1. Field of the Invention
Some embodiments of the invention are in the field of display media and more specifically in the field of advertising display technology.
2. Related Art
Pigmented polymer films are commonly used to display images such as photographs and text. For example, printed polymers films are commonly used in advertising. These printed polymer films can be found in posters, display advertisements, stickers, etc. Polyethylene and polyurethane are two polymers commonly used in advertising applications.
Attempts have been made to add pigmented polymers to conveyance devices such as escalator handrails. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,450,228 and 6,682,806. Unfortunately, these handrails often include styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). It has been found that this and similar rubbers excrete oils that discolor polymer films. There is, therefore, a need for improved systems and methods of displaying media.
Embodiments of the invention include a polymer film that resists discoloring when applied to a styrene-butadiene rubber surface. This polymer film includes a material that reduces the porosity of the polymer film. For example, various embodiments include polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at a concentration of greater than 50 percent by weight.
Some embodiments of the invention further include systems and methods of applying this discoloring resistant film to a conveyance. For example, some embodiments include a system that has a media layer comprising a discoloring resistant polymer film and a cover layer comprising a different polymer layer. The media layer and the cover layer are optionally of different widths so as to attach to a moving handrail with minimum folding or distortion of the media layer.
In some embodiments, the media layer and cover layer are configured for easy removal from a conveyance. In these embodiments a different adhesives are optionally used on the media layer and cover layer respectfully. The media layer and cover layer are may include a wide variety of materials and are optionally applied to surfaces other than a conveyance.
Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a first film including a pigment, a first polymer and at least 75 percent by weight of polyvinyl chloride, the first film having a width configured to fit between the apex points of an conveyance handrail; and a first adhesive disposed on at least one side of the first film.
Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a first film comprising a polymer that is resistant to discoloration by styrene-butadiene rubber; a second film attached to the first film and comprising a polymer that is less resistant to discoloration by styrene-butadiene rubber; and a pigment disposed on the first film or the second film to from a graphic.
Various embodiments of the invention include a method comprising adding at least 75 percent by weight of polyvinyl chloride to a polymer; extruding the polymer and the polyvinyl chloride to form a first film; attaching a second film to the first film, the second film having less than 75 percent by weight of polyvinyl chloride; and adding a pigment to the first film or the second film to form a graphic.
Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a first polymer film; a second polymer film attached to the first film, the second polymer film having a width or length that is greater than a width or length of the first polymer film, respectively; a pigment disposed on the first polymer film or the second polymer film; and a first adhesive disposed on at least one side of the first film and configured to removably attach the first film to a mount surface.
Various embodiments of the invention include a method comprising: adding a pigment to a media layer or a cover layer; sizing the media layer to a width configured to fit between apex points of a conveyance handrail; adding a first adhesive to the media layer, the first adhesive configured for the media layer to be removable; sizing a cover layer to a width greater than the width of the media layer; and bonding the media layer and the cover layer.
Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a first polymer film having a width between approximately 12.5 cm and 6 cm; a second polymer film attached to the first film, the second polymer film being transparent and having a width greater than the width of the first polymer film; a pigment disposed on the first polymer film or the second polymer film so as to form a graphic; and a first adhesive disposed on at least one side of the first film and configured to removably attach the first film to a conveyance handrail.
Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a first film; a first adhesive disposed on a first side of the first film and configured for removal of the first film from a mount surface; a second film including a polymer, disposed on a second side of the first film, and being configured to cover a greater area of the mount surface than the first film; a second adhesive disposed on a first side of the second film, the second adhesive being characterized by a greater adhesion than the first adhesive and being disposed to come in contact with the mount surface; and a pigment disposed on the first film or the second film.
Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a film including a pigment configured to from a graphic; a first adhesive disposed near an interior of a first side of the film and configured for removal of the film from a mount surface; a second adhesive disposed proximate to outer edges of the first side of the cover layer, the second adhesive being characterized by a greater adhesion than the first adhesive and being disposed to come in contact with the mount surface.
Various embodiments of the invention include a method comprising adding a pigment to a first film layer or a second film to form a graphic; sizing the first film; adding a first adhesive to the first film, the first adhesive configured for the first film to be removable; sizing the second film to a width greater than the width of the first film; adding a second adhesive to the second film, the second adhesive having a greater adhesion than the first adhesive; and bonding the first film and the second film such that both the first adhesive and the second adhesive are disposed to adhere to a mount surface.
Various embodiments of the invention include a method comprising the steps of attaching one or more polymer layers to a mount surface using a first adhesive and a second adhesive, the first adhesive having a weaker adhesion per square centimeter relative to the second adhesive, the first adhesive being disposed near an interior of the attached layers, the second adhesive being disposed near a perimeter of the attached layers, and the one or more polymer layers including a pigment disposed to form a graphic; breaching the one or more layers in an area where the one or more layers are attached to the mount surface by the first adhesive; and removing the one or more layers starting at the breach.
A polymer film included in some embodiments of the invention comprises between 50 and 97 percent polyvinyl chloride, a more elastic and/or flexible polymer such as polyurethane or polyethylene, and optional pigments. This film is configured to resist discoloration due to contact with oils, plasticizers, rubber, and/or the like. For example, the film may be configured to resist discoloration from contact with styrene-butadiene rubber. In alternative embodiments the percentage of polyvinyl chloride is by weight between 80 and approximately 90 percent, 75 percent and 93 percent, 85 and 95 percent, at least 75 percent, at least 80 percent, at least 85 percent, approximately 85 percent, approximately 88 percent, approximately 90 percent, or approximately 92 percent. The polymer film may be between 1 and 20 thousandths, between 2 and 8 thousandths, or between 3 and 5 thousandths of an inch thick. A wide variety of polymer formulations and thicknesses may be used. In some embodiments, a formulation is selected to produce a desired flexibility and/or characteristics that protect against discoloration.
The polymer film optionally includes an adhesive disposed on at least one side. This adhesive is optionally acrylic or rubber. In some embodiments, this adhesive has an adhesion between 0.10 kg/cm and 1.5 kg/cm.
Media Layer 100 typically includes one or more pigments that are optionally disposed to form a meaningful symbol or graphic, e.g., an advertisement. The pigments may be on or within Media Layer 100. In some embodiments, the pigments include titanium oxide and/or comprise between 1 and 7 percent of the Media Layer 100 by weight. For example, some embodiments include approximately 5 percent titanium oxide within the bulk of Media Layer 100 and further pigments disposed on a surface of Media Layer 100 to form a graphic.
Cover Layer 220 is optionally larger in area than Media Layer 100. For example, Cover Layer 220 may be wider and/or longer than Media Layer 100.
A Second Adhesive Layer 230 is disposed on at least one side of Cover Layer 220 and optionally includes an adhesive that is stronger than that of First Adhesive Layer 110. As such, Second Adhesive Layer 230 is optionally characterized by a greater adhesion, per square centimeter, than First Adhesive Layer 110. Second Adhesive Layer 230 is optionally disposed, in part, between Media Layer 100 and Cover Layer 220 and, as such, may contribute to the bonding of Media Layer 100 to Cover Layer 220. Second Adhesive Layer 230 optionally covers less than 100 percent of one side of Cover Layer 220. For example, in some embodiments, Second Adhesive Layer 230 is disposed on Excess Width 250 but not other parts of Cover Layer 220. In another example, in some embodiments, Second Adhesive Layer 230 is disposed on at least 80 percent of Excess Width 250. Second Adhesive Layer 230 can include, for example, a rubber or acrylic adhesive. Second Adhesive Layer 230 optionally has an adhesion of between 0.10 and 2.0 kg/cm. For example, Second Adhesive Layer 230 may have an adhesion between 0.25 and 1.50, between 0.5 and 1.0, or between 0.7 and 0.9 kg/cm. Second Adhesive Layer 230 is optionally less than one thousandths of an inch thick. A pigment is optionally disposed on the second film on the same sides as the Second Adhesive Layer 230, i.e., the side adjacent to Media Layer 100. For example, a pigment may be viewed through transparent material of the Cover Layer 220. This pigment is optionally printed as a reversed image.
Both First Adhesive Layer 110 and Second Adhesive Layer 230 are disposed to contact a Mount Surface 240 on which Media Layer 100 and Cover Layer 220 are mounted. Because Second Adhesive Layer 230 may provide a greater adhesion than First Adhesive Layer 110, the perimeter of the system illustrated in
Media Layer 100 and Cover Layer 220 may be attached to the same plane of Mount Surface 240, as shown in the right side of
When Handrail 460 flexes to curve up or down, such as at the top and bottom of an escalator, then a part of Handrail 460 above or below each Apex 470 is compressed while that part of Handrail 460 on the other side of each Apex 470 is stretched. For example, if Handrail 460, as shown in
In some embodiments, an Edge 485 of Media Layer 100 is disposed approximately at or above Apex 470, e.g., in Region 480. In contrast, an Edge 490 of Excess Width 250 is disposed below Apex 470. If Handrail 460 is flexed, Cover Layer 220 is subject to both stretching and compression, while Media Layer 100 is predominately stretched or predominantly compressed, but not both stretched and compressed significantly at the same time. As such when Handrail 460 is flexed, Cover Layer 220 is subject to a greater total amount of stretching and compression than is Media Layer 100.
In an optional Generate Media Layer Step 510, Media Layer Step 510 is generated. In some embodiments, this is accomplished by extruding or depositing a mixture of polymers and pigment. In some embodiments these polymers include the various polymer mixtures discussed elsewhere herein. For example, Media Layer 100 may be generated by extruding a polymer mixture including at least 75 percent by weight polyvinyl chloride. Generate Media Layer Step 510 is optional in embodiments where in Media Layer 100 is received from another party.
In an optional Add Pigment Step 520, one or more pigments are added to Media Layer 100. In various embodiments pigments added may be at much of 10, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 or 2 percent of Media Layer 100 by weight. Pigments can be added during Generate Media Layer Step 510 or applied to Media Layer 100 after extrusion. Pigments may be applied to Media Layer 100 before Media Layer 100 cools completely from the extrusion process. Pigments may be added using silkscreen, printing, lithographic, ecosolvent, electrostatic, photographic, or other image generating processes known in the art. The pigments are optionally disposed to form a solid color or graphic such as alphanumeric characters, symbols, words, images, pictures, trademarks, logos, and/or the like. In some embodiments, Titanium Oxide (TiO2) is included in the bulk of the polymer film and further pigments are then deposited on a surface of the polymer film. Add Pigment Step 520 is optional in embodiments wherein the color of the polymers that comprise Media Layer 100 is a desired color.
In a Size Media Layer Step 530, Media Layer 100 is sized to desired dimensions. Sizing is accomplished by, for example, adjusting an extrusion process to generate Media Layer 100 at a desired size in Generate Media Layer Step 510 or by cutting Media Layer 100 to a desired size from a larger piece. For example, in some embodiments, the output of Generate Media Layer Step 510 is cut into one or more strips having a desired width. Several strips may be cut in parallel. A sized width of Media Layer 100 is optionally configured to fit between apex points of a moving handrail. In some embodiments, Size Media Layer Step 530 includes measuring a surface distance between Apex 470 of a flexible handrail. In various embodiments, the width of Media Layer 100 is sized to between 12.5 and 6 cm, between 9 and 11 cm, or between 10 and 11 cm. For example, Media Layer 100 may be approximately 10.5 cm wide and at least 3, 4, 5 or 10 times longer than it is wide. In alternative embodiments Media Layer 100 is greater than 12.5 or 25 cm wide, for example Media Layer 100 may be between 50 and 80 cm wide.
In an Add First Adhesive Step 540, a first adhesive is added to at least one side of Media Layer 100. This adhesive may be, for example, whipped, flowed, knifed, transferred using tape, sprayed or brushed on and may include any to the adhesives discussed elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the first adhesive added in Add First Adhesive Step 540 is configured for both attachment and later removal of Media Layer 100 from Mount Surface 240. Media Layer 110 may include a temporary liner configured to protect the first adhesive. The liner is optionally added following Add First Adhesive Step 540 in a step not shown in
In an optional Generate Cover Layer Step 550, Cover Layer 220 is generated. Cover Layer 220 is typically, generated by extrusion or depositing one or more polymers. In some embodiments, Cover Layer 220 is deposited or extruded directly onto Media Layer 100. Generate Cover Layer Step 550 is optional in embodiments where Cover Layer 220 is received from another party.
In a Size Cover Layer Step 560, Cover Layer 220 is sized to a dimension that is optionally greater than that of Media Layer 100. For example, Cover Layer 220 may be sized to a greater width and/or a greater length than Media Layer 100. Sizing may occur by cutting Cover Layer 220 or by, for example, adjusting an extrusion process to generate Cover Layer 20 at a desired size in Generate Cover Layer Step 550. In some embodiments, several of Cover Layer 220 are cut in parallel from one or more starting pieces. In some embodiments, Cover Layer 220 is sized to a dimension of the liner of Media Layer 100.
In an Add Second Adhesive Step 570, a second adhesive is added to Cover Layer 220. This second adhesive is optionally different than the first adhesive added in Add First Adhesive Step 540. In some embodiments, the second adhesive is configured to have a greater adhesion than the first adhesive. As such, the Cover Layer 220 may be more firmly bonded to Mount Surface 240 than Media Layer 100. In some embodiments, the liner of Media Layer 100 is configured to temporarily protect both the first adhesive and the second adhesive.
In an optional Bond Step 580, Media Layer 100 and Cover Layer 220 are bonded together. Typically, they are disposed relative to each other such that Excess Width 250 is disposed beyond one, two or more edges of Media Layer 100. Cover Layer 220 is added to a side of Media Layer 100 opposite the first adhesive added in Add First Adhesive Step 540. As such, both the first adhesive and the second adhesive are disposed to adhere to the same Mount Surface 240. Bonding may be accomplished using the second adhesive added in Add Second Adhesive Step 570, using another adhesive, using a thermal bonding process, and/or the like.
In an optional Attach Step 590, Media Layer 100 and Cover Layer 220 are attached to Mount Surface 240 using the first adhesive and the second adhesive. This attachment may be performed manually or automatically. In some embodiments, Attach Step 590 includes positioning Media Layer 100 between Apex 470, and positioning part of Excess Width 250 over Apex 470.
It will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, that the steps of
In an Attach Layers Step 610, Media Layer 100 and/or Cover Layer 220 are attached to a Mount Surface 240 using more than one adhesive, a first of the more than one adhesive having a weaker adhesion per square centimeter than a second of the more than one adhesive, and the first adhesive being disposed near an interior of the attached layer(s) while the second adhesive is disposed near a perimeter of the attached layer(s). For example, of the second adhesive may be disposed around all or part of a perimeter of a rectangular area while the first adhesive is disposed within a central of the rectangular area.
In a Breach Layers Step 620, the Media Layer 100 and/or Cover Layer 220 are breached. This breach may include for example cutting, tearing, melting, or the like of Media Layer 100 and/or Cover Layer 220. The breach is made in an area wherein Media Layer 100 and/or Cover Layer 220 are attached to Mount Surface 240 using the first (weaker) adhesive. The breach is configured to such that Media Layer 100 and/or Cover Layer 220 can be separated from Mount Surface 240 starting at an area where they are attached using the first adhesive rather than the second (stronger) adhesive.
In a Remove Layers Step 630, the Media Layer 100 and/or Cover Layer 220 are removed from Mount Surface 240 starting at the breach made in Breach Layers Step 620. The removal is begun at a point where Media Layer 100 and/or Cover Layer 220 are attached using the first adhesive rather than the second adhesive.
Several embodiments are specifically illustrated and/or described herein. However, it will be appreciated that modifications and variations are covered by the above teachings and within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope thereof. For example the combination of different sized media and cover layers does not require a polymer that is resistant to discoloring when in contact with styrene-butadiene rubber. The use of different adhesives on the media layer and cover layer do not require a polymer that is resistant to discoloring when in contact with styrene-butadiene rubber. In alternative embodiments pigments are added to Cover Layer 220 and Media Layer 100 may or many not include pigments. In these embodiments, Media Layer 100 optionally functions as merely a barrier to prevent discoloration, to protect Mount Surface 240, and/or the like. In some embodiments pigments are included in both Media Layer 100 and Cover Layer 220.
Some embodiments of the system illustrated in
The embodiments discussed herein are illustrative of the present invention. As these embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to illustrations, various modifications or adaptations of the methods and or specific structures described may become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications, adaptations, or variations that rely upon the teachings of the present invention, and through which these teachings have advanced the art, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hence, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered in a limiting sense, as it is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to only the embodiments illustrated.