FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to sluices. More specifically, the present invention is a sluice plate with spiral pockets which is intended for implementation as a component in a sluice box used to capture and concentrate heavy metal particles from a flow of processing material such as water containing crushed ores.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Gold has been a practical and symbolic store of value for human beings since prehistoric times. Modern chemistry arose from alchemy, a discipline which attempted to find a way to make gold from common substances. Many cultures throughout history have used gold as backing for their currency because of its enduring value. Even in the days of fiat currencies, the ubiquity of gold in electronics, dentistry, jewelry, the arts, medicine, and even food and beverages keep the demand for gold strong. Important cities and cultural centers have begun because of prospectors flocking to the area to seek the precious metal. Modern day mining operations use large and complex automated systems to extract gold from the earth but there are many locations with gold deposits in which large-scale industrial mining operations are commercially unviable. Ultra-fine gold, in particular, is a relatively untapped resource which is best captured by individuals and small teams with the right tools.
Therefore it is the object of the present invention to disclose a mechanism and method for use in a sluice box whereby ultra-fine gold and other dense metals can be more effectively captured than is possible with current methods. The present invention is a sluice plate with spiral pockets that is used to extract heavy metal particles from a processing mixture. Furthermore, the present invention allows for the stratification of the heavy metal particles due to the creation of pressure differentials about a plurality of spiral pockets. Each of the plurality of spiral pockets is tapered downwards and has a spiraling inner lip, which facilitates the separation of the heavy metal particles by density.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention, showing the helically positioned inner lip within each of the plurality of spiral pockets; the plurality of spiral pockets being linearly positioned across the main body.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the present invention, wherein the upper opening is coplanar with the drafting surface, and the upper opening and the lower face are concentric.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the present invention, wherein the flow redirect groove and the downstream gap are utilized in conjunction with the plurality of spiral pockets.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the present invention, wherein the flow redirect groove and the downstream gap are utilized in conjunction with the plurality of spiral pockets.
FIG. 5 is a left side elevational view of the present invention, wherein the flow redirect groove and the downstream gap are utilized in conjunction with the plurality of spiral pockets.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view, wherein the present invention is positioned in between adjacent sluice plates.
DETAIL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE INVENTION
All illustrations of the drawings are for the purpose of describing selected versions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The present invention is a sluice plate with spiral pockets that is intended for implementation as a component in a sluice box used to capture and concentrate heavy metal particles, particularly gold or platinum particles between 3 and 10 microns in size, from a flow of processing material such as water containing crushed ores. The spiral pockets and other components of the sluice plate induce regions of high and low pressure within the processing material, thereby stratifying the contents of the processing material permitting the separation and sequestration of higher density metals such as gold and platinum. The present invention can also be used in conjunction with other components such as drop pans, support buckets, and high banker attachments, stream flares, waterfall heads, or dredge crash boxes, and any other components of a placer mining system which may facilitate the properly conditioned supply of processing material at the proper flow rate for the proper functioning of the sluice plate with spiral pockets, and to avoid cavitation at any point in the flow.
In reference to FIG. 1, the present invention comprises a main plate 1 and a plurality of spiral pockets 2. The main plate 1 provides a solid structure over which a mixture such as water and heavy metal particles is passed, while the plurality of spiral pockets 2 is used to the collect heavy metal particles from the mixture. The main plate 1 comprises a main body 10 and a drafting surface 11, wherein the drafting surface 11 overlays the main body 10, providing the top surface of the main plate 1 over which the mixture is passed. The main body 10 is a flat, elongated structure into which the plurality of spiral pockets 2 is positioned, while the drafting surface 11 is a flat surface that is intended to induce a consistent laminar flow of the mixture (i.e. processing material).
In reference to FIG. 1-2, the plurality of spiral pockets 2 is positioned across the main body 10, wherein each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 traverses into the main body 10 through the drafting surface 11. More specifically, the plurality of spiral pockets 2 is positioned between a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge of the main body 10; the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge being terminally positioned opposite each other along the main body 10, forming the sides of the main plate 1. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of spiral pockets 2 is linearly positioned across the main body 10.
In reference to FIG. 2, the plurality of spiral pockets 2 is arranged across the main body 10 such that each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 overlaps an adjacent pocket. For example, for the plurality of spiral pockets 2 having an arbitrary pocket, a previous pocket, and a subsequent pocket linearly arranged, wherein the arbitrary pocket is positioned in between the previous pocket and the subsequent pocket; the previous pocket overlaps the arbitrary pocket, while the arbitrary pocket overlaps the subsequent. The overlapping of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 ensures that heavy metal particles can be extracted from the mixture across the entire length of the main plate 1.
In reference to FIG. 1, each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 comprises an upper opening 20, a lower face 21, a lateral wall 22, and an inner lip 23. The upper opening 20 for each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 forms the top of the pocket, wherein the upper opening 20 is coplanar with the drafting surface 11. In this way, as the mixture flows across the drafting surface 11 and subsequently the plurality of spiral pockets 2, heavy metal particles may sink and enter the plurality of spiral pockets 2 where the heavy metal particles become trapped. The upper opening 20 may have any ellipsoid or polygonal geometry including, but not limited to, circular, oval, triangular, or trapezoidal geometry.
In further reference to FIG. 1, the lower face 21 of each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 forms the bottom, closed end of the pocket. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower face 21 is parallel to the upper opening 20, however, in other embodiments of the present invention the lower face 21 may be positioned at an offset angle from the upper opening 20. Similar to the upper opening 20, the lower face 21 may have any ellipsoid or polygonal geometry, including but not limited to, circular, oval, triangular, or trapezoidal geometry. While the geometry of the lower face 21 is the same as the geometry of the upper opening 20 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower face 21 and the upper opening 20 may have different geometries in other embodiments. In general, the surface area of the upper opening 20 will be greater than the surface area of the lower face 21, especially when the lower face 21 is flat.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper opening 20 and the lower face 21 are both circular; the lower face 21 being smaller than the upper opening 20. Furthermore, the upper opening 20 and the lower face 21 are concentric, wherein the center of the upper opening 20 and the center of the lower face 21 are coaxial. In another embodiment of the present invention, the upper opening 20 and the lower face 21 are both trapezoidal; the lower face 21 being smaller than the upper opening 20. Again, the upper opening 20 and the lower face 21 are concentric, wherein the center of the upper opening 20 and the center of the lower face 21 are coaxial.
In reference to FIG. 1, the upper opening 20 and the lower face 21 are terminally positioned along the lateral wall 22 opposite each other. The lateral wall 22 is tapered from the upper opening 20 to the lower face 21 and provides the enclosed sides of the pocket for each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2. The inner lip 23 is perimetrically positioned about the lateral wall 22 and helically positioned along the lateral wall 22 from the upper opening 20 to the lower face 21, wherein the inner lip 23 forms a downward spiraling ramp along the lateral wall 22. Due to the tapered nature of the lateral wall 22, the inner lip 23 forms smaller and smaller loops around the lateral wall 22 as the inner lip 23 approaches the lower face 21.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner lip 23 is continuous along the length of the lateral wall 22 forming a single downward spiraling ramp. However, in other embodiments of the present invention, the inner lip 23 may be separated, wherein gaps are present between one or more sections of the inner lip 23. In such embodiments, the inner lip 23 remains helically positioned along the lateral wall 22, wherein each of the segments adjacent to either side of a gap follow a continuous path.
The flow of the mixture over the plurality of spiral pockets 2 results in a pressure gradient with low pressure at the upper opening 20 and higher pressure at the lower face 21, as well as other fluid phenomena affecting the boundary layer characteristics of the flow. The flow of the mixture in, around, and over each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 establishes regions of the mixture within, around, and above each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 having different flow conditions. These resulting pressure gradients, along with the downward, tapered spiral of the inner lip 23, induce a rotating flow of the mixture within each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 which may appear hydrocyclonic but does not comprise the discrete fluid entry and exit points which define a hydrocyclone.
At the upper opening 20 of each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2, flow is mostly laminar. This fluid can flow over the plurality of spiral pockets 2 without scrubbing out denser materials lower in the plurality of spiral pockets 2. The bottom two thirds of each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 forms a capture zone. In the capture zones, particles of greater density separate from the flow and are kept in constant motion. This prevents saturation or “loading up” of the vortex pockets. Additionally, heavy metal particles from the mixture are stratified based on relative density with the denser materials at the bottom and the less dense materials at the top. For example, the smaller yet denser gold particles would be layered underneath the less dense yet larger magnetite particles in each of the plurality of spiral pockets 2. In a standard ‘slot type’ pocket no such stratification is observed.
In addition to the plurality of spiral pockets 2, the present invention may further include channels and other formations in the main body 10 to influence the flow characteristics of the mixture. In reference to FIG. 3, the present invention may further comprise a flow redirect groove 3 or a downstream gap 4. When utilized, both the flow redirect groove 3 and the downstream gap 4 are positioned adjacent to the plurality of spiral pockets 2. The flow redirect groove 3 and the downstream gap 4 can be used standalone or in tandem depending on the application of the present invention. When used in tandem, the plurality of spiral pockets 2 is positioned in between the flow redirect groove 3 and the downstream gap 4, wherein the flow redirect groove 3 is positioned upstream of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 and the downstream gap 4 is positioned downstream of the plurality of spiral pockets 2.
In reference to FIG. 4-5, similar to the plurality of spiral pockets 2, the flow redirect groove 3 is positioned across the main body 10 from the first lateral edge to the second lateral edge. The flow redirect groove 3 traverses into the main body 10 through the drafting surface 11 creating an open channel across the main plate 1. The flow redirect groove 3 can be designed to serve many purposes including, but not limited to, preventing the scrubbing out of the plurality of spiral pockets 2 in higher water flow circumstances, encouraging mixing of the constituent elements of the mixture (i.e. processing material), breaking down particles, and separating light and heavy materials. In essence, the flow redirect groove 3 is used to manipulate the consistent laminar flow induced by the drafting surface 11.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the flow redirect groove 3 comprises a flat down ramp 30 and a curved up ramp 31, as depicted in FIG. 3-5. The curved up ramp 31 is positioned adjacent to the plurality of spiral pockets 2, while the flat down ramp 30 is positioned adjacent to the curved up ramp 31 opposite the plurality of spiral pockets 2. The processing material first reaches the flat down ramp 30, which is a flat surface angled downward from the drafting surface 11. The angled down ramp imparts additional kinetic energy to the flow. Then the processing material reaches the curved up ramp 31, which is a ramp that deflects the mixture upwards, normal to the drafting surface 11. The processing material then flows from the curved up ramp 31, over the plurality of spiral pockets 2.
In reference to FIG. 4-5, similar to the flow redirect groove 3, the downstream gap 4 is positioned across the main body 10 from the first lateral edge to the second lateral edge. The downstream gap 4 traverses into the main body 10 through the drafting surface 11 creating an open channel across the main plate 1. The downstream gap 4 is a trough between an adjacent, downstream sluice plate. The downstream gap 4 may serve many purposes including buffering the flow to inhibit users from scrubbing out the plurality of spiral pockets 2 by over pouring processing material into the sluice box, capturing refuse materials such as magnetite from the flow, breaking down particles, and separating light and heavy material. After exiting the downstream gap 4, the processing material may then flow over the adjacent sluice plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the downstream gap 4 comprises a chamfer 40 and a horizontal channel 41, as depicted in FIG. 3-5. The chamfer 40 is positioned adjacent to the plurality of spiral pockets 2, while the horizontal channel 41 is positioned adjacent to the chamfer 40 opposite the plurality of spiral pockets 2. The chamfer 40 is a flat surface which is angled downward from the drafting surface 11. The chamfer 40 guides the processing material that has flowed over the plurality of spiral pockets 2 into the horizontal channel 41 heavy metal particles are further collected. The processing material then continues to flow out of the horizontal channel 41 and over the adjacent sluice plate.
Although the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Patent Application
20160074871
