As part of hydrocarbon recovery from subsurface formations into which a wellbore is formed, different zones of the subsurface formations may be stimulated in order to assist and maximize recovery of hydrocarbons. For example, stimulation may enable extraction of hydrocarbons that may be trapped in unconventional formations.
Embodiments of the disclosure may be better understood by referencing the accompanying drawings.
The description that follows includes example systems, methods, techniques, and program flows that embody aspects of the disclosure. However, it is understood that this disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obfuscate the description.
Example embodiments may include a sleeve to be positioned in a wellbore and to be used for stimulation operations. For example, some implementations may be used for fracking operations of the surrounding subsurface formation. Some implementations may include a single sleeve having at least three positions and at least two baffles. A first position may be a first closed position. For example, the sleeve may be in the first closed position when running the sleeve downhole into position. In response to dropping a first object downhole into the sleeve, the sleeve may then be moved to a second position—an open position to allow for stimulation via stimulation ports. For example, the sleeve may be moved into the open position in response to the first object being dropped into a first baffle of the sleeve (after passing through a second baffle). In some implementations, the first baffle may be a multi-entry (ME) baffle that includes an expandable seat. The second baffle may be a single entry (SE) baffle that includes a solid (non-expandable) seat.
The sleeve may have at least two shear members. A first shear member may be sheared in response to a pressure increase in the sleeve caused by the first object being in the seat of the first baffle. This shearing of the first shear member may result in the sleeve moving downward to the open position. In response to the shearing of the first shear member, the first baffle may also extrude outwards to allow the first object to pass. However, the sleeve will be stopped from further downwards by a second shear member. Thus, the sleeve is in an open position to allow this zone of the subsurface formation to be fracked. In response to the pressure increase caused by the first object being in the first baffle, the sleeve may move downward (because of the shearing of the first shear member). In turn, this may cause the inner diameter of the first baffle to expand outwards. This increase in the inner diameter of the first baffle enables the first object to travel further downward and to be seated in the second baffle of a different sleeve positioned below this current sleeve in the wellbore. This may result in closing the stimulation ports of this different sleeve below.
After stimulation (e.g., fracking) is complete for the zone of the subsurface formation where this sleeve is positioned, a second object (larger than the first object) is dropped into the sleeve. This second object may open the first baffle of the sleeve above this current sleeve—landing in the second baffle of the current sleeve. In response to dropping the second object into the sleeve, the sleeve may then be moved to a third position—a second closed position to close the stimulation port. For example, the sleeve may be moved into the second closed position in response to the second object being dropped into a seat of a second baffle of the sleeve. The sleeve may have a second shear member that is sheared in response to a pressure increase in the sleeve caused by the second object being in the seat of the second baffle. This shearing of the second shear member may result in the sleeve moving downward to the second closed position.
Some implementations may include erodible nozzles. These erodible nozzles may initially choke or block the flow through the stimulation ports in order to allow sufficient flow of the fluid downhole to ensure that the first object lands in a different sleeve below in order to close this different sleeve. For example, the erodible nozzles may be composed of material that when exposed to the stimulation fluid breaks down or dissolves over time. Then, after the erodible nozzles in the current sleeve erode, fracking of the current subsurface formation may occur through stimulation ports of the current sleeve. This process may be repeated on multiple zones having sleeves with baffles with incrementally larger inner diameters and dropping incrementally larger objects.
Some implementations may include a damping fluid to dampen movement resulting from shearing the first shear member so that the sleeve lands relatively gently on the second shear member and does not damage or prematurely shear the second shear member from impact from movement of the sleeve.
Accordingly (as further described below), example embodiments may include a single sleeve—not requiring multiple sleeves (e.g., one sleeve for closing and one sleeve for opening). Also, example embodiments may enable fracking then closing the frac sleeves after fracturing is complete without running intervention tools on wireline, slickline, coil tubing, etc. to close the sleeve. Additionally, such embodiments would minimize the risk of the sleeve getting stuck in the wellbore during such trips in and out of the wellbore for opening and closing of the sleeve. Also, closing force obtained by dropping objects into the sleeves is much greater than the force obtained by a shifting tool run on coil tubing.
In some implementations, the sleeve may be configured to be run downhole as a single sleeve. The single sleeve may then be split in two when the first object is dropped. For example, the first shear member may be configured to be weaker than the second shear member. In response to the first object being dropped, a bottom half of the sleeve may move downward to expose the stimulation ports (to enable stimulation of the subsurface formation). The first object may continue downhole to close the sleeve below. After stimulation is complete, the second object may be dropped on the second baffle which opens the sleeve above and closes the current sleeve.
In some implementations, a wellbore system may include multiple sleeves positioned at different depths along the wellbore formed in a subsurface formation. Each sleeve may be associated with a different zone of the subsurface formation, such that a given zone may be stimulated with fluid using stimulation ports of the sleeve. For example, a given zone may be stimulated as part of fracking operations. One zone at a time may be stimulated. In some implementations, the zone that is deepest in the wellbore is stimulated first, followed by the zone above, etc. until the zone nearest the surface of the wellbore is stimulated.
Example Sleeves
Different example implementations of a sleeve are now described with reference to
A sleeve 100 (shown in
The sleeve 100 also includes a first baffle 104 and a second baffle 102. The first baffle 104 includes an expandable seat 105. In this example, the second baffle 102 is positioned closer to a surface of the wellbore (as compared to the first baffle 104). In some implementations, the first baffle 104 may be a multi-entry (ME) baffle that includes an expandable seat. The second baffle 102 may be a single entry (SE) baffle that includes a solid (non-expandable) seat. The sleeve 100 also includes a first shear member 108 and a second shear member 110. The sleeve 100 may be held in position by the first shear member 108.
In some implementations, the sleeve 100 also includes a shock absorber 150 positioned above the second shear member 110. As further described below, the shock absorber 150 may reduce the impact on the second shear member 110 to avoid the second shear member 110 being prematurely sheared and help the second shear member 110 to stop the sleeve 100 in the open position after the sleeve 100 moves downward after the first shear member 108 is sheared.
The sleeve 100 may first be run downhole while in a first closed position. Additionally, the sleeve 100 is held in position (not allowing the sleeve to move to a lower position) by the first shear member 108. While in a closed position, the stimulation ports 106 are not aligned with the port alignment opening 107 so that the stimulation ports 106 are closed. Accordingly, in the closed position, stimulation fluid flowing downhole through the bore 142 does not flow out from the stimulation ports 106 and into the surrounding subsurface formation.
Next, the sleeve 100 is moved from the first closed position to an open position. To illustrate,
The stimulation fluid may continue to flow through the bore 142 from the surface of the wellbore. Because the first object 302 is seated in the expandable seat 105 of the first baffle 104, flow of the stimulation fluid is blocked from flowing further downhole in the wellbore beyond the first baffle 104. This will result in an increasing pressure on the first object 302. This pressure on the first object 302 continues to increase until the first shear member 108 is sheared forcing the sleeve 100 to move downward to an open position. In particular, as shown in
In some implementations, the stimulation port 106 may include an erodible nozzle. The erodible nozzle may initially choke or block the flow through the stimulation port 106 in order to allow sufficient flow of the fluid downhole to ensure that the first object 302 lands in a different sleeve below this current sleeve in order to close this different sleeve. For example, the erodible nozzle may be composed of material that when exposed to the stimulation fluid breaks down or dissolves over time, or eroded by the flow through it. Then, after the erodible nozzle in the current sleeve erodes, stimulation (e.g., fracking) of the current subsurface formation may occur through the stimulation port 106 of the current sleeve. t
This will result in an increasing pressure on the second object 702. This pressure on the second object 702 continues to increase until the second shear member 110 is sheared forcing the sleeve 100 to move downward to a second closed position. In particular, as shown in
In some implementations, the sleeve may be configured to run as one sleeve downhole into positioned in the wellbore and then split in two after a first object is dropped. To illustrate,
A sleeve 900 (shown in
In
The sleeve 900 also includes a first baffle 904 and a second baffle 902. The first baffle 904 includes an expandable seat 905. In this example, the second baffle 902 is positioned closer to a surface of the wellbore (as compared to the first baffle 904). In some implementations, the first baffle 904 may be a multi-entry (ME) baffle that includes an expandable seat. The second baffle 902 may be a single entry (SE) baffle that includes a solid (non-expandable) seat. The sleeve 900 also includes a first shear member 908 and a second shear member 910. The sleeve 900 may be held in position by the first shear member 908.
Similar to the sleeve 100, in some implementations, the sleeve 900 may include one or both of the dampening fluid and shock absorber to avoid the second shear member 910 being prematurely sheared and help the second shear member 910 to stop the sleeve 900 in the open position after the sleeve 900 moves downward after the first shear member 908 is sheared.
The sleeve 900 includes two shear members—a first shear member 908 and a second shear member 910. In some implementations, the first shear member 908 may be configured to be weaker than the second shear member 910.
After the first object is dropped, the first shear member 908 may be sheared—causing the sleeve 900 to be split in two parts. In response to the split, the bottom part of the sleeve 900 may move downward—exposing the stimulation port 906 to enable flow of a stimulation fluid out into the surrounding subsurface formation.
Similar to the configuration of the sleeve 100, the first object may continue downhole to close the sleeve below the sleeve 900. After stimulation operations are complete, a second object may be dropped down through the bore 942 and seated in the second baffle 902 to move the sleeve 900 to a closed position. Similar to the operations of the sleeve 100, the dropping of the second object may also open the sleeve above the sleeve 900.
Example Operations
Example operations for using a sleeve for a multi-stage wellbore stimulation are now described. In particular,
At block 1102, the sleeve that is deepest in the wellbore is opened by pressure from fluid flow down the wellbore—to establish a flow path to pump a first object downhole for subsequent zones. For example, a flow of fluid can be pumped downhole through the bores of the sleeves to open the sleeve that is deepest in the wellbore.
At block 1104, a first object is pumped down a wellbore and through a bore of a tubular housing that is positioned in the wellbore, such that the first object is seated in a first baffle of a sleeve positioned in the tubular housing after passing through a second baffle of the sleeve. The sleeve is to axially move from a first closed position to an open position in response to the first object being seated in the first baffle (wherein at least one stimulation port of the tubular housing is open in the open position). For example with reference to
At block 1106, at least one erodible nozzle in the at least one stimulation port chokes the flow of the stimulation fluid into the subsurface formation, until the first object passes through the first baffle and is seated in a different second baffle of a different sleeve positioned below the sleeve in the wellbore. For example with reference to
At block 1108, stimulation fluid is pumped through the at least one stimulation port and into the subsurface formation into which the wellbore is formed after the at least one erodible nozzle has been eroded from the stimulation fluid. For example with reference to
At block 1110, a second object is pumped down the wellbore and through the bore of the tubular housing such that the second object is seated in the second baffle of the sleeve. The sleeve is to axially move from an open position to a second closed position in response to the second object being seated in the second baffle (wherein the at least one stimulation port is closed in the second closed position). For example with reference to
Example System
An example system having sleeves for a multi-stage wellbore stimulation is now described. In particular,
As illustrated, any number of sleeves 1218 may be positioned along the length of the wellbore 1212 in order to accommodate selective exposure of different zones 1224 of the formation 1222 to the wellbore 1212. This may be particularly desirable when perforating the different zones 1224 of the formation 1222 or providing fracture treatments to previously formed perforations 1220 or in open hole sections (no casing) at the different zones 1224. The different zones 1224 may be isolated using packers 1290.
While
While the aspects of the disclosure are described with reference to various implementations and exploitations, it will be understood that these aspects are illustrative and that the scope of the claims is not limited to them. In general, techniques for simulating drill bit abrasive wear and damage during the drilling of a wellbore as described herein may be implemented with facilities consistent with any hardware system or hardware systems. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible.
Plural instances may be provided for components, operations or structures described herein as a single instance. Finally, boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of the disclosure. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate components in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of the disclosure.
The flowcharts are provided to aid in understanding the illustrations and are not to be used to limit scope of the claims. The flowcharts depict example operations that can vary within the scope of the claims. Additional operations may be performed; fewer operations may be performed; the operations may be performed in parallel; and the operations may be performed in a different order. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by program code. The program code may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable machine or apparatus.
Use of the phrase “at least one of” preceding a list with the conjunction “and” should not be treated as an exclusive list and should not be construed as a list of categories with one item from each category, unless specifically stated otherwise. A clause that recites “at least one of A, B, and C” can be infringed with only one of the listed items, multiple of the listed items, and one or more of the items in the list and another item not listed.
As used herein, the term “or” is inclusive unless otherwise explicitly noted. Thus, the phrase “at least one of A, B, or C” is satisfied by any element from the set {A, B, C} or any combination thereof, including multiples of any element.
Embodiment #1: An assembly for incorporation into a completion string and to be positioned in a wellbore, the assembly comprising: a tubular housing having a bore therethrough and at least one stimulation port therein to communicate fluid from the bore to outside the tubular housing; and a sleeve axially movable in the tubular housing, the sleeve comprising, a first baffle; and a second baffle, wherein the sleeve is initially in a first closed position, wherein the sleeve is to axially move from the first closed position to an open position in response to the first baffle receiving a first object therein, wherein the at least one stimulation port is open in the open position, and wherein the sleeve is to axially move from the open position to a second closed position in response to the second baffle receiving a second object received therein, wherein the second object is larger than the first object, where the at least one stimulation port is closed in the second closed position.
Embodiment #2: The assembly of Embodiment #1, wherein the at least one stimulation port comprises at least one erodible nozzle.
Embodiment #3: The assembly of any one Embodiments #1-2, wherein after the at least one stimulation port is opened, the at least one erodible nozzle is to choke flow of a fluid through the at least one stimulation port for a defined time period.
Embodiment #4: The assembly of Embodiment #3, wherein the defined time period is at least a period of time until the first object passes through the first baffle and is seated in a different second baffle of a different sleeve positioned below the sleeve in the wellbore.
Embodiment #5: The assembly of any one Embodiments #1-4, wherein the sleeve comprises: at least one first shear member that is to be sheared in response to a pressure increase from the first object being seated in the first baffle; and at least one second shear member that is to be sheared in response to a pressure increase from the second object being seated in the second baffle.
Embodiment #6: The assembly of Embodiment #5, wherein the sleeve is to split into two portions in response to the at least one first shear member being sheared.
Embodiment #7: The assembly of Embodiment #5, further comprising at least one of a dampening fluid or a shock absorber positioned to reduce impact from the axial movement of the sleeve on the at least one second shear member after the at least one first shear member is sheared.
Embodiment #8: The assembly of any one Embodiments #1-7, wherein the first baffle comprises a multi-entry baffle with an expandable seat and the second baffle comprises a single entry baffle with a non-expandable seat.
Embodiment #9: The assembly of any one Embodiments #1-8, wherein the first object is to pass through the first baffle and into a different sleeve below the sleeve to close the different sleeve.
Embodiment #10: A multi-stage completion system for a wellbore, the multi-stage completion system comprising: a completion string having a number of assemblies and to be positioned in the wellbore, wherein each assembly of the number of assemblies comprises, a tubular housing having a bore therethrough and at least one stimulation port therein to communicate fluid from the bore to outside the tubular housing; and a sleeve axially movable in the tubular housing, the sleeve comprising, a first baffle; and a second baffle, wherein the sleeve is initially in a first closed position, wherein the sleeve is to axially move from the first closed position to an open position in response to the first baffle receiving a first object therein, wherein the at least one stimulation port is open in the open position, and wherein the sleeve is to axially move from the open position to a second closed position in response to the second baffle receiving a second object received therein, wherein the second object is larger than the first object, where the at least one stimulation port is closed in the second closed position.
Embodiment #11: The multi-stage completion system of Embodiment #10, wherein the at least one stimulation port comprises at least one erodible nozzle, wherein after the at least one stimulation port is opened, the at least one erodible nozzle is to choke flow of a fluid through the at least one stimulation port for a defined time period, wherein the defined time period is at least a period of time until the first object passes through the first baffle and is seated in a different second baffle of a different sleeve positioned below the sleeve in the wellbore.
Embodiment #12: The multi-stage completion system of any one Embodiments #10-11, wherein the sleeve comprises: at least one first shear member that is to be sheared in response to a pressure increase from the first object being seated in the first baffle; and at least one second shear member that is to be sheared in response to a pressure increase from the second object being seated in the second baffle.
Embodiment #13: The multi-stage completion system of Embodiment #12, wherein the sleeve is to split into two portions in response to the at least one first shear member being sheared.
Embodiment #14: The multi-stage completion system of Embodiment #12, further comprising at least one of a dampening fluid or a shock absorber positioned to reduce impact from the axial movement of the sleeve on the at least one second shear member after the at least one first shear member is sheared.
Embodiment #15: The multi-stage completion system of any one Embodiments #10-14, wherein the first baffle comprises a multi-entry baffle with an expandable seat and the second baffle comprises a single entry baffle with a non-expandable seat.
Embodiment #16: The multi-stage completion system of any one Embodiments #10-15, wherein the first object is to pass through the first baffle and into a different sleeve below the sleeve to close the different sleeve.
Embodiment #17: A method for stimulating a subsurface formation into which a wellbore is formed, the method comprising: pumping a first object down the wellbore and through a bore of a tubular housing that is positioned in the wellbore, such that the first object is seated in a first baffle of a sleeve positioned in the tubular housing after passing through a second baffle of the sleeve, wherein the sleeve is to axially move from a first closed position to an open position in response to the first object being seated in the first baffle, and wherein at least one stimulation port of the tubular housing is open in the open position; pumping stimulation fluid through the at least one stimulation port and into the subsurface formation; and pumping a second object down the wellbore and through the bore of the tubular housing such that the second object is seated in the second baffle of the sleeve, wherein the sleeve is to axially move from an open position to a second closed position in response to the second object being seated in the second baffle, and wherein the at least one stimulation port is closed in the second closed position.
Embodiment #18: The method of Embodiment #17, further comprising: choking, via at least one erodible nozzle, flow of the stimulation fluid through the at least one stimulation port and into the subsurface formation until the first object passes through the first baffle and is seated in a different second baffle of a different sleeve positioned below the sleeve in the wellbore.
Embodiment #19: The method of any one Embodiments #17-18, further comprising: flowing the stimulation fluid through the at least one stimulation port and into the subsurface formation after the at least one erodible nozzle has eroded from the stimulation fluid.
Embodiment #20: The method of any one Embodiments #17-19, wherein the sleeve comprises: at least one first shear member that is to be sheared in response to a pressure increase from the first object being seated in the first baffle; and at least one second shear member that is to be sheared in response to a pressure increase from the second object being seated in the second baffle.
Embodiment #21: The method of Embodiment #20, wherein the sleeve is to split into two portions in response to the at least one first shear member being sheared.
Embodiment #22: The method of Embodiment #20, further comprising: reducing, by at least one of a dampening fluid or a shock absorber, impact from the axial movement of the sleeve on the at least one second shear member after the at least one first shear member is sheared.
Embodiment #23: The method of any one Embodiments #17-22, wherein the first baffle comprises a multi-entry baffle with an expandable seat and the second baffle comprises a single entry baffle with a non-expandable seat.
Embodiment #24: The method of any one Embodiments #17-23, wherein the first object is to pass through the first baffle and into a different sleeve below the sleeve to close the different sleeve.
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“PCT Application No. PCT/US2023/067581, International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Feb. 20, 2024, 11 pages. |