Patent Grant
7661977
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to improvements in lamps, especially ultraviolet lamps used in air and water purifiers, as well as lamps used in specialty applications including dedicated application, compact fluorescent and specialty fluorescent lamps.
2. Background
Ultraviolet air or liquid purifiers are known for disinfecting contaminated air or water or other liquid for domestic or commercial use. Such purifiers include at least one lamp for emitting ultraviolet radiation into a chamber through which contaminated air or liquid flows in order to kill organisms therein. Dedicated application lamps are those designed primarily for a single application. Specialty lamps are designed for, but not limited to, subminiature, reflector, cold cathode and/or electrodeless lamps. Germcidal lamps also fall within the specialty lamp definition. In a conventional manner, these lamps include two electrodes spaced apart and located within an elongated arc tube containing a gas, most commonly a noble gas, with or without additives. A pair of end caps is mounted at the ends of the tube. Each electrode contains two lead wires from the lamp seal each of which, or in some instances only one, are electrically connected to respective contact(s) or terminal pin(s). The lamp is typically inserted endwise into a sleeve installed in the water, other liquid or air with or without the sleeve. To simplify insertion and electrical connection, the pins are conveniently mounted on one or both of the end caps. When the electrodes are energized by voltage from an electrical power supply, an electrical discharge is initiated in the gas between the electrodes. This discharge reacts with mercury and causes ultraviolet radiation to be emitted from the lamp in a manner well known in the art.
There are many different types of lamps that have a base or end cap that can be connected with a socket to provide electrical connections to the lamps. The end cap and socket must be constructed to permit replacement of the lamp while securely holding the lamp. This may be particularly important in certain applications where vibration or movement of the lamp or lamp fixture could result in unintentional separation between the lamp's end cap and the socket. Additionally, the electrical connections must remain secure.
In some applications where a multiplicity of contact pins and/or pin orientations is utilized, it is often difficult to align the contact pins to make the electrical connection necessary to operate the lamp. Often, the contact pins may become misaligned or bent due to their extension or projection from the base of the lamp, preventing their insertion into a socket. It may also be possible to insert the end cap into a socket such that the contacts are not connected with the proper terminals in the socket, resulting in improper operation of the lamp. Also, on a typical “slide into place” male/female pin connector there is no locking or twist locking and thus the pins may slide out and become disconnected easily by vibration for example.
An example of an ultraviolet lamp of the type described above is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,527 ('527), which uses a stepped base with a multi-pin connector, all of the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference and shows well known water and air purification arrangements using a lamp. The '527 patent discloses a lamp or bulb, used as an ultraviolet lamp for use in an air or water purifier, comprising an elongated, hollow arc tube extending along a longitudinal axis between opposite end regions. The tube contains a gas, most commonly a noble gas with or without additives. A pair of electrodes is spaced apart along the longitudinal axis. The electrodes are respectively mounted within the arc tube at the end regions thereof. A pair of end caps is respectively mounted at the end regions of the arc tube. A first electrical contact or pair of electrical contacts or terminal pins extends in mutual parallelism along the longitudinal axis and is electrically connected to one or both of the electrode lead wires. A second electrical contact or pair of electrical contacts or terminal pins extends in mutual parallelism along the longitudinal axis and is electrically connected to one or both of the other of the electrode lead wires. Both pairs of pins are mounted on, and extend outwardly along the longitudinal axis of, one of the end caps. A wire conductor is, or two wire conductors are, located exteriorly of the tube and electrically connected to one pin or one pair of pins at one end region of the tube, as well as to the electrode at the other end region of the tube. This design is mainly designed to prevent electrical arcing and does not lock in place.
As noted in WO/2006/136026 to Elku et al. which is a variation of the slide-on pin connector above, a potential problem with this approach is that in many applications, the radiation lamp is immersed in or near a flow of air or water and turbulence created within that air or water treatment system invariably imparts a vibratory motion to the lamps which frequently results in lamps being vibrated or shaken loose of its electrical connection base or socket thereby causing the lamps to be rendered completely or intermittently inoperative. When such an event occurs, the air or water being treated may not be fully disinfected. The prior art has attempted to address this problem by using a relatively complicated mechanical connection (e.g., a so-called “push-and-twist” connection) to secure the lamp to the connection base. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,487 to Sauska et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,884,103 to Kovacs. The potential problem with these approaches is the complexity of the mechanical connection between the lamp and the base unit requiring the use of springs, specialized connection lugs and the like. Further, a connection system which is predicated on a dual motion system such that pushing and twisting if used incorrectly for example may give rise to higher incidents of lamp breakage, electrical shock, and other damage to the lamp by field personal. Therefore, eliminating a forceful “push” necessary to deflect a heavy locking spring in a “push and twist” lock would be beneficial because the typically glass lamp would be subject to reduced force and stress.
Also, it is important for safety that lamps of proper wattage be used for safety, heat, and fire concerns, thus a unique keying system which only allows lamps of proper wattage to be inserted into the base will also help safety.
Accordingly, there remains the need in the art for a safety lamp device, particularly for a radiation lamp, which will provide a reliable, locking, and secure from movement electric connection, yet be relatively inexpensive, uncomplicated, durable, rugged, and simple to implement with smooth operation and with reduced force and stress on the lamp for safety purposes. Also, a lamp connector that reduces the chance of electrical shock is needed for safety purposes.
Thus, there continues to be a need for improved lamp base designs, particularly ultraviolet lamps.
At least an embodiment of end cap may include an end cap body that is tubular in shape, an end cap face provided at a first end of the end cap body, a plurality of end cap terminals provided on the end cap face, and a clip notch provided on an exterior side of the end cap body. The second end of the end cap body may be open and structured to receive the lamp therein.
A least an embodiment of a socket may include a socket body that is generally tubular in shape, a socket face provided at a first end of the socket body, a receiving wall extending from an outer periphery of the socket face and extending in a direction away from the socket body, a plurality of socket terminals provided on the socket, and a resilient clip provided on an inner side of the receiving wall.
Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings which are meant to be exemplary, not limiting, and wherein like elements are numbered alike in several Figures, in which:
As used herein, the word “terminal” can mean, but is not limited to, an active terminal or a passive “dummy” terminal. Additionally, the term “lamp” can refer to compact fluorescent lamps, or Ultra-Violet(UV) lamps, among other lamps suitable for the claimed apparatus.
The apparatus described herein is useful in air and water purification systems, among other applications.
As seen in
Additionally, end cap 100 can have at least one end cap clip 110. In the particular embodiment illustrated in
End cap clips 110 comprise three main parts, the clip leg 116, a slanted pushing face 112, and a flat locking face 114. Clip legs 116 extend from the closed end 102 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the end cap 100. Flat locking face 114 extends perpendicular from clip leg 116. Slanted pushing face 112 extends from the end of flat locking face 114 to the terminal end of clip leg 116.
As seen in
End cap pins 120 can be inserted into socket channels 210 at the insertion end 202 of socket body 200. Because socket channels 210 are electrically conductive as described above, inserting end cap pins 120 into socket channels 210 will make end cap pins 120 electrically connected to the end of socket channels 210 opening on the base end 204 of socket body 200.
Socket body 200 may also include a socket pin 230. Socket pin 230 can insert into end cap hole 130 at the same time that end cap pins 120 are inserted into socket channels 210. Socket pin 230 can be used as a guide for proper insertion of end cap pins 120 into socket channels 210, or as a means of deterring the use of counterfeit, copied, or generic parts which may be unsafe. For example, authorized parts may be of the wrong or excessive wattage rating and/or manufactured poorly.
Socket body 200 can also include at least one clip slot 220. Clip slot 220 is a groove cut into the side of socket body 200 and extends from insertion end 202 to base end 204. Generally, the number of clip slots 220 will correspond to the number of end cap clips 110. Clips slots 220 are aligned with end cap clips 110.
As seen particularly in
As seen in
Socket base plate 302 can be round in shape and having a certain thickness dimension. A screw 304 can extend through socket base plate 302 for attaching the socket base 300 to the socket body 200. Socket base plate 302 also has a number of socket base holes 306 that align with socket channels 210 of socket body 200. As shown in
Clip arms 320 are disposed along the outer circumference socket base plate 302 and extend generally perpendicular to socket base plate 302. Clip arms 320 are aligned with clips slots 220 when socket base 300 is attached to socket body 200. Clip arms 320 can include a pressure area 322 and a clip section 316. Clip arms 320 are flexible and resilient and flex inward toward a longitudinal axis of socket base 300 when pressure is applied to pressure areas 322.
Clip section 310 is similar in structure to end cap clips 110. Clip section 310 includes a clip leg 316, flat locking face 314, and slanted pushing face 312. Flat locking face extends perpendicular to clip legs 316. Slanted pushing face 312 extends from the end of flat locking face 314 to the terminal end of clip leg 316.
As noted above, socket base 300 can be attached to socket body 200, creating socket assembly 400 and attached with a screw, as seen in
Now the insertion and locking of end cap 100 into socket assembly 400 will be described as shown in
As the clips are pushed farther in, slanted pushing face 112 will clear slanted pushing face 312. At this point, the elasticity of clip arm 320 will snap the clip section 310 back to its original position. At this point, flat locking face 114 and flat locking face 314 will be in contact with each other. The contact between flat locking face 114 and flat locking face 314 will prevent end cap 100 from being removed from socket assembly 400.
To release end cap 100 from socket assembly 400, one would press on pressure areas 322. This would displace clip section 310 such that flat locking face 314 would no longer be in contact with flat locking face 114. With nothing to press against flat locking face 114, end cap 100 can be removed from socket assembly 400 very easily. After removing end cap 100, pressure on pressure areas 322 can be released, and clip section 310 will return to its original position.
Thus, this present snap locking operation apparatus overcomes the problems of the prior art discussed in the background at least because the lamp may be easily secured with minimal force, i.e., a “snap action” in contrast to a much more “difficult depress with more force and turn” two step motion of U.S. Pat. No. 6,334,902, or harder torque force required of U.S. Pat. No. 6,884,103, and will lock into place and remain secure even under vibration, such as vibration from water or air flowing through a disinfection apparatus to be disinfected even when hung vertically. It is also much smoother to operate than WO 2006/136026 for example and does not require to be inserted at an odd an awkward angle like WO 2006/136026. Thus, the present invention is also not merely a common sense improvement of the prior art at least because it requires many subtle features to be recognized and used in harmony, as described herein, which the prior art has not recognized to date, and has also not obviously been led to perform by common sense.
The present invention also is very safe because the electrical contacts 210 in the socket are difficult to reach with a finger, i.e., they are tucked away in a safe position from the user. Also, another safety problem with the prior art approaches is the complexity of the mechanical connection between the lamp and the base unit requiring the use of complex shaped springs, specialized connection lugs and the like. Further, a connection system that is predicated on a dual motion system such that if hard force pushing and twisting if used incorrectly for example may give rise to higher incidents of lamp breakage, electrical shock, and other damage to the lamp by field personal. Therefore, eliminating a forceful “push” necessary to deflect a heavy locking spring in a “push and twist” lock would be beneficial because the typically fragile glass lamp would then be subject to reduced force and stress. Thus, the present invention with its “snap action” is much safer and easier to use than the prior art.
An embodiment of a socket includes a socket body 600 that is generally tubular in shape, and a socket face 632 covers a first end of the tubular socket body 600. A receiving wall 604 is positioned at an outer periphery of socket face 632 and extends in a direction away from socket body 600 to form a receiving area 602. Receiving wall 604 may have a circumference larger than a circumference of end cap body 500. Thus, end cap body 500 can be received within receiving wall 604. Additionally, a plurality of socket terminals 610 may be provided on socket face 632. The embodiments of
There are also a number of other safety features that help to insure that a lamp is properly coupled to a socket. For example, as best seen in
Another important safety feature is that the end cap can be provided with a step portion 520 that extends from the end cap face 504. As seen in
Additionally, while
There are also variations in which multiple step portions 520 can be used, as seen in
Another important safety feature is the use of key ribs and key grooves on the end cap and sockets. For example, present
It will be recognized that many variations in the position, size, shape, and number of the key ribs and key grooves are possible. For example, multiple key ribs 660 can be positioned at different positions around receiving wall 604, and key ribs 660 can be shaped as triangles, semi-circles, or any other possible shape. Key grooves 560 on the end cap can be similarly varied.
Alternatively, as seen in
It will also be appreciated that the positions of key grooves 560 and key ribs 562 can be greatly varied. For example, in
As noted above, there are many alignment features designed to ensure that the end cap is properly aligned with the socket when they are coupled, for example, the key ribs and grooves, the step portions and recess portions, and the asymmetric terminal arrangements. These alignment features result in significant and non-trivial benefits over conventional devices.
For example, it will be appreciated that the alignment features described above can ensure that there is only one possible way for an end cap to fit into the socket. This is an important safety feature because it prevents the end cap terminals 510 from mistakenly being connected to the wrong polarity of a power source, for example, which could damage the lamp. Thus, the alignment features described above can help to prevent damage to lamps by ensuring proper coupling.
Additionally, the alignment features described above can help to ensure that a lamp is only coupled with an appropriate socket. For example, an appropriate socket may have a given configuration of key ribs or grooves or recess portions, and unless the end cap is a properly corresponding end cap that has complementary key ribs, key grooves, and/or step portions, the end cap cannot be coupled to the socket.
There features also provide important safety benefits. For example, if terminals are improperly connected to the wrong polarities or improper power source, sparks can be generated that pose a fire risk, or the user may be exposed to electric shock. Each of the alignment features above helps to ensure proper coupling of lamp bases and sockets, thus reducing the risk of these hazards and protecting the safety of the user.
While the description above refers to particular embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims are intended to cover such modifications as would fall within the true scope and spirit of the present invention.
The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
This is a Continuation-in-Part (CIP) application of Ser. No. 11/860,988 filed Sep. 25, 2007 which claimed priority to U.S. provisional application 60/846,980 filed Sep. 25, 2006, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference and priority to which is also claimed hereto.
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| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 01030399 | May 2001 | WO |
| 2006136026 | Dec 2006 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090156037 A1 | Jun 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60846980 | Sep 2006 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11860988 | Sep 2007 | US |
| Child | 12364150 | US |
