Patent Application
20120115409
The present invention concerns a relaxation space and notably a smoking room. Smoking rooms are known, notably in countries in which the law has imposed rules on using tobacco in public spaces, in which smokers congregate away from convivial areas in which non-smokers are found. Most of the time these smoking rooms are unattractive, notably for two essential reasons, namely on the one hand their decoration and on the other hand their atmosphere, which, in the absence of efficacious ventilation means, is often difficult to breathe because of the disagreeable smell that they give off, which smell users find afterwards on their clothing.
It is known in fact that the ventilation means used in premises in which it is required to renew the air comfortably are generally ineffective when used to ventilate smoky premises, whether or not these ventilation means additionally provide an air conditioning function.
Most of the time these ventilation means consist of small ventilation vents that are adapted to supply a flow of clean air to the premises and to extract therefrom a flow of vitiated air. Thus if it is required to renew quickly a large volume of air in premises via small blower/suction vents, a flow of air circulating at relatively high speed is required. Under these conditions a problem arises because, beyond a certain speed, this air causes a sensation of cold on the skin of the users of the premises, even if the pulsed air is at a temperature usually considered to be a comfortable temperature when the air is not moving. This phenomenon is known as draughtiness.
One solution to providing a comfortable volume of renewed air at a reasonable speed, i.e. without making users feel cold, is to increase the diameter of the ventilation vents and ducts.
A problem is then encountered in that the ducts are usually disposed in the suspended ceilings of the occupied premises and this increase in the volume of the ducts is then reflected in a loss of volume that is difficult to accept.
Japanese patents JP 06 229584 and JP 04 161749 propose air conditioning devices in which air is fed from the ground through a perforated plate that is pierced with a multitude of holes and covers the area of the room to be air conditioned. This air is pulsated with a “piston effect” and evacuated via the ceiling which, to this end, is also pierced over the whole of its area with a multitude of holes.
It has nevertheless been established that air passing through a perforated plate, in other words a thin wall, tends to generate high levels of flow noise, even whistling, when the holes are of small diameter, of the order of 2 to 5 mm, for example.
Now, when it is required to produce a relaxation space it is desirable on the one hand for the holes in the floor to be of small diameter in order to avoid problems linked to the small heels of women's shoes and on the other hand, and at the same time, for it to be possible to benefit in said space from a silence that is not disturbed by ventilation noise.
An aim of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks by proposing a relaxation space in which the air renewal means are able without difficulty to freshen the whole of the volume thereof without users feeling cold and without causing draughts, by effecting air renewal by laminar flow.
Another aim of the present invention is to propose the implementation of such a relaxation space in which air is fed in from the entire area of the floor and drawn off from the entire area of the ceiling without the supply of air generating either draughts or perceptible air flow noise.
The present invention therefore consists in a relaxation space, particularly a smoking room, of the type comprising means of renewing the air, which means are provided with supply means and suction means, said renewing means consisting of holes distributed over the entire floor and the ceiling of this space, characterized in that the holes at least in the floor consist of at least two portions, namely a downstream portion opening into said relaxation space and an upstream portion larger in cross section than the downstream portion opening onto the other side of the floor.
The outlet section of the downstream hole portion will preferably be of the order of one quarter the section of the upstream portion.
The holes will usually be of circular cross section and the diameter of the downstream holes may be between 2 and 5 mm and preferably of the order of 3 mm. Moreover, the diameter of the upstream holes may be between 8 and 20 mm and preferably of the order of 15 mm.
In a variant embodiment the holes may consist of a downstream hole, an upstream hole, and an intermediate hole. The diameter of the upstream holes may be of the order of 12 mm and the diameter of the intermediate holes may be of the order of 8 mm. The length of the downstream holes may be between 5 and 8 mm and preferably equal to 6 mm. The length of the upstream holes may be between 20 and 60 mm and preferably equal to 40 mm. Finally, the length of the intermediate holes may be between 5 and 15 mm and preferably equal to 10 mm.
According to the invention, the air supply means will be active via the floor of the premises and the suction means will be active via the ceiling thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the relaxation space will include a raised floor and a suspended ceiling in which the holes are pierced, the latter holes being distributed in regular manner over the whole thereof, notably with a density of distribution of the order of 3000/m2, and notably distributed in a quincunx arrangement.
The air will preferably be blown in through the floor and drawn off through the ceiling and an upper buffer volume will preferably be provided between the ceiling and a suspended ceiling into which the suction means will discharge. In a similar way a lower buffer volume will be provided between the floor and the ground into which the air supply means will discharge.
The air supply and suction means of the floor may consist of a one-piece double-flow ventilation unit, optionally provided with a heat recovery device, and air conditioning means. The flow of air will be laminar.
The air supply means will preferably include temperature and relative humidity control means, which may include means for their (remote) control, modification and maintenance.
In one beneficial embodiment of the invention the relaxation space will constitute a modular system capable of being combined with other modules of the same type. These modules will include a structure comprising the ground and a floor, a ceiling and a suspended ceiling, and lateral walls, which may be of glass, provided with at least one opening, and a wall delimiting a box receiving all of the air treatment technical means. The latter may of course be independent.
The supply and suction of air will be effected via manifolds respectively connected to the blower means and to the suction means. The flow rate of the suction means will preferably be greater than the flow rate of the blower means so as to create in the relaxation space a slightly reduced pressure compared to the exterior atmosphere.
Moreover, the base of the access door will be provided with means suitable for creating in front thereof a curtain formed by a flow of air at higher speed than the speed of the treatment air in said space. The means for creating this air curtain will consist of a slot that extends at least across the width of the door and will be fed by means adapted to blow said flow of air on the opening thereof.
The present invention also provides a modular box intended, by joining together a plurality thereof, to constitute a raised floor and/or a suspended ceiling of a relaxation space into which there is admitted a flow of air under pressure via holes regularly distributed over the whole of the area of the floor and this flow of air is evacuated via holes regularly distributed over the whole of the area of the ceiling, characterized in that the box comprises a horizontal main face pierced with said holes and lateral faces pierced with at least one communication orifice of all of the boxes, air being blown under pressure into the relaxation space from the boxes forming the floor and drawn off in this space via the boxes forming the ceiling.
The modular box will preferably include means suitable for connecting it to the adjacent boxes.
Moreover, the holes may consist of at least two portions, namely a downstream portion discharging into said relaxation space and an upstream portion of greater section than the downstream portion discharging into the interior of the box.
Finally, the modular box may be intended to constitute a floor and/or a ceiling of a relaxation space having all the features described above.
One embodiment of the present invention is described hereinafter by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
a and 8b are diagrammatic views of a relaxation space of the invention produced in modular form seen from above and in elevation, respectively,
Similarly, at a distance above the ground 7 there is a support slab 13 or floor so as to provide between them a lower buffer volume 15 also forming a manifold.
The suspended ceiling 9 and the floor 13 are pierced over the whole of their area with holes 16 that are distributed uniformly, notably in a quincunx arrangement. The distribution density of these holes is of the order of 3000 per m2. Another arrangement or density of the holes could of course be adopted as a function of the flow parameters of the flow of air (see below).
It will be remembered that blower floors of the known type consist of metal plates pierced over the whole of their area by a great number of holes. Because of the short length of each of these holes the flow of air that passes through them suffers no significant head loss, but it has been established that the flow of air through these holes has the effect of generating high levels of flow noise.
The present invention aims to produce the floor 13 in a solid material such as wood, preferably of noble species (hardwood), marble, glass, etc. Clearly a floor produced in such materials, to be sufficiently strong to fulfill its essential supporting function, must be relatively thick compared to a prior art plate. This is why, under these conditions, the holes generate high head losses, especially if they are of small diameter. Because of the inherent purpose of relaxation spaces of the invention, the holes must be of small diameter i.e. have a diameter less than that of a shoe heel, notably of the so-called stiletto heel type.
The holes employed in the context of the present invention must therefore be of small diameter, generate only low head losses, and nevertheless supply a high flow rate of air without the flow of air creating noise.
It has been established that providing upstream of the portion of the hole that discharges into the premises to be treated another hole of greater diameter simultaneously solves the problems relating to the head loss and the problems relating to the noise generated by the flow of air through a thin member (a member of the order of 5 to 6 mm thick).
In a first embodiment of the invention that is shown in
As shown in
Moreover, giving the upstream portion 16b of the holes a larger diameter will make it possible to facilitate correct relative positioning of the two floor portions 13a and 13b.
To improve the flow of air in the holes 16 by preventing turbulence generating unwanted noise, the hole portion of diameter d2 may be staggered, as shown in
As before, and as shown in
As shown in
For reasons linked to their production, the holes 16 will usually be of circular cross section, but for some specific applications they could equally have other shapes, notably square.
As shown in
It is understood, under these conditions, that the volume of the room is swept by a flow of air travelling upward, which has proved particularly effective for evacuating smoke generated in it. The air flow rates would preferably be adjusted so that the flow inside the smoking room is laminar.
In one embodiment of the invention the air suction flow rate Q1 will be adjusted to a value greater than the supply flow rate Q2 so as to reduce the pressure in the room slightly. This makes it possible to prevent, notably if the room is used as a smoking room, propagation to the outside of the room of smoke generated inside it.
The suction flow rate Q1 will be such that it makes it possible to renew the air in the room between 20 and 50 times per hour and preferably around 30 times per hour. Thus in the case of a 45 m3 room, for example, the suction flow rate Q1 will be between 900 and 2200 m3/h and will preferably be of the order of 1500 m3/h. The lower box will be supplied at a flow rate Q2 of the order of 30% less than the suction flow rate so as to reduce the pressure in the room slightly. Thus if the suction flow rate is 1500 m3/h, for example, the blowing flow rate into the box will preferably be of the order of 1100 m3/h.
It has been established under these conditions that the atmosphere in the room is more comfortable for its occupants and that they do not experience any discomfort from smells, noise, heat or draughts.
A heat pump 31 is optionally disposed on a branch 33 at the outlet of the ventilation unit 25 and used to heat or to cool the air that is pulsed into the room 1, as required.
In a variant embodiment of the invention which is shown diagrammatically in
The various modules may be combined with each other to form an overall volume, the area of which is adjustable, as a function of the requirements of users.
The relaxation space air supply and control means 25 of the invention may be provided with remote control modules for centralized monitoring of relaxation spaces belonging to a plurality of users and intervention to adjust, modify or repair them remotely in a specific manner as a function of the requirements of each of them.
In another variant embodiment of the present invention the orifices providing access to the outside, such as the door 34 in particular and any serving hatches, could be provided with an air curtain intended to prevent smoke leaking from the interior toward the exterior atmosphere in order, if the relaxation space is used as a smoking room as indicated above, to prevent pollution of the surrounding volume by smoke from the room.
Where the access doors 34 of the room are concerned, for example, and as shown in
To this end, as shown in
In a beneficial variant of the present invention, the floor and/or the ceiling of the room may consist of modular elements that are disposed and assembled adjacently side by side.
These modules could advantageously be formed of boxes, the internal volume of which forms the air distribution buffer volumes of the ceiling and the floor, respectively. As shown in
Thus square modular boxes 50 may be used, the disposition of which mirrors that of the premises. Thus they may be disposed lengthwise, as shown in
Modular boxes of different shape, for example of rectangular or triangular shape, may of course be used, as shown in
According to the invention the lateral faces 54 of the boxes 50 are pierced with openings 56 intended to allow free circulation of air from the air inlet or inlets inside the boxes. These openings 56 are disposed so that when the lateral faces 54 of two adjacent boxes are assembled together they are face to face.
The modular boxes 50 are advantageously provided with fixing means for fastening them together and making them airtight. Thus screws may be used, or clips 55 that are disposed in recessed housings provided for this purpose, for example in the lateral faces 54, as shown in
Clearly any other fixing element could be used enabling the various modular boxes 50 to be fastened together.
Moreover, the principal faces 52 of the modular boxes will be pierced with holes 16 for injecting the blower flow into the premises. These holes will of course be of the same type as those described above in the embodiment of a floor with no boxes.
The main face 52 could either constitute the walking surface or on the contrary be covered with a plate 60 produced in a material nobler and/or stronger than the material used to construct the boxes 50.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0902010 | Apr 2009 | FR | national |
| 1000528 | Feb 2010 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2010/001201 | 4/23/2010 | WO | 00 | 12/13/2011 |
