SINGLE-WORKING-MEDIUM VAPOR COMBINED CYCLE

Abstract

The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is provided in this invitation and belongs to the field of energy and power technology. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle consists of ten processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: a pressurization process 1-2 of M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-5 of M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of M1 kg of working medium, and a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M1 kg of working medium; M3 is the sum of M1 and M2.

Description

FIELD

The present invention belongs to the flied of energy and power technology.

BACKGROUND

Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production. It is an important way to obtain and provide power by the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy. In general, the temperature of heat source reduces and varies with the release of heat. When fossil fuels are used as the primary energy, the heat source has the dual characteristics of both high temperature and variable temperature. Therefore, only one single thermodynamic cycle cannot achieve an ideal efficiency for refrigeration, heating or power generation.

Take the vapor power device with external combustion for example, its heat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature and variable temperature. For those vapor power devices based on the Rankine cycle, the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities and safety concerns limit the parameters of the cycle's working medium. Therefore, there is a big temperature difference between the working medium and the heat source, which leads to big irreversible loss and low efficiency.

Humans need new basic theory of thermal science to use fuel or other high temperature thermal energy simply, actively, efficiently for achieving refrigeration, heating or power. In the basic theory system of thermal science, thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis of thermal energy utilization devices, and the core of energy utilization systems. The establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycles will play an important role in the rapid development of energy utilization and will promote actively for social progress and productivity development.

Based on the principles of simple, active and efficient utilization of temperature difference, aiming at the power generation application of high temperature heat sources or variable temperature heat sources, and striving to provide theoretical support for the simplification and high efficiency of thermo-power systems, the present invention proposes a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.

THE CONTENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The single working-medium vapor combined cycle and the vapor power device for combined cycle are mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific content of the present invention is as follows:

1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of ten processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (6) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

3. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

4. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (6) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

6. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (9) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

7. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

9. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

11. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

12. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (9) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The first thing to note is that, when describing the cycle's structures and processes, the processes will not be repeatedly described if not necessary, and the obvious processes will not be described. In each of the following examples, M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂. The detailed description of the present invention is as follows:

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 1 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts ten processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-5 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, and a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 8-5 of M₂ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 2 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-6 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-6 of M₂ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 3 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-5 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of M₁ kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of M₂ kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-5 of M₂ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 4 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-6 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium; a heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ kg of working medium; a depressurization process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₂ kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₂ kg of working medium in process 8-9 and the heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 9-c can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in d-1 process is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process c-6 of M₂ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of M₂ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 5 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 7-8 of M₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ kg of working medium; a depressurization process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} The process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of M₂ kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 6-9 of M₁ kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 6-9 and the heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 9-c can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 8-5 of M₂ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of M₂ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 6 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-5 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-9 of X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium; a heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ kg of working medium; a depressurization process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 8-9 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by (M₃−X) kg of working medium in process 8-9 and the heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 9-c can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process c-5 of M₂ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-4 of Mt kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 6-9 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 7-8 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion) process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process 2-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₂ kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-a of M₂ kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 5-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion) process 9-c of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 9 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 8-9 of M₃ kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-a of M₂ kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion) process 9-c of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 10 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-9 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 8-9 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by (M₂−M) kg of working medium in process 8-9 and the heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 9-c can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process c-a of M₂ kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 5-9 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 7-8 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion) process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 11 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-9 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 7-8 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 6-9 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by (M₁+M) kg of working medium in process 6-9 and the heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 9-c can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat release of M₁ kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 7-a of (M₂−M) kg of working medium is usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 5-6 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium the depressurization (expansion) process 8-9 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion) process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 12 works as follows:

(1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.

The working medium conducts sixteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process c-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium; a pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-9 of X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process d-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium and the process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 8-9 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 9-c of M₃ (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by (M₃−X) kg of working medium in process 8-9 and the heat released by M₃ kg of working medium in process 9-c can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process c-a of M₂ kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 6-9 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 7-8 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion) process c-d of M₁ kg of working medium are usually completed by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The technical effects of the present invention invention: The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:

• • (1) A basic theory of thermal energy (temperature difference) utilization has been created.
  • (2) The present invention greatly reduces the amount of heat absorbed in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the amount of heat absorbed in the high-temperature region. Therefore, the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle can achieve high efficiency.
  • (3) The present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of temperature differences.
  • (4) The present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store; The present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
  • (5) The processes in the present invention are shared and reduced, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment and improves efficiency.
  • (6) In the high temperature region or the variable temperature region, both the cycle's working medium and the heat source medium conduct variable-temperature processes; therefore, the temperature difference loss is reduced and the efficiency is improved.
  • (7) The present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among thermal efficiency, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional vapor power devices, can be resolved.
  • (8) Under the precondition of achieving a high thermal efficiency, the vapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at a low pressure. The present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of device operation.
  • (9) The present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media. The present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
  • (10) The present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for temperature difference utilization, and contributes to a higher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources and variable-temperature heat sources.

Claims

1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of ten processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

3. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

4. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

6. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (9) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

7. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (6) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

9. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

10. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (6) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

11. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (7) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.

12. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (9) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.