Patent Application
20110083675
Heretofore, cigarettes with high levels of ventilation have usually had unacceptably low levels of resistance to draw (RTD) unless some counter measure was in place to make-up the shortfall in RTD. In the past, high density cellulose acetate filter segments were used to address the shortfall. However such filtered segments tended to reduce tar delivery (FTC), with little or no effect upon gas phase components of mainstream tobacco smoke, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO). This solution tended to worsen the CO to tar (FTC) ratios in lower delivery (FTC tar) cigarettes.
Ventilation has a desirable attribute in that, when operating alone, it will reduce both the particulate phase and the gas phase of mainstream smoke. Highly ventilated cigarettes however have drawbacks in RTD as previously discussed.
Presently disclosed embodiments provide the benefit of a highly ventilated smoking article with desired amounts of resistance to draw.
Referring now to
In this embodiment, the ventilation zone 140 comprises a plurality of ventilation holes which extend through the tipping paper 116 and optionally through the tubular filter segment 148. This arrangement facilitates the use of online laser perforation techniques to provide ventilation holes during the manufacture of the smoking article 110. Other techniques may be used to create the ventilation zone 140 such as using off-line, pre-perforated tipping paper, mechanical perforation, electrostatic perforation and other techniques.
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A cigarette having an upstream restrictor 126 with downstream ventilation 140, as described herein, can provide various effects during smoking. For example, as flow rate of a puff increases, pressure drop at the restrictor increases more rapidly compared to a conventional CA filter. Thus, the restrictor works as a limiter on the extent to which a smoker may attempt to draw hard on a smoking article during the puff count. In addition, having the ventilation zone 140 downstream of the restrictor orifice 130 decouples their respective functionalities (ventilation levels and RTD) such that a cigarette designer may adjust RTD by changing the size of the restrictor orifice 130 essentially without impacting ventilation levels already established at zone 140 and visa versa.
The valved flow restriction segment 126 may comprise an impermeable partition (transverse wall) having one or more orifices therein, that establishes the flow restriction 130, with the restriction specifically in the form of an orifice of reduced diameter. If desired, the partition can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the smoking article or frustoconical and convergent either into or away from the direction of flow of mainstream smoke passing therethrough. Furthermore, the restrictor segment 126 may be configured to provide end to end symmetry. A filter component having end to end symmetry facilitates high speed filter rod making in that the component works the same whether or not the rod making machine orients one end of the component first or reverses it.
A restrictor segment 126 having end to end symmetry has tubular body portions of equal length on opposite sides of a transverse wall (partition). By such arrangement manufacture of the filter is facilitated by the end to end symmetry of the restrictor disc 126.
Optionally, a zone of ventilation may be located upstream of the flow restriction 130 in addition to ventilation zone 140 as provided above.
Manufacture of the smoking articles 110 in accordance with the present disclosure may be facilitated with the use of pre-perforated tipping paper.
Preferably the flow restriction 130 is sized to contribute sufficient pressure drop such that the smoking article 110 presents a resistance to draw of at least 40 mm water or greater, preferably in the range of 50-100 mm water. Preferably, the partition (transverse wall) has a diameter of approximately 7.0 to 8.0 mm and more preferably approximately 7.4 to 7.8 mm wherein the partition preferably has one or optionally, at least one orifice of a diameter of about 0.5 mm to about 1.0 mm and more preferably about 0.5 to 0.7 mm. Since the pressure drop of the restrictor component depends on the open area, multiple orifices can also be used. For example, in one embodiment there are two orifices in the partition of 0.5 mm diameter each.
The restrictor 126 may be constructed of paper, a plastic, polymer or a metal and more preferably made of a paper product or a biodegradable plastic/polymer or other suitable material having biodegradability properties. However, in the case of plastic being used, the restrictor 126 is small and the non-biodegradable content of the filter is minimized.
Preferably, the flow restriction 130 and the mouthpiece filter 122 are spaced apart sufficiently to reduce impaction of particulate smoke components upon the upstream face of the mouthpiece filter segment 122. Preferably, the flow restriction 126 is spaced approximately 4 mm to 20 mm from the mouthpiece filter 122, more preferably approximately 6 to 10 mm.
It is to be appreciated that the filter preferably may be constructed from simple combining techniques typically used in the industry for manufacturing cigarettes at high speeds. Additionally each embodiment includes tubular support about the cavity 146 so as to provide desired firmness throughout length of the filter 114. Furthermore, the embodiments provide the necessary amount of resistance to draw while maintaining the desired degree of high ventilation throughout the puff count. The latter attribute is achieved by placement of the ventilation zone 140 downstream of the flow restriction 136. Furthermore, placing the ventilation along cavity 146 assures mixing of air drawn into the filter 114 through the ventilation zone 140 with mainstream smoke drawn from the tobacco rod 112. In one tested embodiment, uniform stain patterns appeared at the buccal end of the mouthpiece filter 122, which is indicative of good mixing.
During smoking of a cigarette constructed in accordance with the present disclosure, a consistent degree of ventilation (e.g., 50 to 90%, preferably about 70%) is preferably maintained throughout the puff count.
In contrast, when ventilation holes are placed upstream of the flow restriction segment 126, ventilation tends to drop as smoking progresses through the puff count.
In an embodiment, the filter comprises a tubular segment 148 of cellulose acetate tow (sometimes referred to as a hollow acetate tube or HAT) and a restrictor insert 126 inserted into an upstream end thereof. Preferably, the restrictor insert 126 includes a transverse disc shaped wall with one or more openings 130 therein having a length of about 3 mm to about 10 mm, more preferably about 3 mm to about 7 mm in length.
In an embodiment, a central cavity 146 within the filter 114 is defined at least in part by the tubular segment 148. Preferably, a ventilation zone 140 communicates with the cavity 146 at a location downstream of the restrictor insert 126. The tubular segment 148 is preferably constructed from a hollow acetate tube (HAT) and is air permeable so that ventilation air may be drawn through ventilation holes 175 into the cavity 146 during a puff. Other low density, low filtration materials can also be used to construct the tubular segment 148.
In a preferred embodiment, the ventilation zone 140 comprises a plurality of ventilation holes 175 arranged in one or more circumferential rows, which extend through the tipping paper 116 and optionally/partially into or through the tubular segment 148. This arrangement facilitates the use of online laser perforation techniques to provide ventilation holes 175 during the manufacture of the smoking article 110. Other techniques may be used to create the ventilation zone 140 such as using off-line, pre-perforated tipping paper, mechanical perforation, electrostatic perforation and other techniques.
The ventilation holes 175 in the tipping paper 116 allow atmospheric air to be drawn into the ventilation zone 140, through the tubular segment 148, and into the cavity 146. When a hollow acetate tube forms at least part of the tubular segment 148, perforations need not be made in the tubular filter segment 148 because the material is air permeable.
In a preferred embodiment, the ventilation zone 140 and the tubular filter segment 148 achieve a ventilation level of the smoking article of at least about 25% and more preferably at least about 50% to about 90%.
For ease of manufacturing on high speed filter rod making equipment, the outer diameter of the restrictor segment 126 is less than that of the original diameter of the tubular segment 148 prior to filter rod making operations. Preferably, the diameter of the restrictor segment 126 is smaller than the pre-determined diameter of the cigarette to be made. For example, for a cigarette having a circumference of 24.1 mm, the circumference of the restrictor segment 126 is preferably 1 to 10% smaller, e.g., approximately 23.9 mm or less in the example. As is typically done in established filter rod making techniques, the original diameter or the HAT segment 148 is slightly oversized so that it may be uniformly compressed into the desired diameter (e.g. 24.1 mm), and held in place by the plug wrap during filter making operations. Because the restrictor segment 126 is of lesser diameter, it passes through the garniture of a filter rod making machine without snagging.
Preferably, the restrictor segment 126 is a single piece that is injection molded. The restrictor segment 126 is preferably made of a plastic, metal, cellulosic material, and/or composite of a plastic and starch. Suitable plastics include, without limitation, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, nylon, polysulfone, polyester, polyurethane, and combinations thereof.
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Valve element 123 moves from a first closed position where it closes off the restrictor orifice 130 to a second open position upon draw on the smoking article during a puff to open the orifices 130.
The optional valve element 125 is movable from a first open position at which the orifices 130 are open to a second closed position at which the orifices 130 are partially or fully closed. For example, valve element 125 can include a flexible element that in its static position is spaced away from the restrictor orifices 130. At exacerbated drawing volume, the valve element 125 is drawn to a position which at least partially closes off the restrictor orifices 130, so as to check further draw and limit further delivery of mainstream smoke.
The valve element 123,125 can have various constructions. For example, the valve can include a bendable flap (diaphragm), which is deflected when smoke is drawn downstream through the filter. In another example, the valve can include a movable member such as an axially sliding disk which when closed overlies one or more orifices 130 in the transverse wall of the restrictor insert. The disk can be attached to a shaft which extends through a bore in the transverse wall containing the orifice 130. With such arrangement, when mainstream smoke is drawn through the orifice 130 the downstream valve 123 opens and at high levels of draw valve 125 limits or shuts off flow of mainstream smoke through the orifice 130.
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It will be understood that the foregoing description is of the preferred embodiments, and is, therefore, merely representative of the article and methods of manufacturing the same. It can be appreciated that variations and modifications of the different embodiments in light of the above teachings will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the articles and methods as set forth in the attached claims.
