state, data from input 60 a are sent to a storage node S 1 (i.e., the first forward input of cross-coupled inverter 57 ), and data from input 60 b are sent to a storage node S 2 (i.e., the second forward input of cross-coupled inverter 57 ). If the data at input 60 a and input 60 b are both, for example, logical “1's,” then transistors 59 a and 59 b are turned on such that a logical “0” is showed up at both outputs 61 a and 61 b. If the signals at inputs 60 a and 60 b are both, for example, logical “1's,” then transistors 59 a and 59 b are turned on such that logical “0's” show up at both output 61 a and output 61 b . Nodes S 3 and S 4 , at outputs 61 a and 61 b, respectively, are considered as inverting nodes.

When the clock signal CLK at clock input 24 is at a logical high state, then DFF circuit 41 holds the data from a previous cycle. For example, if nodes S 1 and S 2 are both at logical “1's” at the previous cycle, that means nodes S 3 and S 4 are both at logical “0's” at the previous cycle. The logical “0's” from nodes S 3 and S 4 are also sent to the first feedback input of cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 (i.e., the gates of transistors 56 a and 53 b ) and the second feedback input of cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 (i.e., the gates of transistors 53 a and 56 b ), respectively. The logical “0” from node S 3 turns on transistor 53 b; thus, the logical “1” at node S 2 is maintained. The logical “0” from node S 4 turns on transistor 53 a ; thus, the logical “1” at node S 1 is maintained.

On the other hand, if nodes S 1 and S 2 are both at logical “0's” at the previous cycle, that means nodes S 3 and S 4 are both at logical “1's” at the previous cycle. The logical “1's” from nodes S 3 and S 4 are also sent to the first feedback input of cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 and the second feedback input of cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 , respectively. The logical “1” from node S 3 turns on transistor 56 a; thus, the logical “0” at node S 1 is maintained. The logical “1” from node S 4 turns on transistor 56 b; thus, the logical “0” at node S 2 is maintained.

When writing to nodes S 1 and S 2 , if the signal at input 60 a is a logical “1” and the signal at input 60 b is a logical “0” (or vice versa) due to an incident of single-effect upset, then the inadvertently written state will not be held when clock signal CLK becomes high. For example, if node S 1 is at logical “1,” node S 2 is at logical “1,” node S 3 is at logical “0,” and node S 4 is at logical “0” before a write cycle. Due to an SEU, a logical “1” is written to node S 1 and a logical “0” is written to node S 2 , which leads node S 3 being the same state and node S 4 will be at logical “0” or “1.” The logical “0” from node S 3 turns on transistor 53 b and node S 2 will be changed to logical “1”. The logical “1” from node S 4 turns on transistor 56 b, and node S 2 will be changed to logical “0” at node S 2 .

With reference now to FIG. 4 , there is depicted a schematic diagram of SEU immune latch 46 from FIG. 2 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, SEU latch 46 includes a cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 and a cross-coupled inverter 87 . Cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 includes a first tri-state inverter connected to a second tri-siate inverter in a cross-coupled fashion. The first tri-state inverter includes two serially connected p-channel transistors 83 a - 84 a connected in series with two serially connected n-channel transistors 85 a - 86 a. Similarly, the second tri-state inverter includes two serially connected p-channel transistors 83 b - 84 b connected in series with two serially connected n-channel transistors 85 b - 86 b. The gate of transistor 86 a is connected to the gate of transistor 83 b to provide a first feedback input for cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 , and the gate of transistor 83 a is connected to the gate of transistor 86 b to provide a second feedback input for cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 . The first forward input for cross-coupled, tri-state inverter 80 is from the gate of transistor 84 a and the gate of transistor 85 a. The second forward input for cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 is from the gate of transistor 84 b and the gate of transistor 85 b.

Cross-coupled inverter 87 includes a first inverter connected to a second inverter in a cross-coupled fashion. The first inverter includes a p-channel transistor 88 a connected in series with an n-channel transistor 89 a. Similarly, the second inverter includes a p-channel transistor 88 b connected in series with an n-channel transistor 89 b. The gate of transistor 88 a is connected to the gate of transistor 89 b to provide a first forward input for cross-coupled inverter 87 , and the gate of transistor 89 a is connected to the gate of transistor 88 b to provide a second forward input for cross-coupled inverter 87 .

Cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 is identical to cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 from FIG. 3 , and cross-coupled inverter 87 is identical to cross-coupled inverter 57 from FIG. 3 . The main difference between SEU latch S 4 and SEU latch 45 is the clock input to the transmission gates. For SEU latch 45 , transmission gate 52 a allows data to enter cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 when the clock signal CLK at clock input 24 (from FIG. 2 ) is at a logical high state, and transmission gate 52 b allows data to enter cross-coupled tri-state inverter 50 when the clock signal CLK at clock input 24 is at a logical high state. For SEU latch 46 , transmission gate 82 a allows data to enter cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 when the clock signal CLK at clock input 24 is at a logical high state, and transmission gate 82 b allows data to enter cross-coupled tri-state inverter 80 when the clock signal CLK at clock input 24 is at a logical high state.

As has been described, the present invention provides an SEU immune flip-flop circuit.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A single-event upset immune latch circuit, comprising:a first dual-input inverter for receiving a first input to provide a first intermediate output, wherein said first dual-input inverter includes two p-channel transistors and two n-channel transistors connected in series; a second dual-input inverter for receiving a second input to provide a second intermediate output, wherein said second dual-input inverter includes two p-channel transistors and two n-channel transistors connected in series; a first inverter for receiving said first and second intermediate outputs from said first and second dual-input inverters to provide a first output, wherein said first inverter includes a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor connected in series; and a second inverter for receiving said first and second intermediate outputs from said first and second dual-input inverters to provide a second output, wherein said second inverter includes a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor connected in series.

2. The single-event upset immune latch circuit of claim 1, whereinsaid first intermediate output is connected to said p-channel transistor of said first inverter and said n-channel transistor of said second inverter; and said second intermediate output is connected to said n-channel transistor of said first inverter and said p-channel transistor of said second inverter.

3. The single-event upset immune latch circuit of claim 1, whereinsaid first output is also connected to one of said two n-channel transistors of said first dual-input inverter and one of said two p-channel transistors of said second dual-input inverter; and said second output is also connected to one of said two p-channel transistors of said first dual-input inverter and one of said two n-channel transistors of said second dual-input inverter.

4. The single-event upset immune latch circuit of claim 1, whereinsaid first input is coupled to said first dual-input inverter via a first set of pass gates; and said second input is coupled to said second dual-input inverter via a second set of pass gates.

5. A single-event upset immune flip-flop circuit comprising:a first single-event upset immune latch having two inputs and two outputs, wherein a state of said first single-event upset immune latch changes only when signal polarities at said two inputs of said first single-event upset immune latch are identical, wherein said first single-event upset immune latch includes: a first dual-input inverter for receiving a first one of said two inputs of said first single-event upset immune latch to provide a first intermediate output, wherein said first dual-input inverter includes two p-channel transistors and two n-channel transistors connected in series; a second dual-input inverter for receiving a second one of said two inputs of said first single-event upset immune latch to provide a second intermediate output, wherein said second dual-input inverter includes two p-channel transistors and two n-channel transistors connected in series; a first inverter for receiving said first and second intermediate outputs from said first and second dual-input inverters to provide a first output, wherein said first inverter includes a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor connected in series; and a second inverter for receiving said first and second intermediate outputs from said first and second dual-input inverters to provide a second output, wherein said second inverter includes a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor connected in series; and a second single-event upset immune latch having two inputs and two outputs, wherein each of said two inputs of said second single-event upset immune latch is connected to a respective one of said two outputs of said first single-event upset immune latch, wherein a state of said second single-event upset immune latch changes only when signal polarities at said two inputs of said second single-event upset immune latch are identical, wherein said second single-event upset immune latch includes: a third dual-input inverter for receiving a first one of said two inputs of said second single-event upset immune latch to provide a third intermediate output, wherein said first dual-input inverter includes two p-channel transistors and two n-channel transistors connected in series; a fourth dual-input inverter for receiving a second one of said two inputs of said second single-event upset immune latch to provide a fourth intermediate output, wherein said second dual-input inverter includes two p-channel transistors and two n-channel transistors connected in series; a third inverter for receiving said third and fourth intermediate outputs from said third and fourth dual-input inverters to provide a third output, wherein said third inverter includes a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor connected in series; and a fourth inverter for receiving said third and fourth intermediate outputs from said third and fourth dual-input inverters to provide a fourth output, wherein said fourth inverter includes a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor connected in series.

6. The single-event upset immune latch circuit of claim 5, whereinsaid first intermediate output is connected to said p-channel transistor of said first inverter and said n-channel transistor of said second inverter; said second intermediate output is connected to said n-channel transistor of said first inverter and said p-channel transistor of said second inverter; said third intermediate output is connected to said p-channel transistor of said third inverter and said n-channel transistor of said fourth inverter; and said fourth intermediate output is connected to said n-channel transistor of said third inverter and said p-channel transistor of said fourth inverter.

7. The single-event upset immune latch circuit of claim 5, whereinsaid first output is also connected to one of said two n-channel transistors of said first dual-input inverter and one of said two p-channel transistors of said second dual-input inverter; said second output is also connected to one of said two p-channel transistors of said first dual-input inverter and one of said two n-channel transistors of said second dual-input inverter; said third output is also connected to one of said two n-channel transistors of said third dual-input inverter and one of said two p-channel transistors of said fourth dual-input inverter; and said fourth output is also connected to one of said two p-channel transistors of said third dual-input inverter and one of said two n-channel transistors of said fourth dual-input inverter.