Approximately 65 Million American adults suffer from sleep disordered breathing conditions where 1 in 5 adults has obstructive sleep apnea or central sleep apnea conditions. Of this population, approximately only 1 in 15 adults are properly screened, tested and then treated for this condition, but leaves a large gap of patients untested. As the population continues to increase and obesity prevalence increases, sleep disordered breathing conditions will continue to rise as a medical condition required to be treated. Untreated sleep disordered breathing conditions has been shown to increase chance of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, depression, cancer, and other medical conditions.
The current method of evaluating and screening patients for sleep apnea utilizes two different testing methodologies, either an in-lab based monitored sleep test or an unmonitored home sleep test. For many years the gold standard of sleep diagnostic testing was determined to be an in-lab study, but due to customer convenience and cost to the patient, home sleep testing was introduced to the market approximately 5 years back and has been gaining acceptance through the medical community. Though a home sleep test cannot evaluate patients for the full spectrum of sleep disorders, it is an effective tool in screening patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Most devices in this space consist of a small electronic module capable of detecting body signals such as, pulse rate, blood oxygen level, breathing effort, and nasal air flow.
The data from the overnight sleep test is stored on the module and the patient either ships the unit back to the service provider or drops the unit off physically. Once the provider receives the device, they will manually download the data from the device into a scoring program capable of viewing and commenting on various sleep markers. Once the full night's data is evaluated, the results of the data are summarized and sent to a board certified sleep physician in order to review and sign off on the report and treatment plan. This report is then typically sent back to the ordering physician and/or patient directly for further review. The following steps summarize the typical process, which includes an order from a physician to a sleep lab or home study provider, contacting the patient to inform them of the script receipt and scheduling of test, the provider obtaining authorization from the patient's insurance company, if required, picking up or shipping a home sleep test device from the provider office to the patient. The patient then utilizes the device for 1-2 nights to acquire data, and either drops off or ships device back to provider. The provider scores data and sends to sleep physician for review. The sleep physician then sends interpreted and signed results back to the referring physician.
With the proliferation of smart phone use globally, there is a consensus that introducing medical based testing through the smart phone would be able to screen and reach a larger section of the population more cost effectively. The current estimate of smart phone users globally by the end of 2018 is expected to be 2.5-3 billion people.
The present disclosure describes an alternative and novel system and method for home testing. In one embodiment, patients are diagnosed utilizing a patient's smart phone to collect biometric signals from the patient through the use of sensors placed on the patient's body. The biometric signals represent data that can be analyzed to diagnose various patent afflictions manifested while the person sleeps, works, or carries out other normal daily activities. The tests are done using sensors that are attached to the patient securely and that communicate with a smart device such as a mobile phone. The testing process can include collecting, preprocessing and communicating data and conclusions between the patient and the doctor or data center that processes the data. This novel approach includes at least the following steps:
It is noted that, globally, in other markets outside the US, a physician sign off may not be required, which may also be the case or an option for patients that pay for their service without contribution from an insurance company. There are few to no current home test units and sensors that are shipped to a patients home. Known units are specialized, such as a heart monitor, which are installed on the patient at a physician's office and are then mailed into a service for analysis and generation of conclusions and results. The new implementation, as described in the present disclosure, saves on shipping costs by only having to ship out the sensors themselves, which reduces shipping costs to less than 0.25 lb. In order to provide home testing to a larger percentage of the population, a mobile app based testing solution can provide effective testing, scoring, and clinical results to patients in a cost effective manner than existing portable testing units.
In one aspect, therefore, the present disclosure describes a method for conducting a biomedical signal analysis using sensors placed on various parts of the body of a patient, which are used to read, store and process biometric data while the patient is sleeping, working, or going about normal daily activities. The method includes initiating a test script, and providing the script to a patient. Testing hardware is shipped hardware from a provider to the patient, and instructions are provided to the patient for connecting the testing hardware to a mobile computing device. A mobile sleep application is downloaded and installed onto the mobile computing device. The testing hardware is connected to the testing hardware and to the mobile computing device, and the test is conducted using the mobile sleep application operating on the mobile computing device.
In another aspect, the present disclosure describes a diagnostic system that includes a set of testing hardware, the testing hardware comprising: a plurality of sensors adapted for mounting onto a patient's body, the plurality of sensors configured to provide signals indicative of patient parameters, and a sensor interface device, the sensor interface device being connectable via mechanical and electrical connections to the plurality of sensors, the sensor interface device being adapted to further mechanically and electrically connect to a mobile computing device. A mobile application stored on non-transient computer media includes computer executable instructions that are executable by a processor of the mobile computing device, and a cloud environment operating on at least one cloud server, the at least one cloud server being communicatively connected with the mobile computing device for data transfer therebetween. During a test, information acquired form the plurality of sensors is stored as a data set on a memory device of the mobile computing device and transmitted to the cloud environment upon test completion for processing.
In yet another aspect, the disclosure describes a method for conducting a sleep test for a patient at home. The method includes receiving at a provider a prescription from a physician relative to a patient for conducting a test, for example, an electro-cardiogram (ECG), collecting patient information at the provider relative to the patient, providing information to the patient from the provider relative to downloading and installing onto a mobile computing device of the patient a monitoring mobile application sending to the patient from the provider a set of testing hardware, the set of testing hardware including a plurality of external sensors and a sensor interface device, the plurality of external sensors being connectable via wired connections to the sensor interface device, and the sensor interface device being connectable via wired connection to the mobile computing device of the patient, wherein the patient is adapted to connect the set of testing hardware to the mobile computing device, conduct a test, and acquire a set of data that is stored in encrypted form within the monitoring mobile application, and receiving at the provider the set of data after completion of the test.
With the proliferation of smart phone use globally, there is a consensus that introducing medical based testing through the smart phone would be able to screen and reach a larger section of the population more cost effectively. The current estimate of smart phone users globally by the end of 2018 is expected to be 2.5-3 billion people.
The present disclosure describes a system and method for conducting a home test model to diagnose patients utilizing a patient's smart phone to conduct the test at home by collecting, preprocessing and communicating sleep data and conclusions between the patient and the doctor or data center that processes the data.
A method for conducting the test in accordance with the disclosure is shown in the flowchart of
If applicable, the provider may obtain authorization from the insurance company of the patient, or patient may pay for the test themselves at 106. The provider may then ship to the patient hardware in the form of a sensor interface device, the sensors themselves, and other supplies needed for the patient to use the sensors at 108. Before conducting the test, the patient can download the provider's mobile phone application at 110, which can include a single-use license from the provider. The patient can then carry out the test at 112, which will result in a body of data from the various sensors being acquired and saved in the mobile phone via the mobile application at 114. The body of data, or data set, is then uploaded from the patient's mobile phone to a secure cloud at 116, where a scoring algorithm that is stored in the cloud can sort, normalize and score the data automatically. A summary report is generated at 118 that is made available for a physician to view and authorize. It is contemplated that the physician's review and authorization is optional and may be replaced, for certain tests and in certain countries, with an automated processing and report from the biometric data analysis system server operating in the cloud. The results are then transmitted to the patient via the mobile app at 120.
It is noted that, globally, in markets outside the U.S., a physician sign off may not be required, which may also be the case or an option for patients that pay for their service without contribution from an insurance company. The current home test units and sensors are shipped to a patients home and typically weigh 3 lbs or more with the unit, sensors and packaging, or are smaller units installed at doctors' offices. The new system and method in accordance with the disclosure leverages the computing and communication capabilities of a mobile computing device such as a mobile phone, which also include internal sensors, and augments those capabilities with other sensors that are sent to the patient and that are connectable to the mobile phone. In this way, shipping costs and complexity for conducting the test is reduced to the point where the patient can administer the test on themselves at home.
A schematic for a diagnosis system 200 in accordance with the disclosure is shown in
In order to provide home testing to a larger percentage of the population, a mobile app based testing solution installed and operating on the mobile computer 214 provides effective testing, scoring, and clinical results to patients in a cost effective manner than existing portable testing units.
In one embodiment, the testing hardware 210 can include sensors and appropriate wiring to connect the sensors to the mobile computer 214. These sensors can include both external sensors mounted onto the patient's body, and also internal sensors of the mobile computer. In the illustrated embodiment, external sensors can include a blood oxygen level sensor, a breath rate sensor, a heartbeat sensor, and a nasal air flow sensor, all with adapters that allow connection of the sensors to clothing or around a patients face. These sensors, as well as onboard sensors of the mobile device, can provide sufficient information for a diagnosis based on the results of a test. Various examples of external sensors that are contemplated for use in a system in accordance with the disclosure are described in the paragraphs that follow.
Before turning to the sensors, various system diagrams on the connections and operation of the mobile computer will be described. A block diagram for a sleep diagnosis system 300 is shown in
For example, the respiratory sensor 304 may include an adjustable belt 502 word around the torso of the patient. The belt 502, shown in
The nasal cannula 302 shown in
Finally, the blood oxygen sensor 306, shown in
These and other sensors are connected via wiring to a sensor interface device 308, an example of which is shown in
More specifically, the interface device 308 includes a chassis 314 onto which the micro-controller 310 is mounted and operates. Power now can be utilized with AA batteries or another size depending on power consumption of overall sensors and type. Power may also alternatively or in addition be provided from the smartphone 508 through the USB interface 312 to power the sensors and the controller. In the case of a wireless interface 312 power may be provided from batteries. The mechanical interfaces or plugs 310 are attached to the chassis 314, and signals from the sensors are provided through electrical interfaces 316 directly to the micro-controller 310. Onboard power management devices 318 for conditioning and controlling electrical power operating the various components, and headers 320 for managing the transfer of digital information to the smartphone 508 can also be used on the chassis 314.
The smartphone 508 may include an application environment 322 that includes a USB interface or driver 324 operating to convey information containing sensor readings from the micro-controller 310 into the environment for processing and storage. Specifically, a host controller 326 may receive, categorize and store information from the various sensors into dedicated memory locations for each sensor, for example, a nasal air flow data location 328, the breathing sensor data location 330, and the blood oxygen data location 332 while the test is underway. The host controller 326 may also monitor and record information during a test from onboard sensors of the smartphone 508, and store information from those onboard sensors as well in dedicated memory locations.
It should be appreciated that the sleep mobile application, and also any other modules discussed herein, in certain embodiments, may be embodied as a computer application or program. The computer program may exist in a variety of forms both active and inactive. For example, the computer program can exist as software program(s) comprised of program instructions in source code, object code, executable code or other formats; firmware program(s); or hardware description language (HDL) files. Any of the above can be embodied on a computer readable medium, which includes computer readable storage devices and media, and signals, in compressed or uncompressed form. Exemplary computer readable storage devices and media include conventional computer system RAM (random access memory), ROM (read-only memory), EPROM (erasable, programmable ROM), EEPROM (electrically erasable, programmable ROM), and magnetic or optical disks or tapes. Exemplary computer readable signals, whether modulated using a carrier or not, are signals that a computer system hosting or running the present teachings can be configured to access, including signals downloaded through the Internet or other networks. Concrete examples of the foregoing include distribution of executable software program(s) of the computer program on a CD-ROM or via Internet download. In a sense, the Internet itself, as an abstract entity, is a computer readable medium. The same is true of computer networks in general.
With respect to onboard sensors, for example, the mobile application may further utilize the phone gyroscope to track and determine the body's position and level of activity during the test. This is handled through a holding plate 510 (
The various external sensors may be integrated into one single connector for an iPhone lightning jack or micro usb connector or separate batteries capable of providing power to all four sensors through the phone. These two connector types would support all standard smart phone jacks. It is also a further development to isolate the individual sensors into a separate battery based Bluetooth module to enable communications between the sensors and the app utilizing wireless communications. The phone circuit power will also provide any necessary voltage for the individual sensors. There will be a separate pigtail connectors coming off the base unit with iPhone lightning jack, micro usb, or other so that this single connector can be used with multiple phone types.
It is a further embodiment of the present disclosure to have a licensing key server which will allow the sleep service providers to upload information on a patient including name, address, date of birth, contact info, email, Insurance info etc. After a patient profile has been created, the sleep lab personnel can then create a unique security key which will be valid for a single or two night usage depending on selection which will then be texted/emailed to the patient directly. This unique key will have to be entered into the app before further functions are enabled and the sleep diagnostic test can begin.
An exemplary embodiment of a system that can accomplish having all data within the app to remain encrypted for security HIPPA compliance of patient specific medical data is shown in
A further aspect of the present disclosure is a mobile application that provides screens or user interfaces to allow the user to ensure security by utilizing a secret key, provide instructional details on how to connect the sensors to their body and phone, to provide tools to determine whether or not the sensors are functioning and/or are connected properly, to validate whether the phone collected sleep data properly and consistently during a sleep session or over a predefined period, for example, overnight, provide diagnostic tools and messages to provide feedback to the user while either collecting, processing, or uploading data, to provide a report formatted with the test results through the app once scored, and other features. Exemplary views of such user interfaces are provided in
More specifically, an initial screen 702 is shown in
The patient information screen 708 presents to the patient the demographic and identifying information 710 that the provider has on file for the particular patient, for verification, and prompts the user to contact the provider using a banner 712 to contact the provider in the event information at 710 is in any way inaccurate. Upon confirmation of the patient's information by the patient, an initiation screen 714 is presented. At the initiation screen, the application may first diagnose the connective state and operation of the various external sensors that will be used during the test, and provide a list or dashboard 716 that lists the various sensors that are required and indicate an online state or condition of each sensor. In the illustrated example, a “Y” or “N” is used to qualitatively characterize the condition of each sensor, but any other method can be used that includes visible and/or audible prompts generated by the application. In the event one sensor is not reporting a condition that is suitable to initiate the test, a warning 718 is displayed. The warning may be selectable to launch a tutorial to aid the user in properly connecting the sensors to their smartphone using the testing hardware that was supplied to the patient by the provider.
When all the sensor warnings have been cleared, for example, by ensuring that all sensors are connected properly, the test may be initiated. During the test, a progress screen 720 as shown in
While the data is uploading at the status screen 724, also shown in
In this respect, in one aspect, the present disclosure describes transmitting the collected data securely and in an encrypted format to a cloud based FDA approved algorithmic software in order to analyze and mark specific sleep events within the patient's home sleep test. In addition, other algorithmic software that is FDS approved may be used to analyze various biometric signals and diagnose or mark other ailments outside of sleep. Examples include cardiac arrhythmia, depression, anxiety, and the like. This algorithm will analyze events such as apnea hypopnea index, snoring, cardiac events, and other identifiable conditions. The data from the scoring algorithm will then be transferred to a data report processing server. The server will compile the event data and automatically generate a template report showing patients clinic assessment from the sleep test. In certain alternative embodiments, which may include additional sensor types such as EKG pickups, heartrate monitors, motion sensors, temperature sensors, perspiration sensors and the like, the algorithmic software may be used to additionally diagnose or provide conclusions related to seizure and brain activity during sleep, intensity of dreams, cardiac-related issues, and others.
It is another object of the present disclosure to utilize the data report processing server to automatically assess data as calculated by the scoring server and determine a patient's level of condition severity. The typical categories will be light moderate or acute depression, anxiety, apnea, mild apnea, moderate apnea, and severe apnea, and others. The server will automatically format a sample clinical report as shown below, which includes information and represents an exemplary report that can either be generated automatically by the system and approved by an attending physician or provided for reference directly to the patient.
SomnoMed App is a smart application that will be used to diagnose various conditions. A sample report and the information it can contain is provided below:
PATIENT NAME: Smith, John
PATIENT #: fad-JS-54
DATE OF BIRTH: 1955-08-19
REFERRER: Bob Jones MD
DATE OF STUDY: 2018-05-25
DATE OF INTERPRETATION: 2018-05-30 18:14:43
INTERPRETING PHYSICIAN: William Smith MD
TECH: Adam Warrant
HOME STUDY INTERPRETATION Physician Interpretation: Impressions
1. Severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
2. Snoring was recorded.
Recommendations
1. The patient should be scheduled for a therapeutic sleep study with CPAP/Bilevel titration.
2. Begin a medically supervised program to achieve and maintain ideal body weight.
3. Sleep in a non-supine position
4. Avoid bedtime alcohol and sedatives
5. Avoid operating heavy equipment
6. Avoid driving while feeling drowsy
Signed Electronically 2018-05-30 18:14:43
William Smith, M.D.
Pulmonary Disease/Sleep Medicine
Recommendation of this report should be communicated to the patient by the referring physician. The interpreting physician is available for questions regarding this report.
TECHNICAL REPORT:
Patient History:
Laura Smith is a 62 year old male who is 68 inches tall and weighs 185 pounds. The patient has a neck circumference of N/A inches, and a BMI of 27.8. The patient complaints include snoring and fatigue. The patient has an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 5/24, and is not a user of tobacco products.
Medications: None listed
Allergies: NKDA
Day of Study: Medications: None listed Nap: No
Alcohol: No
Caffeine: Yes
Protocol:
The study was performed using the SomnoMed system. The channels recorded were: Airflow acquired with a nasal pressure cannula. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was monitored using a pulse oximeter. Thoracic respiratory movements were recorded by respiratory inductive plethysmography. The tracing was scored using 30 second epochs. Hypopneas were scored per AASM definition.
Position:
The patient slept in the supine, right side position(s).
Sleep Latency:
The patient's sleep onset latency after lights out was 0.0 minutes. The Stage R sleep latency from sleep onset was N/A minutes.
Total Sleep Time:
Because of the nature of a home sleep test, a 100% of the data is scored as Stage 2 sleep.
Respiratory:
The patient was observed to have had a total number of 74 apneas and hypopneas with an AHI index of 34.7 per hour during total sleep time. The normal AHI index is less than 5 per hour. There were 24 obstructive apneas, 0 mixed apneas, 9 central apneas, and 41 hypopneas.
Oxygenation:
The patient had an average oxygen saturation of 93%. The minimum oxygen level was 75%. Pulse Oximeters are accurate to a low SpO2 of 70% (+,−3).
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and “at least one” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of the term “at least one” followed by a list of one or more items (for example, “at least one of A and B”) is to be construed to mean one item selected from the listed items (A or B) or any combination of two or more of the listed items (A and B), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/679,420, filed on Jun. 1, 2018, and is a continuation in part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/428,356, filed on May 31, 2019, which are incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62679420 | Jun 2018 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 16428356 | May 2019 | US |
Child | 17505103 | US |