Claims
- 1. A process for preparing carboxylic acid salts comprising the single phase carbonylation of at least one organic halide in the presence of an alcohol, CO, and a base in conjunction with a palladium catalyst and an excess of tertiary phosphine, and wherein the base and excess phosphine is added during the reaction at a rate necessary to prevent side-product formation and catalyst decay.
- 2. The process of claim 1 further comprising the use of a hindered amine compound.
- 3. The process of claim 2 wherein the amine compound is a tertiary hindered amine base of the formula R'.sub.3 N, wherein R' comprises C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 branched aliphatic compounds, cyclic compounds and aromatic compounds or mixtures of the above.
- 4. The process of claim 3 wherein the tertiary hindered amine base is N,N-diisopropylethyl amine.
- 5. The process of claim 3 wherein the tertiary hindered amine base is N,N-diisopropylmethyl amine.
- 6. The process of claim 3 wherein the tertiary hindered amine base is dicyclohexyl ethyl amine.
- 7. The process of claim 1 wherein the base is an alkali metal hydroxide or oxide.
- 8. The process of claim 7 wherein the base is potassium hydroxide.
- 9. The process of claim 1 wherein the base is an alkaline earth hydroxide or oxide.
- 10. The process of claim 1 wherein the excess tertiary phosphine is added in the form of triphenyl phosphine.
- 11. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is a palladium II complex having the formula PdX.sub.2 L.sub.2, where X is a halide and L is a tertiary phosphine.
- 12. The process of claim 11 wherein the palladium catalyst is PdCl.sub.2 (PPh.sub.3).sub.2.
- 13. The process of claim 11 wherein L is a benzonitrile.
- 14. The process of claim 1 wherein the halocarbon is benzyl chloride.
- 15. The process of claim 13 wherein the benzonitrile reacts with phosphine in situ.
- 16. The process of claim 1 wherein the alcohol is isopropanol.
- 17. The process of claim 1 wherein the alcohol is methanol.
- 18. The process of claim 1 conducted under anhydrous conditions.
- 19. The process of claim 1 wherein the excess phosphine to palladium ratio is above about 2:1 to 100:1.
- 20. The process of claim 15 wherein the excess phosphine to palladium ratio is from about 3:1 to 30:1.
- 21. The process of claim 16 wherein the excess phosphine to palladium ratio is from about 5:1 to 15:1.
- 22. The process of claim 1 wherein the base is used in a molar ratio of from about 1 to about 4 per mole of the halocarbon.
- 23. The process of claim 22 wherein the base is used in a molar ratio of from about 2 to about 3 mole per mole of the halocarbon.
- 24. The process of claim 1 wherein the base and phosphine is added at a rate sufficient to prevent precipitation of the catalyst.
- 25. The process of claim 1 wherein the base is added at a rate sufficient to prevent formation of by-product ethers.
- 26. The process of claim 1 wherein the organic halide is benzyl chloride.
- 27. The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction is conducted at from atmospheric pressure to pressures of about 351.54 Kg/cm.
- 28. The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction is conducted at temperatures of from about 0.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C.
- 29. The process of claim 28 wherein the reaction is conducted at temperatures of from about 50.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 796,687 filed Nov. 12, 1985.
US Referenced Citations (4)
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
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796687 |
Nov 1985 |
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