Patent Grant
8991388
This invention relates generally to solar array assemblies, and inexpensive trusses adapted to support solar array assemblies.
A photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel with an interconnected assembly of photovoltaic cells, also known as solar cells, is used for generating electricity. The photovoltaic module, known more commonly as the solar panel, is then used in a larger photovoltaic system to generate electricity for commercial and residential applications. A photovoltaic installation typically includes an array of photovoltaic modules or panels, an inverter, batteries and interconnection wiring.
Generally, solar arrays are sited in locations having low annual average cloud cover, for example in deserts. Deserts are also known to have high winds, low rainfall amounts, and typically are relatively warm compared to other environs. These environmental factors may lead to more rapid wear and deterioration of mechanical systems, resulting in the need for relatively more frequent maintenance and repair of such systems. As deserts are typically sparsely populated, if at all, maintenance of mechanical systems, including solar arrays, is a time consuming and expensive proposition. As such, the need for robust solar array systems requiring decreased maintenance and repair as compared to standard solar arrays has been identified.
A major limitation of these solar arrays is the cost of assembly and construction. The arrays must be massive to generate electricity at commercial levels, which makes building arrays from photovoltaic modules marginal, if not commercially impractical.
Traditionally, support structures have been assembled by attaching a single diagonal brace between two longitudinal members, requiring a means for insuring the longitudinal members are evenly spaced at a desired distance, maintained in a parallel orientation, and that the brace is positioned at the proper angle between the two longitudinal members. Once these components are properly aligned, the brace is then fastened to the longitudinal members with a spot weld or appropriate fastener at each end of the brace. A second brace is then placed between the two longitudinal members beginning at one end of the first brace and running along the opposite diagonal to the other longitudinal member, at which point the second brace is then fastened at each end to the longitudinal members. As can be seen, such a manufacturing process requires the use of two spot welds or two fasteners for each brace. This process is time-consuming and requires an operator to place a brace, fasten it, then place a next brace and fasten it, repeating the process until one side of a support structure is completed. Once one side of the support structure has been completed, the process must be repeated for each additional desired side Moreover, there are hundreds of such braces to be assembled from a solar array to produce electricity at a commercial level, a process which is labor intensive, provides significant opportunity for error, and therefore, is expensive.
What is needed to make these solar arrays commercially feasible is a method for inexpensive assembly of solar arrays from commercially available component structures.
The present disclosure describes a movable solar array which may comprise an elongated support truss having a polygonal cross-section. The support truss may have V-shaped longitudinal members forming the corners of the polygonal axial cross-section. An open web may be fixedly attached between each V-shaped longitudinal member and extend the length of the elongated truss along each side of the polygonal axial cross-section. End members may be fixedly attached at each end of the longitudinal support truss and may have a shaft extending longitudinally outwardly from the end member, where the shaft may be adapted to engage a drive provided to rotate the elongated truss. The solar array may further comprise solar panels attached along one side of the elongated truss of polygonal axial cross-section. In addition, the solar array may also comprise at least one rotatable drive capable of rotatably driving the shafts at the ends of the elongated truss to move the solar panels in relation to a change of direction of incoming solar energy.
The polygonal axial cross-section may be selected from the group consisting of a triangular cross-section and a rectangular cross-section.
The open web may be formed of steel joist webbing or bent rebar, and may be fixedly attached to the V-shaped longitudinal supports. Specifically, the open web may be welded to the V-shaped longitudinal supports. It is also envisioned that the V-shaped longitudinal supports may be L-shaped longitudinal members.
The outwardly extending shaft may be located at a position other than the center of mass of the axial cross section.
Alternatively, the disclosure describes a method for collecting solar energy comprising the steps of assembling an elongated support truss of a polygonal axial cross-section with V-shaped longitudinal supports forming corners of the elongated truss of polygonal axial cross-section, open webs fixedly attached between each V-shaped longitudinal support along each side of polygonal axial cross-section extending the length of the elongated truss, and an end member fixedly attached at each end of the support truss including a shaft extending longitudinally outwardly from the end member adapted to engage a drive to longitudinally rotate the elongated truss. Solar panels may be attached along one side of polygonal cross-section of the elongated truss. Additionally, at least one rotatable drive may be assembled which is capable of rotably driving the shafts at the end of the elongated truss to move the solar panels corresponding to a change of angle of incoming solar energy incident upon the solar panels with the movement of the sun over a day. Incoming solar energy may be captured using the solar panels by rotating each solar array in relation to a change of angle of the incoming solar energy, and the captured incoming solar energy may be transformed into electrical energy for an electrical system, which may be, for example, a battery or a municipal power grid
Referring to
The polygonal axial cross-section of the elongated truss 105 may be a triangular cross-section, although the polygonal cross-section may alternately be a rectangular cross-section, a pentagonal cross-section, or any other desired polygonal cross-section. The dimensions of the axial cross-section are constant along the entire length of the elongated truss 105. As such, V-shaped longitudinal members 110 may be formed at an angle which is about 360 divided by the number of sides of the polygon. For example, when the polygonal cross-section is a triangular cross-section, the V-shaped longitudinal member may be formed at about 60° inside angle. Similarly, when the polygonal cross-section is a rectangular cross-section, the V-shaped longitudinal members 110 may be formed at about 90°. Thus, V-shaped is defined to mean having an angle less than about 180°. Alternately or additionally, one or more of the V-shaped longitudinal members may be L-shaped, that is, one side of the longitudinal member may be longer than the other side.
In manufacture, V-shaped longitudinal members 110 may be formed by continuous strand caster. Alternatively, V-shaped longitudinal supports may be formed from hot-rolled angle iron having a 90° angle. Open web 120 may be steel joist webbing or bent rebar formed from cast or hot-roll and shaped on a bender used for making webs for steel joist, which typically may be between about ½ and 1 inch in diameter, although smaller and larger diameters are also contemplated depending upon the required support necessary from the support truss. Additionally, both end member 130 and shaft 132 may be formed of hot-rolled steel. As each of longitudinal members 110, open web 120, end member 130, and shaft 132 may be formed from hot-rolled steel, these components may be fixedly attached or joined to each other by welds formed by an arc welding process. Alternately or in addition, open webs 120 and end members 130 may be joined to longitudinal members 110 using conventional fasteners known in the art.
As described above, the traditional method for assembling support truss for solar arrays is time consuming, labor intensive, and prone to error. By contrast, the presently disclosed method for making the present support truss may be assembled rapidly from relatively few commercially available components. As opposed to the individual braces which must be places, aligned, and attached one-by-one to a pair of parallel support members, the presently disclosed elongated truss 105 may be assembled by simply placing an open web 120, such as steel joist webbing, between two longitudinal members 110 and then attaching each bend of the open web 120 to each of the members 110. Although each bend of the open web 120 is welded to longitudinal members 110, the welding process is performed continuously along the length of each side in the manner webbing in steel joist is assembled, without stopping to place a brace, picking up the torch to weld, setting down the torch to place a brace, ad infinitum, until the side of the support truss is completed. As such, we have found that the presently disclosed method of assembling a support truss is significantly faster than those methods disclosed in the prior art. Even in situations where the desired support truss is longer than commercially available open webs 120 available in metal joist manufacture, provision and attachment of a second open web to meet the desired length of the support truss permits significantly faster assembly than by prior art methods.
By providing commercially available open webs 120 and longitudinal members 110, the cast or shaping of the elongated truss 105 may further reduce dimensional variation in assembled support trusses without additional expense to assembly. This is in direct contrast to prior art methods of assembling support trusses, which utilize jigs or other additional means for decreasing variability in final assembly, thereby increasing the cost of assembly. The truss 105 may be assembled relatively inexpensively using the same production lines used for making steel joist for buildings.
A series of solar panels 140 may be affixed to one face of elongated truss 105, using, for example a series of solar panel frames 142. Solar panel frames 142 may be configured to selectively affix a single solar panel 140 to elongated truss 105, yet also permit solar panels 140 to be selectively removed for repair, maintenance, or other desired purposes. Alternatively, solar panels 140 may be adapted to be fixed to elongated truss 105 using fasteners, for example bolts and nuts, without additional solar panel frames 142.
The entire elongated truss 105 may be supported at each end by a truss support 200. Each truss support 200 may include an A-frame member 210. Truss support 200 may further include brace 214, which is joined at an angle to both A-frame member 210 and a skid member 216. The skid 216 may include a series of apertures 218 configured to accept a stake or other elongated member which may be driven through aperture 218 into the ground under the skid member 216 in order that skid member is fixed to the ground. Alternatively, in situations where it is desired to locate a solar array 100 on relatively hard ground, self-drilling, self-tapping fasteners may be driven through apertures 218 to secure skid member 216 to the ground.
A collar 212 may be attached to each A-frame 210, or alternatively, the collar 212 may be formed as part of A-frame. Collar 212 may be configured to receive shaft 132, therein permitting elongated truss 105 to rotate in conjunction with rotation of shaft 132.
In one embodiment, as shown in
At one end of the elongated truss 105, the shaft 132 may be coupled to a rotatable drive capable of rotatably driving shaft 132. As the rotatable drive turns shaft 132, elongated truss 105 may be rotated to orient the solar panels 140 corresponding to the change of direction of incoming solar energy. Alternately or in addition, a second rotatable drive may be coupled to shaft 132 located at the opposite end of elongated truss 105, providing additional or replacement capability to rotate shaft 132. Such multiple arrangement of rotatable drives may permits solar array 100 to continue operations while one rotatable drive is being serviced without having to provide an immediate replacement for a damaged rotatable drive, thereby decreasing the downtime of the solar array during routine maintenance or repair.
Alternately, solar array 100 may be configured such that elongated trusses 105 are positioned adjacent each other and oriented to have the same longitudinal axis. In such a configuration, the shafts 132 extending from each elongated truss 105 may be coupled to the same rotatable drive. Such a configuration may decrease solar array installation costs. Alternately or additionally, as shown in
It has been found that solar array 100 may be used for capturing solar energy and converting that energy into electrical energy. In such a process, a solar array 100 as described above may be provided at a location with relatively low average cloud cover, for example 3 oktas or less on average, although the process may also be practiced at a location having a higher average cloud cover. As known in the art of meteorology, an okta is a measure of cloud cover based on how many eighths of the sky are obscured by clouds. After provision of solar array 100, the incoming solar energy may be captured using solar panels 140 by rotating solar array 140 in relation to a change of angle of the solar energy incident upon solar panels 140. Solar panels 140 may then transform the incoming solar energy into electrical energy, which in turn may be transferred to an electrically driven device. For example, a portion of the electrical energy may be used to drive a rotatable drive. Alternately or additionally, a portion of the electrical energy may be transferred to a storage battery for subsequent use or transferred to a municipal power grid.
While this invention has been described and illustrated with reference to various embodiments, it shall be understood that such description is by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. Accordingly, the scope and content of the present invention are to be defined only by the terms of the appended claims.
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