SKI WITH TRI-DIMENSIONAL SKI SURFACE

The present invention relates to a ski, where the ski is designed to have a binding mounted approximately in the middle of the ski, when viewed in the ski's longitudinal direction, or slightly behind the middle. The ski is provided with inwardly curved steel edges (edge portions), the ski having a greater width at the transition to the tip than under the binding. The ski has upwardly curved tips at the front and the rear, where the tips may well be approximately of the same size, but the rear tip is often more modest, or merely a slight upward curve of the sole with a truncated end at the back, which is also referred to here as the rear tip.

These days a ski is normally designed with a flat sole surface between the front and rear tips of the ski, but skis are also known with a split sole surface. The ski according to the present invention is based on a three-dimensional geometry of the ski's sliding surface, as is disclosed in international patent application WO 95/21662, amongst others. The ski described in this patent application is provided with a sole where the sliding surface in the sole is not flat, but in principle divided into three sliding surfaces over the ski's longitudinal direction, where this design has been shown to give the skis advantageous dynamic properties. In principle, these skis have an increasing angle between a central sliding surface in the ski's sole, here called the primary sole surface, and lateral sliding surfaces arranged on each side of the primary sole surface, here called secondary sole surfaces, where the secondary sole surfaces extend along the ski's steel edges up to the transition to the tip. The geometry is characterised by an increase in the angle between the different sole surfaces towards the transition to the tip, and possibly towards the rear tip. However, all of the known versions of skis with this geometry in the sliding surface have phased out the angle between the primary or central sole surface and the lateral sole surfaces from the transition to the ski's tip and forward in this tip, and the same backwards in the rear tip to the extent that the ski has a substantial rear tip with this functionality.

Testing of new prototypes of skis has demonstrated that in loose snow and other soft, loose surfaces it is advantageous to have the tripartite sliding surface, but particularly advantageous if the angular difference between the different sole surfaces not only continues into the tip, but the angle between the extension of the different sole surfaces in the tip increases substantially over a length of the tip. As indicated above, however, the known design of a ski with a tripartite sliding surface will phase out the angular difference between the central sliding surface (the primary sole surface) and the lateral sliding surfaces or the secondary sole surfaces on each side approximately from the transition to the tip and further forward in the tip. If on the other hand the angle between the central sliding surface or the primary sole surface and the lateral sliding surfaces or the secondary sole surfaces on each side is increased forward in the tip, possibly doing the same backwards in the rear tip, where this is relevant, great benefits were achieved in loose snow in our tests. The increase in the angle starts approximately in the transition between the flat sliding surface of the sole and the tip, but it may also start a few cm further in towards the middle of the ski (i.e. in towards the bindings), or slightly further out in the tip. The increase in angle is generally accelerated approximately from the transition to the tip and a few cm forwards. With this type of functionality the aim is to achieve a tip which during turning is even better at pressing snow under the ski, thereby giving the ski better glide over a loose surface. The positive effect is achieved when the ski is run on its edge on a loose surface, when the tip lies several degrees flatter on the snow on a ski according to the present invention than for example the existing skis with a tripartite sliding surface according to WO 95/21662. This means that during turning the tip with accelerated twisting of the tip's secondary sole surfaces presses more snow under the ski than corresponding skis with a tripartite sole in the sliding surface and phase-out of the difference between the sole surfaces in the tip.

When the ski glides better on the snow during turning, this makes it go faster. This is a general effect of the present invention. However, the greatest benefits are during freestyle skiing down difficult mountain sides. After landing from a difficult jump, the skier must have skis that quickly come up out of the snow, while at the same time being able to initiate a turn, since the skier often has to manoeuvre himself away from dangerous obstacles right in front of him. The design of the tip in combination with the tripartite sliding surface together provide the best maneuverability in such a situation.

There are special types of snow where accelerated twisting of the lateral sole surfaces in the tip is particularly advantageous. This is during freestyle skiing in deep snow when a thin, non-bearing crust layer has formed on the snow. In this situation normal skis have an unfortunate tendency to cut down into the crust, thereby causing braking and “quivering” in the ski. By means of the new design of the ski according to the present invention, i.e. the new type of tip combined with a dynamic three-dimensional sliding surface, however, the sole surfaces will lie slightly flatter against the snow during turning, thereby providing better lift and avoiding many of the problems experienced by ordinary, flat skis in conditions of this kind.

DEFINITIONS

The primary sole surface 1 is the central sliding surface which forms a part of the ski's total sliding surface. When the ski (apart from the tip) is pressed completely flat against the surface so that the longitudinal camber is not shown, this is the part of the ski which touches the surface. If the transition (the angle) between the primary sole surface and the secondary sole surfaces 3 is diffuse because the transition, when viewed in cross section, is gradual via a slight rounding of the different sole surfaces, in such cases portions which in cross section are located up to 0.5 mm above the ground when the longitudinal camber is depressed are also defined as belonging to the primary sole surface, while portions which without longitudinal camber are located more than 0.5 mm above the surface belong to the sliding surface's secondary sole surfaces, when viewed in cross section. Here the lines J, K, L, M in the figures mark the transition between the sole surfaces according to this definition.

The tip's primary sole surface 2 is the extension of the central sliding surface forwards in the tip, where this sole surface here follows the upward curve in the tip, and possibly correspondingly in the rear tip. To the extent that the tip essentially consists of a left and a right secondary sliding surface, the “keel” between the left and right secondary surfaces will define the tip's primary sole surface.

The secondary sole surfaces 3 are located in the sliding surface between the primary sole surface 1 and steel edges 5 arranged in the ski's longitudinal direction. When the ski (apart from the tip) is pressed completely flat against the surface so that the ski's camber in the longitudinal direction is not shown, the secondary sole surfaces 3 are twisted substantially upwards relative to the primary sole surface towards the transition between the primary sole surface and the secondary sole surfaces and the tip or tips provided in the ski, thereby ensuring that the steel edges in the lateral sliding surfaces or the secondary sole surfaces are essentially raised higher over the surface towards the transition to the tip.

The tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 are located between the tip's first sole surface and the steel edges. We see a cross sectional view of the uplift of the steel edges relative to the tip's primary sole surface from the transition (C, D) to the tip and a few centimeters forward, and possibly correspondingly from the transition (W, X) to the rear tip and a few cm backwards if this is relevant.

The ski's edges are called steel edges 5 here since iron/steel is the most commonly used material for edges. In principle, however, any material whatever can be used which is hard enough to give the desired functionality in the lateral edge defining the sole.

The surface 6 is always shown flat and represents the ground or the snow.

The following alphabetic designations are employed:

- A. At the front of the tip
- B. Cross section approximately in the centre of the tip
- C. The transition between the primary sole surface 1 and the tip's primary sole surface 2
- D. Transition between the secondary sole surfaces 3 and the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4
- E. Cross section between D and F
- F. The secondary sole surfaces 3 start here. This start does not need to be the same on the right and left sides of the ski, but is illustrated symmetrically here.
- G. The ski's narrowest point
  - j. Transition line between primary sole surface 1, 2 and secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the left side in front viewed from below
  - k. Transition line between primary sole surface 1, 2 and secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the left side in front
  - l. Transition line between primary sole surface 1, 2 and secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the left side behind viewed from below
  - m. Transition line between primary sole surface 1, 2 and secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the right side at the rear
- U. The secondary sole surfaces 3 start here if geometry with split raised secondary sliding surfaces is employed on the rear part.
- V. Cross section between U and W
- W. Transition between the secondary sole surfaces 3 and the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4
- X. The transition between the primary sole surface 1 and the rear tip's primary sole surface 2
- Y. Cross section approximately in the middle of the tip
- Z. The rearmost part of the ski.

The invention consists in a ski which basically has a tripartite sole in the sliding surface (three-dimensional geometry). Thus the ski has a substantially flat central sliding surface, the primary sole surface 1, which is located approximately halfway between the steel edges 5, and then there are two lateral sliding surfaces, the secondary sole surfaces 3, between the primary sole surface and the steel edges 5 on each side thereof, where these secondary sole surfaces form a substantially increasing angle with the primary sole surface 1 when starting directly below the bindings and moving towards each of the ends and the transitions (C) and (X). In the figures the secondary sliding surfaces start at F, and a cautious increase can be seen in the uplift in the steel edges from the cross section in F to E and on to D. From the cross section in D the uplift in the steel edges increases more rapidly up to the cross section in B. Whether the uplift increases or decreases from B and onwards is more a matter of choice or taste. From B towards A the tip is so far above the snow that it no longer is of such great practical importance.

The ski with the tripartite sliding surface may well be completely flat from steel edge to steel edge in the middle where the bindings are located, but at any rate over more than 10% of the ski's sliding surface, when viewed in the longitudinal direction, the ski should be provided with secondary sliding surfaces, and preferably over at least 15%. At the transition (D) to the tip, the angle between the primary sole surface 1 and the secondary sole surfaces 3 has increased to at least 1 degree, preferably to at least 2 degrees, and most preferred to more than 3 degrees at the transition (D) between sliding surface and tip for the secondary sole surfaces. The uplift in the steel edge 5 relative to the primary sole surface 1 depends on the relative angle between the primary sole surface 1 and the secondary sole surface 3 as well as the width of the ski and the width of the secondary sole surfaces. Thus, for example, a 3 degree angle between the sole surfaces in cross section may correspond to anything from 1 mm to over 4 mm uplift in the steel edge.

The angle between the tip's secondary lateral surfaces 4 and the tip's primary sole surface 1 increases preferably by at least 1 degree, preferably by at least 2 degrees from D to B. Thereafter it is optional whether this angle is permitted to return to zero from B right up to the front of the tip, or whether the angle is maintained or increased all the way forward. This degree of freedom is due to the fact that the foremost part of the tip is of relatively little importance.

Particularly if the sole surfaces are slightly rounded in cross section, instead of angles between the respective sole surfaces, the uplift may be viewed measured in mm for the steel edge 5 relative to the tip's primary sole surface 2, but here too the uplift varies with the width of the tip's secondary sole surfaces, with the result that the same angle can give substantial differences in mm uplift where 5 degrees uplift in the steel edge 5 in the tip can give anything from 1.5 mm to 7 mm uplift relative to the tip's primary sole surface 2 in the tip. The uplift in the steel edge 5 relative to the tip's primary sole surface 2 will increase by more than 0.5 mm from the transition (D) between sliding surface and tip until the uplift in the steel edge 5 relative to the tip's primary sole surface 2 has reached its maximum. The uplift preferably increases by at least 1 mm, and preferably more than 1.5 mm. Thereafter it is optional whether the uplift is permitted to return to zero right up to the front of the tip, or whether the uplift is maintained or increased all the way forward.

In the area round the transition (C, D) to the tip (and possibly (W, X) to the rear tip), therefore, an increase in the uplift in the steel edges begins to be allowed, and the uplift normally increases more rapidly outwards in the tip than it did along the ordinary sliding surfaces 1, 3. This results in an increase in the uplift in the steel edges forwards from C to B in the tip, viewed in a section across the tip. When the tip narrows, however, this uplift will generally decline. If connected steel edges 5 are employed in the tip and they are without a break, it is necessary for the steel edges to be continuous so that the uplift measured in mm reaches zero at the front of the tip.

The invention's special functionality for the tip is of great importance for the front tip, and it is therefore most important to also employ this functionality in the rear tip when the ski is designed for landing and skiing backwards from time to time.

On this basis, therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a ski with improved dynamic. This is achieved with a ski which is characterised by the features which will be apparent in the patent claims.

From WO 95/21662 a pair of Alpine skis is known with a flat sliding surface and lateral sliding surfaces, where the sole's edge is provided with an approximately continuous concave inward curve in the steel edge along the ski between a first transition line which defines the transition from a tip portion to a sliding portion and a second transition line which defines the transition from sliding portion to a rear portion. The lower lateral edge (the steel edge) describes an approximately continuous curve between the transition lines to the tips. The sole on both sides of the first sliding surface comprises additional sliding surfaces extending upwards from the edge of the first sliding surface to the lower lateral edges on the ski with an upward curve. The upward curve in the lower lateral edge of the additional sliding surfaces increases substantially with the ski's increasing width in the direction of the two transition lines towards the tips.

An Alpine ski as described in WO 95/21662 has proved to be very well-suited to Alpine events and the angled sliding surfaces, which with only a relatively slight edging of the ski can be pressed into contact with the surface, provide improved turning technique and surface grip.

The ski according to the present invention differs from known ski designs in the proposition, amongst other things, that the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 which constitute the dynamic difference, are located precisely in the tips outside the ski's ordinary sliding surfaces 1, 3 (the primary sole surface and the secondary sole surfaces). WO 95/21662 describes a solution for a dynamically optimal geometry in the sliding surface, while here we are looking at an optimal sliding surface of this kind combined with an optimal design of the tip.

The invention will now be described in greater detail by means of embodiments which are illustrated in the drawings. All the figures depict skis according to the present invention specially designed for improving lift during turning in combination with a dynamic geometry in the sliding surface. In each figure the ski or details thereof is shown from various sides:

FIG. 1 i) The ski viewed from the underside shows the sole of the ski with dotted lines illustrating where there are smooth transitions between various portions

- ii) The ski viewed from the side. The uplift in the steel edge is slightly exaggerated in order to illustrate the point
- iii) Cross section of the ski, slightly enlarged relative to i)
- iv) On some skis the angle between the tip's sole surfaces is continued right up to the tip, and then the ski is viewed from in front in order to illustrate this variant.

FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the ski according to FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates a further embodiment of the ski according to FIG. 1, and

FIGS. 4 to 8 illustrate further details and/or embodiments of the ski according to FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 illustrates a ski according to the present invention where the ski is provided with relatively wide secondary lateral surfaces 3 with a gradually increasing upward curve in steel edge 5 up towards a transition D to a tip of the ski. The tip's central sole surface 2 is curved upwards from a transition C. An angle between primary sole surface 1, 2 (sole surface in ski and tip) and the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 increases from the transition to the transition D and forwards in the tip to a cross section B between the cross sections C and A. The increase in the angle between the primary sole surface 1, 2 and the secondary sole surfaces 3, 4 typically occurs more rapidly from the transitions D to B than from the transitions F to D viewed per unit of length. This causes the uplift of the steel edge 5 measured in mm to also increase more rapidly from the transitions D to B than from the transitions F to D. From the transition B and forwards the angle between the primary sole surface 1, 2 and the secondary sole surfaces 3, 4 is phased out until it is zero at the front of the tip. This ski is partly twin tip and has a slightly more modest rear tip than front tip, and here a tripartite sliding surface is illustrated on the ski's rear part without any special functionality being implemented in the rear tip.

FIG. 2 illustrates approximately the same geometry of the ski as illustrated FIG. 1, but here the areas with secondary sole surfaces 3, 4 are of a slightly narrower design. The most important difference is that extra functionality is introduced with increasing uplift in the rear tip all the way back to the steel edge 5. In the sliding surface the ski has secondary sole surfaces 3 with a gradually increasing upward curve in the steel edge 5 up to the transition C, D to the tip. The tip's primary sole surface 2 is curved upwardly from the transition C. As shown here, the extra uplift of the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 starts in the same cross section C, D as the tip begins to curve upwards. The angle between the tip's primary sole surface 2 and the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 increases from the transition to the transition C, D and forwards in the tip to a transition B approximately halfway to a point A. From the transition B and forwards, the angle between the sole surfaces 2, 4 is kept constant, with the result that viewed from in front iv) the tip appears with two small angles, which is illustrated in a somewhat exaggerated way here. The same applies to the rear tip. The uplift of the steel edge 5 viewed in cross section relative to the sole surfaces 1, 2 measured in mm increases more rapidly from transition D to B than from transition F to D. From transition B and forwards the uplift measured in mm approaches zero even though the angle between the sole surfaces 2, 4 is kept constant.

FIG. 3 illustrates a further embodiment of a ski according to the present invention, where the ski is depicted with a truncated rear tip. The uplift in the steel edge 5 starts in transition F and increases cautiously up to transition D, from where the uplift is accelerated up to transition B. From transition B and forwards an angle (break) is maintained between the tip's primary sole surface 2 and the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4, but here the secondary sole surfaces 4 round the tip are continued right up to point A, thereby preventing any breaks in the steel edge 5 at any point in the tip. Left lateral sliding surface (secondary sole surface) 3 is wider than right lateral sliding surface (secondary sole surface) 3 viewed from below, in order to illustrate a possible asymmetrical solution. This asymmetry is also included in the tips. The accelerated uplift of the lateral sole surface already begins here in transition D, even though the tip in the central area begins in transition C. The uplift measured in mm in the steel edges 5 relative to the primary sole surface 1, 2 increases more rapidly from transition D to B than from transition F to D. On the ski's rear part the sliding surface is also divided into three, but since there is only a small, blunt rear tip, the increase in the uplift is terminated in the transition W, X to the rear tip, and from there, for example, a constant angle is maintained between the rear tip's sole surfaces 2, 4 all the way to transition Z.

FIG. 4 illustrates a so-called twin tip ski. A version is shown where the tip's primary sole surface 2 is reduced to a kind of keel forwards in the tip. The front and rear have been given a slightly different design in order to illustrate different variants, and there is no functional reason for one variant being at the front and the other at the rear. The uplift in the steel edges 5 is viewed in cross section relative to this primary sole surface or “keel” 2. The uplift measured in mm in the steel edges 5 relative to the lines j, k (m, l) increases more rapidly from the transition D (W) to B (Y) than from transition F (U) to D (W).

FIG. 5 i) illustrates a twin tip ski, where this twin tip ski has a primary sole surface 1 defined by the flat portion under the bindings and the portion of the ski touching the surface when the ski is pressed against the surface, thereby causing the camber to be pressed flat and the whole primary sole surface 1 to touch the ground. iii) Here the transition between primary sole surface 1 and the second sole surfaces 3 is diffuse (not so clear), since the transition between the sole surfaces 1, 3 is slow via a slight rounding, when viewed in cross section. In cases of diffuse transitions, portions which in cross section are located up to 0.5 mm over the ground when the longitudinal camber is depressed are also defined as belonging to or part of the primary sole surface 1, while portions located more than 0.5 mm over the surface belong to or are a part of the sliding surface's secondary sole surfaces 3. The lines j, k, l, m here mark the transition between the sole surfaces according to this definition. The slight curvature viewed in cross section in the primary sole surface 1 continues into the tip's primary sole surface 2. The dynamic in the ski is improved if the portions nearest the steel edges 5 are as flat as possible, so here a cross section of the lateral sole surfaces 3, 4 is illustrated as straight the last 2-4 cm nearest the steel edges 5, but a slight curvature does not provide such a great difference dynamically. The uplift measured in mm in the steel edges 5 is measured relative to the middle of the primary sole surface 1 if it is slightly curved. The uplift in the steel edges increases more rapidly from transition D to B than from transition F to D per unit of length. In order to better illustrate the curvature in the surfaces, the angles in the cross sections are exaggerated in the order of 2-4 times what we consider to be optimal from the dynamic point of view. Here too differences are shown at the front and rear of the ski in order to illustrate different design variants.

FIG. 6 illustrates a typical ski with a truncated rear tip, and a possible design of the sliding surface where there are only secondary sole surfaces on the ski's front portion. The uplift in the steel edges increases more rapidly from transition D to B than from transition F to D per unit of length.

FIG. 7 illustrates a twin tip ski with special raised edges in the middle in order to be able to slide sideways on rails and boxes (not shown) without catching the steel edges 5 so easily in rough patches in the rail or box. The uplift in the steel edges 5 in the middle is considered to be an extra functionality which has no bearing on the invention. According to the present invention the ski is provided with a tripartite sliding surface at the front and also the rear. The tip's primary sole surface 2 is reduced successively forwards from transition D, thereby splitting the front part of the tip's sole surface into two parts in the right and left secondary sole surface 4 towards the point A. In order to illustrate possibilities for variation, a slightly different version of the ski's rear part is shown.

FIG. 8 i) illustrates a ski where the flat sliding surface is divided into a right and left secondary sole surface 3 without retaining any flat sliding surface (primary sole surface) 1 between them, with the result that the flat sliding surface (primary sole surface) 1 is composed of a keel. From transition C, D the upward curve in the steel edge 5 is further increased relative to the keel. Here we have chosen to continue the angular increase between the secondary lateral surfaces right up to the point A. iv). This is seen in a characteristic break in the middle of the tip when viewed from in front.

Every variant which is illustrated on a sufficiently large tip can be used on all types of ski, whether it be a ski of the twin tip type, twin tip with a small rear tip or a ski with an ordinary tip and truncated rear tip.

In the sliding surface the secondary sole surfaces 3 will substantially twist upwards relative to the primary sole surface 1 and this twisting will increase at the transition D and some distance forwards in the tip to transition B.

Five tables are now set up illustrating skis of different lengths according to the present invention, and with examples of the uplift in the steel edges 5 relative to primary sole surface 1, 2, when viewed in cross section. Uplift and geometry are deliberately varied in order to illustrate different possibilities within the scope of the invention.

TABLE 1

One possible example of a directional ski 1650 mm long according to invention

Total width
Total width
Length
Length
Sidecut

at C (mm)
at G (mm)
C-G (mm)
G-X (mm)
radius.

114.0
65
780
720
12429

Width of
Width of
Uplift of

Calculated Angle

Distance

the primary
each of the
steel edge(5)
Steps of

between primary

from
Total width
sole (1, 2)
secondary(3, 4)
relative primary
steel edge

and

the tip
of the ski
surface
sole surfaces
sole(1, 2)
uplift
Cross
secondary sole

(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
section
(degrees)

0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
A

30
85
28
28
1.00
−1.00

2.02

60
103
34
34
2.50
−1.50

4.18

90
111
37
37
3.50
−1.00
B
5.43

120
114
38
38
2.50
1.00
C
3.77

150
110
37
37
1.90
0.60
D
2.97

180
107
36
36
1.73
0.18

2.78

210
103
34
34
1.56
0.17

2.59

240
100
33
33
1.39
0.16

2.40

270
97
32
32
1.24
0.16

2.20

300
94
31
31
1.09
0.15

1.99

330
91
30
30
0.95
0.14
E
1.79

360
88
29
29
0.81
0.13

1.58

390
86
29
29
0.69
0.13

1.37

420
84
28
28
0.57
0.12

1.17

450
81
27
27
0.45
0.11

0.96

480
79
26
26
0.35
0.11

0.76

510
77
26
26
0.25
0.10

0.56

540
75
25
25
0.16
0.09

0.37

570
74
25
25
0.08
0.08

0.18

600
72
72
0
0
0.08
F

630
71
71
0
0

660
70
70
0
0

If each part

690
69
69
0
0

of the cross

720
68
68
0
0

section of

750
67
67
0
0

the ski's sole

780
66
66
0
0

were totally

810
66
66
0
0

straight, then

840
65
65
0
0

the angle

870
65
65
0
0

between

900
65
65
0
0

G
the primary

930
65
65
0
0

sole (1, 2)

960
65
65
0
0

and the

990
66
66
0
0

secondary

1020
66
66
0
0

sole (3, 4)

1050
67
67
0
0

would

1080
68
68
0
0

have these

1110
69
69
0
0

theoretical

1140
70
70
0
0

figures

1170
71
71
0
0

1200
72
72
0
0

U

1230
74
25
25
0.08
−0.08

0.18

1260
75
25
25
0.16
−0.08

0.37

1290
77
26
26
0.25
−0.09

0.56

1320
79
26
26
0.35
−0.10

0.76

1350
81
27
27
0.45
−0.11

0.96

1380
84
28
28
0.57
−0.11

1.17

1410
86
29
29
0.69
−0.12

1.37

1440
88
29
29
0.81
−0.13
V
1.58

1470
91
30
30
0.95
−0.13

1.79

1500
94
31
31
1.09
−0.14

1.99

1530
97
32
32
1.24
−0.15

2.20

1560
100
33
33
1.39
−0.16

2.40

1590
103
34
34
1.56
−0.16

2.59

1620
107
36
36
1.73
−0.17
X
2.78

1650
100
33
33
1.90
−0.17
Z
3.27

This ski has normal uplift from F to D, and then the uplift increases from D to B as described by the invention

This ski has no special uplift at rear tip, it carries the uplift backwards with no substantial increase from X to Z

TABLE 2

One possible example of a twin tip ski 1710 mm long according to invention

Total width
Total width
Length
Length
Sidecut

at C (mm)
at G (mm)
C-G (mm)
G-X (mm)
radius.

110.0
77
750
690
17054

Width of
Width of
Uplift of

Calculated Angle

Distance

the primary
each of the
steel edge(5)
Steps of

between primary

from
Total width
sole (1, 2)
secondary(3, 4)
relative primary
steel edge

and

the tip
of the ski
surface
sole surfaces
sole(1, 2)
uplift
Cross
secondary sole

(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
section
(degrees)

0
0.0
0
0.0
0.00
0.00
A

30
85.0
5
40.0
2.00
−2.00

2.87

60
100.0
10
45.0
4.00
−2.00

5.10

90
107.0
15
46.0
5.00
−1.00
B
6.24

120
110.0
20
45.0
4.80
0.20

6.13

150
110.0
25
42.5
3.80
1.00
C
5.13

180
107.4
30
38.7
2.90
0.90

4.30

210
104.9
35
35.0
2.28
0.62
D
3.75

240
102.6
35
33.8
2.09
0.19

3.56

270
100.3
35
32.6
1.91
0.18

3.36

300
98.1
35
31.6
1.74
0.17

3.16

330
96.1
35
30.5
1.57
0.16

2.96

360
94.1
35
29.6
1.42
0.16

2.75

390
92.3
35
28.6
1.27
0.15

2.54

420
90.5
35
27.8
1.13
0.14

2.34

450
88.9
35
26.9
1.00
0.13
E
2.13

480
87.3
35
26.2
0.88
0.12

1.92

510
85.9
35
25.5
0.76
0.11

1.72

540
84.6
35
24.8
0.66
0.11

1.52

570
83.4
35
24.2
0.56
0.10

If each part

600
82.3
35
23.6
0.47
0.09

of the cross

630
81.3
35
23.1
0.39
0.08

section of

660
80.4
35
22.7
0.32
0.07

the ski's sole

690
79.6
35
22.3
0.26
0.06

were totally

720
78.9
35
21.9
0.20
0.05

straight, then

750
78.3
35
21.7
0.16
0.05

the angle

780
77.8
35
21.4
0.12
0.04

between

810
77.5
35
21.2
0.09
0.03

the primary

840
77.2
35
21.1
0.07
0.02

sole (1, 2)

870
77.1
35
21.0
0.05
0.01

and the

900
77.0
35
21.0
0.05
0.00
F, G, U
secondary

930
77.1
35
21.0
0.05
0.00

sole (3, 4)

960
77.2
35
21.1
0.07
−0.01

would

990
77.5
35
21.2
0.09
−0.02

have these

1020
77.8
35
21.4
0.12
−0.03

theoretical

1050
78.3
35
21.7
0.16
−0.04

figures

1080
78.9
35
21.9
0.20
−0.05

0.53

1110
79.6
35
22.3
0.26
−0.05

0.66

1140
80.4
35
22.7
0.32
−0.06

0.81

1170
81.3
35
23.1
0.39
−0.07

0.97

1200
82.3
35
23.6
0.47
−0.08

1.15

1230
83.4
35
24.2
0.56
−0.09

1.33

1260
84.6
35
24.8
0.66
−0.10

1.52

1290
85.9
35
25.5
0.76
−0.11
V
1.72

1320
87.3
35
26.2
0.88
−0.11

1.92

1350
88.9
35
26.9
1.00
−0.12

2.13

1380
90.5
35
27.8
1.13
−0.13

2.34

1410
92.3
35
28.6
1.27
−0.14

2.54

1440
94.1
35
29.6
1.42
−0.15

2.75

1470
96.1
35
30.5
1.57
−0.16

2.96

1500
98.1
35
31.6
1.74
−0.16

3.16

1530
100.3
30
35.1
1.91
−0.17
W
3.12

1560
102.6
25
38.8
2.80
−0.89

4.14

1590
104.9
20
42.5
3.50
−0.70
X
4.73

1620
105.0
15
45.0
4.00
−0.50
Y
5.10

1650
100.0
10
45.0
3.00
1.00

3.82

1680
80.0
5
37.5
1.50
1.50

2.29

1710
0.0
0
0.0
0.00
1.50
Z

This ski has uplifted steeledges along the entire sole, from G, F, U to D and W, and then the uplift increases from I and from W to Y as described by the invention

TABLE 3

One possible example of a twin tip ski 1740 mm long according to invention

Total width
Total width
Length
Length
Sidecut

at C (mm)
at G (mm)
C-G (mm)
G-X (mm)
radius.

115.0
85
720
720
17288

Width of
Width of
Uplift of

Calculated Angle

Distance

the primary
each of the
steel edge(5)
Steps of

between primary

from
Total width
sole (1, 2)
secondary(3, 4)
relative primary
steel edge

and

the tip
of the ski
surface
sole surfaces
sole(1, 2)
uplift
Cross
secondary sole

(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
section
(degrees)

0
0.0
0
0.0
0.00
0.00
A

30
85.0
3
41.0
2.00
−2.00

2.80

60
100.0
6
47.0
4.00
−2.00

4.88

90
108.0
9
49.5
4.50
−0.50
B
5.22

120
113.0
12
50.5
4.20
0.30

4.77

150
115.0
15
50.0
3.70
0.50
C
4.25

180
112.6
18
47.3
3.20
0.50

3.88

210
110.2
21
44.6
2.80
0.40
D
3.60

240
108.0
24
42.0
2.49
0.31

3.40

270
105.8
27
39.4
2.19
0.30

3.18

300
103.8
30
36.9
1.90
0.28

2.96

330
101.9
33
34.4
1.63
0.27

2.72

360
100.0
36
32.0
1.38
0.26
E
2.47

390
98.3
39
29.7
1.14
0.24

2.20

420
96.7
42
27.4
0.91
0.23

1.91

450
95.2
45
25.1
0.70
0.21

1.60

480
93.8
48
22.9
0.50
0.20

1.26

510
92.5
51
20.7
0.32
0.18

0.88

540
91.3
54
18.6
0.15
0.17

0.47

570
90.2
90
0.0
0.00
0.15
F
0.00

600
89.2
89
0.0
0.00
0.00

630
88.3
88
0.0
0.00

If each part

660
87.6
88
0.0
0.00

of the cross

690
86.9
87
0.0
0.00

section of

720
86.3
86
0.0
0.00

the ski's sole

750
85.8
86
0.0
0.00

were totally

780
85.5
85
0.0
0.00

straight, then

810
85.2
85
0.0
0.00

the angle

840
85.1
85
0.0
0.00

between

870
85.0
85
0.0
0.00

G
the primary

900
85.1
85
0.0
0.00

sole (1, 2)

930
85.2
85
0.0
0.00

and the

960
85.5
85
0.0
0.00

secondary

990
85.8
86
0.0
0.00

sole (3, 4)

1020
86.3
86
0.0
0.00

would

1050
86.9
87
0.0
0.00

have these

1080
87.6
88
0.0
0.00

theoretical

1110
88.3
88
0.0
0.00

figures

1140
89.2
89
0.0
0.00

1170
90.2
90
0.0
0.00
0.00
U
0

1200
91.3
54
18.6
0.15
−0.15

0.47

1230
92.5
51
20.7
0.32
−0.17

0.88

1260
93.8
48
22.9
0.50
−0.18

1.26

1290
95.2
45
25.1
0.70
−0.20

1.60

1320
96.7
42
27.4
0.91
−0.21

1.91

1350
98.3
39
29.7
1.14
−0.23

2.20

1380
100.0
36
32.0
1.38
−0.24
V
2.47

1410
101.9
33
34.4
1.63
−0.26

2.72

1440
103.8
30
36.9
1.90
−0.27

2.96

1470
105.8
27
39.4
2.19
−0.28

3.18

1500
108.0
24
42.0
2.49
−0.30

3.40

1530
110.2
21
44.6
2.80
−0.31
W
3.60

1560
112.6
18
47.3
3.20
−0.40

3.88

1590
115.0
15
50.0
3.70
−0.50
X
4.25

1620
113.0
12
50.5
4.20
−0.50
Y
4.77

1650
108.0
9
49.5
4.50
−0.30

5.22

1680
100.0
6
47.0
4.00
0.50

4.88

1710
85.0
3
41.0
2.00
2.00

2.80

1740
0.0
0
0.0
0.00
2.00
Z

This ski has normal uplift from F to D, and then the uplift increases from D to B as described by the invention

This ski has normal uplift from U to W, and then the uplift increases from W to Y as described by the invention

TABLE 4

One possible example of a ski 1800 mm long with a smaller rear tip according to invention

Total width
Total width
Length
Length
Sidecut

at C (mm)
at G (mm)
C-G (mm)
G-X (mm)
radius.

140.0
86
990
750
18164

Width of
Width of
Uplift of

Calculated Angle

Distance

the primary
each of the
steel edge(5)
Steps of

between primary

from
Total width
sole (1, 2)
secondary(3, 4)
relative primary
steel edge

and

the tip
of the ski
surface
sole surfaces
sole(1, 2)
uplift
Cross
secondary sole

(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
section
(degrees)

0
0.0
0
0.0
0.00
0.00
A

30
100.0
0
50.0
3.00
−3.00

60
122.0
0
61.0
5.00
−2.00

4.70

90
132.0
10
61.0
7.00
−2.00

6.59

120
137.0
20
58.5
7.50
−0.50
B
7.37

150
140.0
30
55.0
6.80
0.70
C
7.11

180
136.8
34
51.3
5.50
1.30

6.16

210
133.6
33
50.1
4.20
1.30
D
4.81

240
130.6
33
49.0
3.30
0.90

3.86

270
127.7
32
47.9
2.50
0.80

2.99

300
124.9
31
46.8
1.80
0.70
E
2.20

330
122.1
31
45.8
1.20
0.60

1.50

360
119.5
30
44.8
0.70
0.50

0.90

390
117.0
29
43.9
0.30
0.40

0.39

420
114.6
115
0.0
0
0.30
F

450
112.2
112
0.0
0

480
110.0
110
0.0
0

If each part

510
107.9
108
0.0
0

of the cross

540
105.8
106
0.0
0

section of

570
103.9
104
0.0
0

the ski's sole

600
102.1
102
0.0
0

were totally

630
100.3
100
0.0
0

straight, then

660
98.7
99
0.0
0

the angle

690
97.2
97
0.0
0

between

720
95.7
96
0.0
0

the primary

750
94.4
94
0.0
0

sole (1, 2)

780
93.1
93
0.0
0

and the

810
92.0
92
0.0
0

secondary

840
91.0
91
0.0
0

sole (3, 4)

870
90.0
90
0.0
0

would

900
89.2
89
0.0
0

have these

930
88.4
88
0.0
0

theoretical

960
87.8
88
0.0
0

figures

990
87.2
87
0.0
0

1020
86.8
87
0.0
0

1050
86.4
86
0.0
0

1080
86.2
86
0.0
0

1110
86.0
86
0.0
0

1140
86.0
86
0.0
0

1170
86.0
86
0.0
0

1200
86.2
86
0.0
0

1230
86.4
86
0.0
0

1260
86.8
87
0.0
0

1290
87.2
87
0.0
0

1320
87.8
88
0.0
0

1350
88.4
88
0.0
0

1380
89.2
89
0.0
0

1410
90.0
90
0.0
0

1440
91.0
91
0.0
0

1470
92.0
92
0.0
0

1500
93.1
93
0.0
0

1530
94.4
94
0.0
0

1560
95.7
96
0.0
0

1590
97.2
97
0.0
0

1620
98.7
99
0.0
0

1650
100.3
100
0.0
0

1680
102.1
102
0.0
0

1710
103.9
104
0.0
0

1740
105.8
106
0.0
0

X

1770
95.0
95
0.0
0

1800
0.0
0
0.0
0

Z

The ski has normal uplift from F to D, and then the uplift accelerates from D to C as described by the invention, and the uplift reaches the maximum uplift in B. This ski has no uplifted secondary soles at the rear end.

TABLE 5

One possible example of a directional twin tip ski 1850 mm long according to invention

Total width
Total width
Length
Length
Sidecut

at C (mm)
at G (mm)
C-G (mm)
G-X (mm)
radius.

150.0
122
810
720
23439

Width of
Width of
Uplift of

Calculated Angle

Distance

the primary
each of the
steel edge(5)
Steps of

between primary

from
Total width
sole (1, 2)
secondary(3, 4)
relative primary
steel edge
Cross
and

the tip
of the ski
surface
sole surfaces
sole(1, 2)
uplift
section
secondary sole

(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
section
(degrees)

0
0.00

0.00

A

30
100.0
0
50.0
1.00
−1.00

1.15

60
125.0
0
62.5
3.00
−2.00

2.75

90
137.0
0
68.5
5.00
−2.00

4.19

120
144.0
0
72.0
6.00
−1.00
B
4.78

150
148.0
0
74.0
5.50
0.50

4.26

180
150.0
15
67.5
4.50
1.00
C
3.82

210
148.0
30
59.0
3.50
1.00
D
3.41

240
146.0
45
50.5
3.19
0.31

3.62

270
144.1
45
49.6
2.89
0.30

3.34

300
142.3
45
48.7
2.60
0.29

3.07

330
140.6
45
47.8
2.32
0.28

2.79

360
138.9
45
47.0
2.06
0.26

2.51

390
137.4
45
46.2
1.81
0.25
E
2.24

420
135.9
45
45.4
1.57
0.24

1.98

450
134.4
45
44.7
1.34
0.23

1.72

480
133.1
45
44.0
1.13
0.22

1.47

510
131.8
45
43.4
0.92
0.20

1.22

540
130.6
45
42.8
0.73
0.19

0.98

570
129.5
45
42.3
0.55
0.18

0.75

600
128.5
45
41.7
0.39
0.17

0.53

630
127.5
45
41.3
0.23
0.15

0.33

660
126.6
45
40.8
0.09
0.14
F
0.13

690
125.8
126
0.0
0

720
125.1
125
0.0
0

If each part

750
124.5
124
0.0
0

of the cross

780
123.9
124
0.0
0

section of

810
123.4
123
0.0
0

the ski's sole

840
123.0
123
0.0
0

were totally

870
122.6
123
0.0
0

straight, then

900
122.3
122
0.0
0

the angle

930
122.2
122
0.0
0

between

960
122.0
122
0.0
0

the primary

990
122.0
122
0.0
0

sole (1, 2)

1020
122.0
122
0.0
0

and the

1050
122.2
122
0.0
0

secondary

1080
122.3
122
0.0
0

sole (3, 4)

1110
122.6
123
0.0
0

would

1140
123.0
123
0.0
0

have these

1170
123.4
123
0.0
0

theoretical

1200
123.9
124
0.0
0

figures

1230
124.5
124
0.0
0

1260
125.1
125
0.0
0

1290
125.8
126
0.0
0

U

1320
126.6
40
43.3
0.09
−0.09

0.12

1350
127.5
40
43.8
0.23
−0.14

0.31

1380
128.5
40
44.2
0.39
−0.15

0.50

1410
129.5
40
44.8
0.55
−0.17

0.71

1440
130.6
40
45.3
0.73
−0.18

0.93

1470
131.8
40
45.9
0.92
−0.19

1.15

1500
133.1
40
46.5
1.13
−0.20
V
1.39

1530
134.4
40
47.2
1.34
−0.22

1.63

1560
135.9
40
47.9
1.57
−0.23

1.88

1590
137.4
40
48.7
1.81
−0.24

2.13

1620
138.9
40
49.5
2.06
−0.25

2.39

1650
140.6
40
50.3
2.32
−0.26

2.65

1680
142.3
40
51.2
2.60
−0.28

2.92

1710
144.1
40
52.1
2.89
−0.29
W, X
3.18

1740
142.0
40
51.0
4.00
−1.11
Y
4.50

1770
138.0
40
49.0
4.00
0.00

4.68

1800
130.0
40
45.0
2.50
1.50

3.19

1830
110.0
40
35.0
1.00
1.50

1.64

1860
0.0

0.0
0.00
1.00
Z

This ski has normal uplift from F to D, and then the uplift increases from D to B as described by the invention

This ski has normal uplift from U to W, and then the uplift increases from W to Y as described by the invention

It should be apparent from the above that despite choice and combination of special features which are partly known from already known skis, many modifications are possible. The invention is based on the combination of selected features in such a manner that a result is produced with a unique and improved functionality for the ski, where the described three-dimensional geometry for the sliding surface is accelerated into the tip, thereby retaining the three-dimensional geometry's general positive functionality, while adding the tip functionality particularly for use in loose snow and slush.

SKI WITH TRI-DIMENSIONAL SKI SURFACE

Information

Publication Number

Date Filed

Date Published

Inventors

Original Assignees

CPC

US Classifications

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (1)

PCT Information