The invention relates generally to a soft component with a decorative surface finish, such as in a vehicle.
Various soft components may be positioned throughout a vehicle interior. For example, a soft armrest may be coupled to a floor console located between a driver seat and a passenger seat. Furthermore, additional soft armrests may be coupled to door panels, positioned between rear seats and/or located within other areas of the vehicle interior. The vehicle interior may also include an instrument panel and/or dash board having soft portions, soft sun visors, head rests, or door panels having soft portions, among other soft vehicle interior components. Certain soft components may include a hard inner substrate, a soft cushion disposed about the hard inner substrate, and a flexible outer skin surrounding the soft cushion. The outer skin may be composed of a woven fabric, leather, or a synthetic material, for example.
Alternative soft components may be formed by a molding process in which two reactive compounds are mixed and poured into an open mold having the desired shape of the component. The mold is then closed and the mixture is allowed to expand and cure. In such processes, material chemistry as well as temperature variations within the mold may induce a high density flexible outer skin to form on the outer surface of the low density foam cushion. The resulting integral skin soft component may be suitable for use within the vehicle interior and/or various other applications (e.g., furniture, consumer products, etc.). Integral skin soft components may be less expensive to produce than soft components having a separate cushion and outer skin. However, the soft components having a separate skin may have a more desirable visual appearance because any suitable skin material (e.g., woven fabric, leather, etc.) may be applied to the cushion.
The present invention relates to a soft component including a cushion, and an outer skin disposed onto the cushion and configured to flex in response to deformation of the cushion. The soft component also includes a decorative layer disposed onto a show surface of the outer skin, and a top coat layer disposed onto the decorative layer and bonded to the show surface of the outer skin. The top coat layer is configured to flex with the outer skin while substantially maintaining continuity across the show surface of the outer skin.
The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a soft component including applying a decorative layer onto a show surface of an outer skin of the soft component. The outer skin is disposed about a cushion and configured to flex in response to deformation of the cushion. The method also includes applying a top coat layer onto the decorative layer such that the top coat layer is bonded to the show surface of the outer skin. The top coat layer is configured to flex with the outer skin while substantially maintaining continuity across the show surface of the outer skin.
The present invention further relates to a soft component prepared by a process including applying a decorative layer onto a show surface of an outer skin of the soft component. The outer skin is disposed about a cushion and configured to flex in response to deformation of the cushion. The process also includes applying a top coat layer onto the decorative layer such that the top coat layer is bonded to the show surface of the outer skin. The top coat layer is configured to flex with the outer skin while substantially maintaining continuity across the show surface of the outer skin.
Soft components, such as the armrest, may include a variety of structural configurations. For example, certain soft components may include a hard inner substrate, a soft cushion disposed about the hard inner substrate, and a flexible outer skin surrounding the soft cushion. The outer skin may be composed of a woven fabric, leather, or a synthetic material, for example. Alternative soft components may be formed by a molding process in which two reactive compounds are mixed and poured into an open mold having the desired shape of the component. The mold is then closed and the mixture is allowed to expand and cure. In such processes, material chemistry as well as temperature variations within the mold induce a high density flexible outer skin to form on the outer surface of the low density foam cushion. The resulting integral skin soft component may be suitable for use within the vehicle interior and/or various other applications (e.g., furniture, consumer products, etc.).
Soft components having a separate skin may have a more desirable visual appearance because any suitable skin material (e.g., woven fabric, leather, etc.) may be applied to the cushion. However, separate skin soft components may be more expensive to produce than integral skin soft components due to the labor associated with assembling the components and the cost of the skin material. Consequently, it may be desirable to apply a decorative surface finish to integral skin soft components to enhance the visual appearance. For example, an integral skin soft component may simulate the appearance of a fabric skin by employing a surface finish that looks like a fabric pattern in conjunction with a textured outer skin. Such a configuration may increase the visual appeal of soft components within a vehicle, while reducing manufacturing costs compared to employing separate skin soft components. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the flexible surface finish described below may be applied to separate skin soft components which employ a synthetic (e.g., vinyl, etc.) outer skin to enhance the appearance of the component and/or simulate a more expensive (e.g., leather, etc.) outer skin.
While the decorative surface finish is described below with reference to an armrest, it should be appreciated that the decorative surface finish may be applied to other soft components within the vehicle 10. For example, the decorative surface finish may be applied to other armrests, such as armrests attached to doors or positioned between rear seats, soft portions of the instrument panel and/or dash board, sun visors, head rests, or soft portions of door panels, among other soft vehicle interior components. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the decorative surface finish may be applied to soft components within other vehicles, such as planes, boats, trains, etc. Moreover, the decorative surface finish described below may be applied to furniture, consumer products, or any other suitable soft component having an outer skin capable of supporting the decorative surface finish.
As discussed in detail below, the armrest 22 includes an outer skin 24 having a decorative surface finish configured to flex as the armrest 22 deforms, thereby substantially maintaining the integrity of the surface finish. In the present configuration, a decorative layer, such as an ink layer, is disposed onto a show surface of the outer skin 24. As illustrated, the decorative layer includes a series of diamond-shaped decorations adorning the show surface of the outer skin 24. As will be appreciated, substantially any pattern, picture or image may be applied to the show surface of the outer skin 24 via the decorative layer. In addition, the decorative layer may include substantially any color or combination of colors. As discussed in detail below, the outer skin 24 may have a base color, selected based on the desired appearance of the armrest 22 and/or the selected colors of the decorative layer.
In the present configuration, a top coat layer is disposed onto the decorative layer and bonded to the show surface of the outer skin 24. The top coat layer is configured to flex with the outer skin 24 while substantially maintaining continuity across the show surface of the outer skin 24. Such a configuration may substantially reduce or eliminate the possibility of cracks forming within the top coat as the outer skin 24 flexes. For example, as the armrest 22 deforms under the weight of an occupant arm, the top coat may flex with the outer skin 24. Due to the structural properties of the top coat, the surface finish may remain bonded to the outer skin 24, and may maintain its visual appearance even as the armrest 22 deforms during use.
As will be appreciated, softness of the cushion 32 may be measured by determining the resistance of the cushion to deformation. A variety of tests may be employed to determine the resistance to deformation of the cushion. For example, one known indentation force deflection (IFD) test measures the force sufficient to indent a 50 square inch cushion section by a fraction (e.g., 25%) of its thickness. Based on the 25% IFD test, soft materials may have a range of approximately between 6 to 24 pounds, intermediate materials may have a range of approximately between 24 to 36 pounds, and hard materials may have a range of approximately between 36 to 45 pounds. In certain embodiments, the cushion 32 may be composed of a material having a 25% IFD of approximately between 24 to 36 pounds. Such a softness range may provide a desired level of passenger comfort. However, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments may employ cushions having a higher or lower softness to achieve the desired properties of the soft component.
In addition, the outer skin 24 may be composed of a material particularly selected to provide durability, while maintaining flexibility. As will be appreciated, flexibility and durability of the outer skin 24 may be measured by determining the hardness of the constituent material. One measure of hardness is the resistance to indentation, otherwise referred to as Durometer, denoted in the Shore A scale, for example. Within the Durometer scale, materials are generally characterized based on ranges. Hard or rigid elastomers generally include those having a Durometer greater than about 90 Shore A, soft elastomers generally include those having a Durometer of about 60 Shore A to about 90 Shore A, and super-soft elastomers generally include those having a Durometer below about 60 Shore A. In certain embodiments, the outer skin 24 may be composed of a material having a Durometer of approximately between 20 to 60 Shore A. Utilizing such a material may facilitate bending of the outer skin 24, while maintaining durability and smoothness of the show surface. However, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments may include an outer skin 24 composed of a material having a Durometer of less than 20 Shore A or more than 60 Shore A.
In certain configurations, the cushion 32 and the outer skin 24 may be separate components. For example, the outer skin 24 may be coupled to the cushion 32 by an adhesive, for example. In alternative embodiments, the outer skin 24 and hard substrate 30 may be placed into a mold. A foam layer or other flexible material may then be injected between the outer skin 24 and the hard substrate 30, thereby forming the cushion 32. In further embodiments, the outer skin 24 may be integral with the cushion 32. For example, the armrest 22 may be formed by an injection molding process in which a resin is injected into a mold having a desired shape. Certain injection molding processes mix a foaming/blowing agent with the resin to form the soft foam cushion 32. In such processes, temperature variations within the mold induce the flexible outer skin 24 to form on the outer surface of the foam cushion 32.
Once the armrest 22 has been formed, the exposed or show surface 34 of the outer skin 24 may receive a decorative surface finish configured to flex as the armrest deforms. As discussed in detail below, a decorative layer is disposed onto the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24, and a top coat layer is disposed onto the decorative layer. The top coat layer is configured to flex with the outer skin 24 while substantially maintaining continuity across the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. This configuration enables a decorative surface finish to be applied to the soft armrest 22, thereby enhancing its visual appeal and/or simulating a more expensive outer skin (e.g., leather, etc.).
In certain embodiments, the ink layer 36 may be applied by a hydrographic printing process. In such embodiments, a desired pattern is printed on a sheet of water-soluble film. The sheet is then placed on the surface of water within a hydrographic printing tank. Next, a solvent is sprayed onto the sheet, thereby dissolving the film and leaving the pattern floating on the surface of the water. As the armrest 22 is dipped into the tank, surface pressure of the water transfers the ink layer 36 onto the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. Once the ink layer 36 dries, the pattern becomes permanently affixed to the show surface 34.
In further embodiments, the ink layer 36 may be applied by other printing processes, such as flexography, dye-sublimation printing, screen printing, and digital printing, among others. For example, if the ink layer 36 is applied by a screen printing process, a screen is placed in contact with the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. The screen includes a stencil configured to block ink flow to desired regions of the show surface 34. Consequently, when ink is applied to the screen (e.g., via a roller or squeegee), an ink layer 36 is formed having a pattern corresponding to portions of the screen not covered by the stencil. Furthermore, if the ink layer 36 is applied by a digital printing process (e.g., inkjet printing, etc.), a printing device applies an ink layer 36 onto the show surface 34 having a pattern corresponding to a digital image of the desired pattern.
In certain embodiments, the color of the outer skin 24 is particularly selected to interact with the ink layer 36 to establish a desired appearance. For example, in embodiments in which the armrest 22 is formed by a molding process, a colorant may be mixed into the foam before the foam is injected into the mold. Alternatively, a paint may be applied to the mold before the foam in injected. The paint bonds with the foam adjacent to the outer surface of the mold, thereby establishing a desired color of the outer skin 24. For example, the color of the outer skin 24 may be selected to match the color of a fabric seat covering. In addition, the ink layer 36 and/or texture of the show surface 34 may be configured to simulate a fabric layer. In such a configuration, the armrest 22 may substantially match the appearance of the seats 14.
After the ink layer 36 is applied, a top coat layer 38 is disposed onto the ink layer 36 and bonded to the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. The top coat layer 38 serves to protect the ink layer 36 from wear, and may also provide an enhanced appearance to the armrest 22. For example, the top coat layer 38 may have a glossy finish configured to match other finishes within the vehicle interior 12. Alternatively, the top coat layer 38 may have a dull or matte finish configured to simulate the appearance of a fabric covering. In the present embodiment, the outer skin 24 is textured with the protrusions or bumps 26. In such an embodiment, the top coat layer 38 may fill in the region between protrusions 26, thereby providing the armrest 22 with a smoother appearance.
As previously discussed, the top coat layer 38 is configured to flex with the outer skin 24 while substantially maintaining continuity across the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. Such a configuration may substantially reduce or eliminate the possibility of cracks forming within the top coat layer 38 as the outer skin 24 flexes. For example, as the armrest 22 deforms under the weight of an occupant arm, the top coat 38 may flex with the outer skin 24. Due to the structural properties of the top coat layer 38, the surface finish may remain bonded to the outer skin 24, and may maintain its visual appearance even as the armrest 22 deforms during use. In certain embodiments, the top coat layer 38 may include a urethane blend specifically configured to provide sufficient flexibility to maintain continuity across the show surface 34 as the outer skin 24 flexes. For example, the top coat layer 38 may be a blend of urethane and acrylic. However, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments may employ a top coat layer 38 composed exclusively of an acrylic compound or a urethane compound. Further embodiments may employ other compounds to achieve the desired flexibility of the top coat layer 38.
Next, as represented by block 52, the ink layer 36 is applied to the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. As previously discussed, the ink layer 36 may be applied by a hydrographic printing process in which the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24 is dipped into a hydrographic printing tanking including an ink pattern floating on a water surface. As the armrest 22 is dipped into the tank, surface pressure of the water transfers the ink layer 36 onto the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. Once the ink layer 36 dries, the pattern becomes permanently affixed to the show surface 34. As will be appreciated, alternative embodiments may employ other techniques for applying the ink layer 36 to the outer skin 24. In further embodiments, alternative decorative layers (e.g., appliqués, stains, etc.) may be applied to the outer skin 24. Finally, as represented by block 54, the top coat layer 38 is applied onto the ink layer 36 and bonded to the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. As previously discussed, the top coat layer 38 is configured to flex with the outer skin 24 while substantially maintaining continuity across the show surface 34 of the outer skin 24. Such a configuration may substantially reduce or eliminate the possibility of cracks forming within the top coat layer 38 as the outer skin 24 flexes. For example, as the armrest 22 deforms under the weight of an occupant arm, the top coat 38 may flex with the outer skin 24. Due to the structural properties of the top coat layer 38, the surface finish may remain bonded to the outer skin 24, and may maintain its visual appearance even as the armrest 22 deforms during use.
While only certain features and embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, many modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters (e.g., temperatures, pressures, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited in the claims. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention. Furthermore, in an effort to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not have been described (i.e., those unrelated to the presently contemplated best mode of carrying out the invention, or those unrelated to enabling the claimed invention). It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation.
This application claims priority from and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/315,211, entitled “SOFT COMPONENT WITH DECORATIVE SURFACE FINISH”, filed Mar. 18, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/US2011/028855 | 3/17/2011 | WO | 00 | 9/17/2012 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61315211 | Mar 2010 | US |