Patent Application
20240039467
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-121831 filed on Jul. 29, 2022. The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-121831 is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a solar power generation system.
In the United States, for the purpose of protecting firefighters from electric shock in an emergency such as a fire, the introduction into a solar power generation system of a so-called rapid shutdown function for immediately stopping the power generation by a solar power generation system in an emergency is mandated by National Electrical Code (NEC). For example, Published Japanese Translation No. 2012-511299 of the PCT International Publication discloses a solar power generation system in which the output of power from solar cell modules to an inverter is stopped according to the operating state of the inverter.
In a solar power generation system, in order to further improve the safety of firefighters in the event of a fire, for example, preferably a shut-off device having the rapid shutdown function is installed for each solar cell module. However, the shut-off device for each solar cell module increases the installation cost of the shut-off devices. Further, the shut-off device of a solar power generation system uses a switching element
for opening and closing a mechanical contact such as a relay, as a switching element for cutting off an electric circuit in the solar power generation system. The power for driving the switching element is supplied from the solar cell modules of the solar power generation system. That is, the power generated by the solar cell modules is used for driving an external device (for example, an inverter) and driving the switching element. In this case, if the amount of power generated by the solar cell modules drops for some reason and the power required to drive the switching element is no longer supplied to the switching element, for example, a phenomenon, in which even if an attempt is made to close the contact of the switching element with the power from the solar cell modules (even if an attempt is made to turn the switching element into an ON state), the contact is opened immediately (the switching element is turned into an OFF state), and this closing and opening may be repeated. Further, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell modules becomes unstable, the switching element may be repeatedly switched between the ON state and the OFF state. The occurrence of this phenomenon makes the operation of the solar power generation system unstable, for example, thereby hindering the operation of the solar power generation system.
An object of the claimed invention is to provide a solar power generation system that decreases the installation cost of shut-off devices and that improves stability of the solar power generation system.
The solar power generation system according to one aspect of the present invention includes a string, an inverter, a first shut-off device, and a second shut-off device. The string includes a plurality of solar cell module groups connected in series with each other. The plurality of solar cell module groups each include one or a plurality of solar cell modules connected in series. The inverter is connected to the string for converting DC power output from the solar cell modules to AC power. The first shut-off device is connected to a first electric path connecting between the plurality of solar cell module groups. The second shut-off device is connected to a second electric path connecting between a plurality of solar cell module groups different from the plurality of solar cell module groups connected to the first electric path. The plurality of solar cell module groups in the string each have an open circuit voltage equal to or less than a predetermined open circuit voltage. The first shut-off device cuts off the connections between the plurality of solar cell module groups connected to the first electric circuit, in response to a first control signal from the inverter. The second shut-off device cuts off the connections between the solar cell module groups connected to the second electric circuit, in response to a second control signal output from the first shut-off device by a communication system different from power line communication via a communication line connected to the first shut-off device and the second shut-off device.
The plurality of solar cell module groups in the string includes a first group. The first shut-off device includes: a first open-close unit connected to an anode-side terminal of the first group; a first semiconductor switching device connected in series between the anode-side terminal of the first group and the first open-close unit; and a first power supply unit configured to generate power to drive the first open-close unit, the first power supply unit having an anode-side terminal connected between the anode-side terminal of the first group and the first semiconductor switching device and a cathode-side terminal connected to a cathode-side terminal of the first group. The first semiconductor switching device enters an OFF state in a case where an amount of power generated by the first group falls below a predetermined threshold value.
In this solar power generation system, the first shut-off device and the second shut-off device are in a master-slave relationship, and the second shut-off device cuts off the connections between the plurality of solar cell module groups in response to the second control signal output from the first shut-off device. As such, the configuration of the second shut-off device can be simplified, thereby reducing the installation cost of the second shut-off device. In addition, since each of the plurality of solar cell module groups has an open-circuit voltage equal to or less than a predetermined open-circuit voltage, a highly safe solar power generation system can be provided. The second control signal from the first shut-off device is output by a communication system different from power line communication via a communication line, and thereby the signal is unlikely to be affected by noise as compared with the power line communication, and the communication from the first shut-off device to the second shut-off device can be stabilized.
In the solar power generation system, the first semiconductor switching device of the first shut-off device enters an OFF state in the case where the amount of power generated by the first group connected to the first shut-off device falls below a predetermined threshold value. Thus, when the amount of power generated by the first group is small, the electric circuit from the first group to the inverter is cut off, and the first group can supply the power only to the first power supply unit. That is, when the amount of power generated by the first group is small, the power generated by the first group is used only to drive the open-close unit. As a result, the first open-close unit can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the first group is small or unstable. As a result, the solar power generation system operates stably.
The first shut-off device may include a first bypass device. The first bypass device is connected at one end to the cathode-side terminal of the first group. The other end of the first bypass element is connected between the first open-close unit and the first semiconductor switching device. In this case, even if the amount of power generated by the first group decreases, the power generated by another solar cell module group can be transferred to the inverter via the first bypass device.
The first semiconductor switching device may be a MOSFET device or an IGBT device. These devices can reduce the power required to turn the semiconductor switching device into an ON state or an OFF state.
The first shut-off device may include a second open-close unit connected to the cathode-side terminal of the first group. In this case, a plurality of electric circuits can be opened and closed by the single first shut-off device.
The second open-close unit may be driven by the power supplied from the first power supply unit. In this case, when the first shut-off device is disposed, additional wiring for supplying power to drive the open-close unit can be omitted. Thus, the installation cost of the first shut-off device can be reduced. Further, the drive voltage range of the first shut-off device can be narrowed, reducing the manufacturing cost of the first shut-off device.
The first shut-off device may be configured to control the opening and closing of the first open-close unit and the second open-close unit independently of each other. In this case, for example, when a defect such as a contact failure occurs in the first open-close unit, it is possible to continue to use the second open-close unit that is operating normally.
The plurality of solar cell module groups in the string may include a second group. The second shut-off device may include a third open-close unit connected to an anode-side terminal of the second group, a second semiconductor switching device connected in series between the anode-side terminal of the second group and the third open-close unit, and a power supply unit having an anode-side terminal connected to the anode-side terminal of the second group and the second semiconductor switching element and a cathode-side terminal connected the cathode-side terminal of the second group, the power supply unit being configured to generate power to drive the second open-close unit. The second semiconductor switching device may enter the OFF state when the amount of power generated by the second group falls below a predetermined threshold value. In this case, when the amount of power generated by the second group is small, the power generated by the second group is used only to drive the open-close unit. As long as the power generated by the second group is supplied only to drive the open-close unit, the third open-close unit can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the power generated by the second group is small or unstable.
The second shut-off device may include a second bypass device. The second bypass device is connected at one end to the cathode-side terminal of the second group. The other end of the second bypass element is connected between the third open-close unit and the second semiconductor switching device. In this case, even if the amount of power generated by the second group drops, the power generated by another solar cell module group can be transferred to the inverter via the second bypass element.
The second semiconductor switching device may be a MOSFET device or an IGBT device. These devices can reduce the power required to turn the second semiconductor switching device into an ON state or an OFF state.
The second shut-off device may include a fourth open-close unit connected to the cathode-side terminal of the second group. In this case, a plurality of electric circuits can be opened and closed by the single first shut-off device.
The fourth open-close unit may be driven by the power supplied from a second power supply unit. In this case, when the second shut-off device is disposed, additional wiring for supplying power to drive the open-close unit can be omitted. As a result, the installation cost of the second shut-off device can be reduced. Further, since the drive voltage range of the second shut-off device can be narrowed, reducing the manufacturing cost of the second shut-off device.
The second shut-off device may be configured to control the opening and closing of the third open-close unit and the fourth open-close unit independently of each other. In this case, for example, when a defect such as a contact failure occurs in the third open-close unit, it is possible to continue to use the fourth open-close unit that is operating normally.
The first shut-off device may cut off the connections between the plurality of solar cell module groups connected to the first electric circuit in response to the first control signal from the inverter, and then output the second control signal to the second shut-off device. In this case, the voltage applied to the second shut-off device can be decreased. With the configuration, the cost of the second shut-off device can be reduced.
The plurality of solar cell module groups in the string may each have an open circuit voltage of 165 V or less. In this case, a safer solar power generation system can be provided.
The inverter may output the first control signal to the first shut-off device by power line communication. In this case, when the first shut-off device is disposed in an existing solar power generation system, the additional wiring for ensuring the communication between the inverter and the first shut-off device can be omitted, which reduces the installation cost of the first shut-off device.
The inverter may output the first control signal to the first shut-off device by wireless communication. In this case, the first control signal can be output to the first shut-off device by remote control.
At least one of the plurality of solar cell module groups in the string may include a plurality of solar cell modules connected in series. In this case, the plurality of solar cell modules can be cut off by the first shut-off device or the second shut-off device.
According to the present invention, a solar power generation system is provided that achieves both the decrease in installation cost of shut-off devices and the improvement of stability of the solar power generation system.
The string 2 includes a plurality of solar cell module groups 6A to 6H connected in series with each other. Each of the solar cell module groups 6A to 6H includes one or more solar cell modules 6 connected in series. That is, the string 2 includes a plurality of (for example, 16 in the present embodiment) solar cell modules 6 connected in series with each other. Note that the solar power generation system 1 may include a solar cell array in which a plurality of strings 2 are connected in parallel.
The plurality of solar cell module groups 6A to 6H have an open circuit voltage, for each group, equal to or less than a predetermined open circuit voltage. The predetermined open circuit voltage may, for example, be 165 V. That is, in the string 2, the plurality of solar cell module groups is divided into groups so that each group has an open circuit voltage of 165 V or less. The solar cell modules 6 each have an open circuit voltage of 50 V, for example. Hereinafter, the solar cell module groups 6A to 6H may be referred to as groups 6A to 6H.
Each of the groups 6A, 6C, 6E, and 6G includes one solar cell module 6. Each of the groups 6B, 6D, 6F, and 6H includes three solar cell modules 6 connected in series with each other. Thus, the open circuit voltage of each of the groups 6A, 6C, 6E, 6G is 50 V, and the open circuit voltage of each of the groups 6B, 6D, 6F, 6H is 150 V.
The groups 6A to 6H are arranged in alphabetical order from the group 6A to the group 6H and are connected in series with each other. The groups 6A to 6H each include an anode-side terminal and a cathode-side terminal. The anode-side terminal in each of the groups 6A to 6H corresponds to the anode-side terminal of the solar cell modules 6 closest to the anode of the inverter 3 among the plurality of solar cell modules 6 in the groups 6A to 6H. The cathode in each of the groups 6A to 6H corresponds to the cathode-side terminal of the solar cell modules 6 farthest from the anode of the inverter 3 among the plurality of solar cell modules 6 in the groups 6A to 6H.
For example, the anode-side terminal of the group 6A corresponds to the anode-side terminal of a solar cell module 6 in the group 6A. The anode-side terminal of the group 6A is connected to the anode-side terminal of the inverter 3. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6A corresponds to the cathode-side terminal of a solar cell module 6 in the group 6A. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6A is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6B.
For example, the anode-side terminal of the group 6B corresponds to the anode-side terminal of the solar cell module closest to the group 6A among the solar cell modules 6 in the group 6B. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6B corresponds to the cathode-side terminal of the solar cell module farthest from the group 6A among the solar cell modules 6 in the group 6B. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6B is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6C.
The cathode-side terminal of the group 6C is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6D. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6D is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6E. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6E is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6F. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6F is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6G. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6G is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6H. The cathode-side terminal of the group 6H is connected to the cathode-side terminal of the inverter 3.
The solar cell modules 6 receive sunlight to generate power, and they output the generated power to the inverter 3. The inverter 3 is connected to the string 2 via a power line. The inverter 3 converts the DC power from the solar cell modules 6 in the string 2 into AC power. The inverter 3 is connected to a power system 7 and supplies the AC power to the commercial power system and load devices.
Specifically, the inverter 3 includes a DC/DC converter 3a, a DC/AC inverter 3b, and a control unit 3c. The DC/DC converter 3a converts the voltage of the power output from the solar cell modules 6 into a predetermined voltage and inputs it to the DC/AC inverter 3b. The DC/AC inverter 3b converts the DC power output from the solar cell modules 6 into AC power via the DC/DC converter 3a. The control unit 3c includes a CPU and memory and controls the DC/DC converter 3a and the DC/AC inverter 3b. The control unit 3c outputs a first control signal to the first shut-off device 4 by power line communication.
The first shut-off device 4 is connected to electric paths connecting between the groups 6A to 6H. In the present embodiment, the first shut-off device 4 is connected to an electric path 8a connecting the group 6A and the group 6B and an electric path 8b connecting the inverter 3 and the group 6A. The first shut-off device 4 cuts off the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B and the connection between the inverter 3 and the group 6A in response to a first control signal from the inverter 3.
The first shut-off device 4 outputs a second control signal to the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 via a communication line 10 connected to the first shut-off device 4 and the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 by a communication system different from power line communication. The first shut-off device 4a outputs the second control signal to the second shut-off device 5a using, for example, a serial communication method such as Local Interconnect Network (LIN) communication or Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) communication. The first shut-off device 4 cuts off the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B and the connection between the inverter 3 and the group 6A, and then outputs the second control signal to the plurality of second shut-off devices 5. The first shut-off device 4 is connected to the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 via the communication line 10.
The first shut-off device 4 and the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 are in a master-slave relationship. The first shut-off device 4 functions as a master for the second shut-off devices 5, and the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 function as slaves to the first shut-off device 4. That is, the first shut-off device 4 controls the plurality of second shut-off devices 5.
The power supply unit 41 may be a regulator connected in parallel to the solar cell module group. Specifically, the power supply unit 41 has an anode-side terminal connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6A, and a cathode-side terminal connected to the cathode-side terminal of the group 6A. The power supply unit 41 is configured, for example, in a circuit as shown in
The power supply unit 41 uses the power generated by the solar cell modules 6 as a power source to generate drive power to drive the first shut-off device 4. Here, only the power generated by the solar cell modules 6 of the group 6A is used to generate the drive power to drive the first shut-off device 4.
The signal-receiving unit 42 receives the first control signal from the control unit 3c of the inverter 3 and outputs the received first control signal to the control unit 43. Specifically, the signal-receiving unit 42 receives the first control signal from the control unit 3c of the inverter 3 via a signal detection unit 46 that detects a first control signal from the control unit 3c of the inverter 3.
The control unit 43 includes a CPU and memory. The control unit 43 controls the electric current flowing through the coil in the relay 44 based on the signals output from the signal reception unit 42, and controls the opening and closing of the contacts of the relay 44. The relay 44 is, for example, a mechanical relay and is able to open and close a high-voltage direct current. The control unit 43 receives, from the power supply unit 41, a power supply to drive the relay 44.
The control unit 43 outputs the second control signal to the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 via the communication line 10 by a communication system different from power line communication. The control unit 43 cuts off the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B, and then outputs the second control signal to the plurality of second shut-off devices 5. The control unit 43 determines whether or not the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B is cut off by monitoring the voltage between the contacts of the relay 44, for example.
The relay 44 includes a first open-close unit 44a and a second open-close unit 44b. The first open-close unit 44a is arranged in the electric path 8b to which the anode-side terminal of the group 6A is connected and opens and closes the connection between the inverter 3 and the group 6A. The second open-close unit 44b is arranged in the electric path 8a to which the cathode-side terminal of the group 6A is connected and opens and closes the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B. In the present embodiment, the second open-close unit 44b may be omitted.
While the drive power is not supplied from the power supply unit 41, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b are in the open state all the time. Accordingly, while the first shut-off device 4 is not driven, the connection between the inverter 3 and the group 6A and the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B are in a cutoff state.
The bypass circuit 45 is a circuit to allow the signal-receiving unit 42 to receive the first control signal from the control unit 3c when the first shut-off device 4 is in the cutoff state. While the electric paths 8a and 8b are in the cutoff state by the first shut-off device 4, the signal-receiving unit 42 is able to receive the first control signal from the control unit 3c via the bypass circuit 45.
The first semiconductor switching device 47 is connected in series with the first open-close unit 44a in the electric path 8b. Specifically, the first semiconductor switching device 47 is connected to, at one end, the anode-side terminal of group 6A. The other end of the first semiconductor switching device 47 is connected to the first open-close unit 44a. The first semiconductor switching device 47 is, for example, an MOSFET device or an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) device.
The first semiconductor switching device 47 is connected to the control unit 43. The control unit 43 controls to switch between the ON state and the OFF state of the first semiconductor switching device 47. Here, the “ON state” means that one end and the other end of the first semiconductor switching device 47 are in a conductive state. The “OFF state” means that one end and the other end of the first semiconductor switching device 47 are in a non-conducting state.
When the first semiconductor switching device 47 is a MOSFET device or an IGBT device, the control unit 43 is connected to a gate terminal of the first semiconductor switching device 47. The control unit 43 can turn the first semiconductor switching device 47 into an ON state or an OFF state by outputting a predetermined voltage signal to the gate terminal. When a voltage signal is output to the gate terminal to turn the MOSFET device or the IGBT device into the ON state or the OFF state, almost no current flows through the gate terminal. Thus, the MOSFET device or the IGBT device as the first semiconductor switching device 47 can reduce the power required to turn the first semiconductor switching device 47 into the ON state or the OFF state.
In the first shut-off device 4, when the first semiconductor switching device 47 is turned OFF, the anode-side terminal of the group 6A and the inverter 3 are cut off. Even if the first semiconductor switching device 47 is turned OFF, however, the power supply unit 41 is not cut off from the group 6A. That is, in a case where the first semiconductor switching device 47 is in the OFF state, the power generated by the group 6A is supplied to the power supply unit 41 but not to the inverter 3.
The control unit 43 turns the first semiconductor switching device 47 into an OFF state in a case where the amount of power generated by the group 6A is smaller than a predetermined threshold. Thus, when the amount of power generated by the group 6A is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the power of the group 6A is supplied only to the first shut-off device 4 (the power supply unit 41). With this configuration, when the amount of power generated by the group 6A is small, the power from the group 6A can be used only to drive the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b. When the power from the group 6A is supplied only to the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b, even if the amount of power generated by the group 6A is small or unstable, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state). As a result, the solar power generation system 1 operates stably. The above threshold can be set, for example, as the amount of power with which the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b operate stably even if the power of the group 6A is supplied to both of the power supply unit 41 and the inverter 3.
Further, since the first shut-off device 4 includes the first semiconductor switching device 47, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b are maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if there occurs an abnormality in the amount of power generated by the group 6A. Thus, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b are less likely to open and close while a high voltage is applied to these open-close units. As such, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b are not required to have a large voltage-carrying capacity and can be inexpensive.
The first bypass device 48 is connected in parallel to the group 6A. Specifically, the first bypass device 48 is connected, at one end, between the cathode-side terminal of group 6A and the second open-close unit 44b. The other end of the first bypass device 48 is connected between the first open-close unit 44a and the first semiconductor switching device 47. The first bypass device 48 may, for example, be a diode having an anode connected to the cathode side of group 6A and a cathode connected between the first open-close unit 44a and the first semiconductor switching device 47.
When the solar cell modules of the group 6A are shaded at sunrise or sunset, sometimes sufficient power cannot be output from the group 6A due to an abnormality such as a sudden power drop or abnormal heat generation in the group 6A. At that time, the bypass device 48 forms an electric path that “bypasses” the group 6A and transfers the power generated by the other solar cell module groups. Specifically, in a case where the amount of power generated by the group 6A is insufficient, the first semiconductor switching device 47 is turned OFF and the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b enter the closed state, the first bypass device 48 forms a path through which the power generated by the other solar cell module groups is transferred to the inverter 3 (the first shut-off device 4).
When the group 6A cannot output sufficient power, the first bypass device 48, which is a diode, is able to immediately form an electric path that bypasses the group 6A in which an abnormality has occurred based on its own electrical characteristics without any command of an external signal.
The plurality of second shut-off devices 5 are connected to electric paths 8c to 8h connecting between the groups 6C to 6H other than the groups 6A and 6B connected to the electric path 8a. The plurality of second shut-off devices 5 cut off the connections between the groups 6C to 6H in response to the second control signal output from the first shut-off device 4 via the communication line 10. In the present embodiment, the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 include three second shut-off devices 5a to 5c.
The second shut-off device 5a is connected to the electric path 8c connecting the group 6B and the group 6C, and the electric path 8d connecting the group 6C and the group 6D. The second shut-off device 5b is connected to the electric path 8e connecting the group 6D and the group 6E, and the electric path 8f connecting the group 6E and the group 6F. The second shut-off device 5c is connected to an electric path 8g connecting the group 6F and the group 6G, and an electric path 8h connecting the group 6G and the group 6H.
The power supply unit 51 may be a regulator connected in parallel to the solar cell module group. Specifically, the anode-side terminal of the power supply unit 51 is connected to the anode-side terminal of the group 6C, and the cathode-side terminal is connected to the cathode-side terminal of the group 6C. The power supply unit 51 uses the power generated by the solar cell modules 6 as a power source to generate drive power to drive the second shut-off device 5. Here, only the power generated by the solar cell modules 6 of the group 6C is used to generate the power to drive the second shut-off device 5. Note that the configuration of the power supply unit 51 is similar to that of the power supply unit 41 of the first shut-off device 4, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted.
The control unit 53 includes a CPU and memory. The control unit 53 controls the electric current flowing through the coil of the relay 54 in response to the second control signal from the first shut-off device 4, and controls the opening and closing of the contacts of the relay 54. The relay 44 is, for example, a mechanical relay and is able to open and close a high-voltage direct current. The control unit 53 receives the second control signal from the first shut-off device 4 via a communication interface (not shown) connected to the communication line 10, and opens the contacts of the relay 54. The control unit 53 receives a power supply to drive the relay 54 from the power supply unit 51.
The relay 54 includes a third open-close unit 54a and a fourth open-close unit 54b. The third open-close unit 54a is arranged in the electric path 8c to which the anode-side terminal of the group 6C is connected and opens and closes the connection between the group 6B and the group 6C. The third open-close unit 54a is connected to the cathode-side terminal of group 6B and the second semiconductor switching device 56. The fourth open-close unit 54b is arranged in the electric path 8d to which the cathode-side terminal of the group 6C is connected, and opens and closes the connection between the group 6C and the group 6D.
While no drive power is supplied from the power supply unit 51, the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b are in the open state all the time. Accordingly, when the second shut-off device 5a is not driven, the connection between the group 6B and the group 6C and the connection between the group 6C and the group 6D are in the cutoff state.
The bypass circuit 55 is a circuit to allow the signal-receiving unit 42 of the first shut-off device 4 to receive the first control signal from the control unit 3c by power line communication when the second shut-off devices 5 are in the cutoff state. The bypass circuit 55 enables continuation of the power line communication.
The second semiconductor switching device 56 is connected in series with the third open-close unit 54a in the electric path 8c. Specifically, the second semiconductor switching device 56 is connected to, at one end, the anode-side terminal of group 6C. The other end of the second semiconductor switching device 56 is connected to the third open-close unit 54a. The second semiconductor switching device 56 may, for example, be a MOSFET device or an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) device.
The second semiconductor switching device 56 is connected to the control unit 53. The control unit 53 controls to switch between the ON state and the OFF state of the second semiconductor switching device 56.
When the second semiconductor switching element 56 is a MOSFET device or an IGBT device, the control unit 53 is connected to a gate terminal of the second semiconductor switching device 56. The control unit 53 can turn the second semiconductor switching device 56 into an ON state or an OFF state by outputting a predetermined voltage signal to the gate terminal. When a voltage signal is output to the gate terminal to turn the MOSFET device or the IGBT device into the ON state or the OFF state, almost no current flows through the gate terminal. Thus, the MOSFET device or the IGBT device as the second semiconductor switching device 56 can reduce the power required to turn the second semiconductor switching element 56 into the ON state or the OFF state.
In the second shut-off devices 5, when the second semiconductor switching device 56 is turned into the OFF state, the anode-side terminal of the group 6C and the group 6B are cut off. However, even if the second semiconductor switching device 56 is turned OFF, the power supply unit 51 is not cut off from the group 6C. That is, when the second semiconductor switching device 56 is in the OFF state, the power generated by the group 6C is supplied to the power supply unit 51, but not to the inverter 3.
The control unit 53 turns the second semiconductor switching device 56 into the OFF state in a case where the amount of the power generated by the group 6C is smaller than a predetermined threshold. Accordingly, when the amount of the power generated by the group 6C is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the power of the group 6C is supplied only to the second shut-off devices 5 (power supply unit 51). Thus, when the amount of the power generated by the group 6C is small, the power from the group 6C can be used only to drive the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b. As long as the power from the group 6C is supplied only to the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b, even if the amount of the power generated by the group 6C is small or unstable, the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state). As a result, the solar power generation system 1 operates stably. The above threshold can be set as, for example, the amount of power with which the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b operate stably even if the power of the group 6C is supplied to both the power supply unit 51 and the inverter 3.
The second shut-off device 5 includes the second semiconductor switching device 56, and thereby the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be closed (ON state) even if there occurs an abnormality in the amount of power generated by the group 6C. Therefore, the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b are less likely to open and close while a high voltage is applied to these open-close units. As such, the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b are not required to have a large withstand voltage and can be inexpensive.
The relay 54 of the second shut-off device 5b opens and closes the connection between the group 6D and the group 6E and the connection between the group 6E and the 6F. The relay 54 of the second shut-off device 5c opens and closes the connection between the group 6F and the group 6G and the connection between the group 6G and the group 6H. The second shut-off device 5b and the second shut-off device 5c have similar configurations to those of the second shut-off device 5a except that the electric circuit to be connected is different from the second shut-off device 5a, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.
The second bypass device 57 is connected in parallel to the group 6C. Specifically, the second bypass device 57 is connected, at one end, between the cathode-side terminal of the group 6C and the fourth open-close unit 54b. The other end of the second bypass device 57 is connected between the third open-close unit 54a and the second semiconductor switching device 56. The second bypass device 57 may, for example, be a diode having an anode connected to the cathode side of the group 6C and a cathode connected between the third open-close unit 54a and the second semiconductor switching device 56.
When the solar cell modules of the group 6C are shaded at sunrise or sunset, sufficient power cannot be output from the group 6C due to an abnormality such as a sudden power drop or abnormal heat generation in the group 6C. At that time, the second bypass device 57 forms an electric path that “bypasses” the group 6C and transfers the power generated by the other solar cell module groups. Specifically, the second bypass device 57 forms a path through which the power generated by the other solar cell module groups is transferred to the inverter 3 (first shut-off device 4) when the amount of power generated by the group 6C is insufficient, the second semiconductor switching device 56 is turned in an OFF state, and the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b are closed.
When the group 6C cannot output sufficient power, the second bypass device 57, which is a diode, is able to immediately form an electric path that bypasses the first group 6C in which an abnormality has occurred, based on its own electrical characteristics without any command of an external signal.
Note that the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 in the present embodiment do not have a function to be communication with each other. The plurality of second shut-off devices 5 also do not have a function of outputting a signal from the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 to the first shut-off device 4.
Next, an example of the operation modes of the first shut-off device 4 and the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 will be described with reference to
The start mode is a mode for when sunlight starts to hit the solar cell modules 6. At this time, the solar cell modules 6 receive sunlight and generate power. Then, the first shut-off device 4 is driven by the drive power generated by the power supply unit 41 using the power generated by the solar cell modules 6 and the first shut-off device 4 is driven by the drive power generated by the power supply unit 41 using the power generated by the solar cell modules 6. When the first shut-off device 4 is driven and the control unit 43 receives the first control signal from the control unit 3c of the inverter 3 via the signal reception unit 42, the control unit 43 closes the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b of the relay 44.
Similarly, the second shut-off device 5a is driven by the drive power generated by the power supply unit 51 of the second shut-off device 5a using the power generated by the solar cell modules 6. When the second shut-off device 5a is driven and the control unit 53 receives a command signal from the first shut-off device 4, which is different from the second control signal, for example, the control unit 53 turns the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b of the relay 54 into a closed state. The second shut-off device 5b and the second shut-off device 5c operate in the same manner as the second shut-off device 5a. Consequently, the groups 6A to 6H are connected to the string 2 via the first shut-off device 4 and the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c, and the power generated by the solar cell modules 6 is output to the inverter 3.
In the start mode (particularly at sunrise) at the time when sunlight begins to hit the solar cell modules 6, the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small. Thus, in the start mode, if the power from the solar cell module groups is used to drive the open-close units and also to be supplied to the inverter 3, it might happen that sufficient power is not provided to drive the open-close units, and thereby even if the open-close units attempt to shift from the open state (OFF state) to the closed state (ON state), they immediately return to the open state (OFF state), and this attempt and return action may be repeated.
Thus, in the start mode, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the first shut-off device 4 is smaller than a predetermined threshold, the control unit 43 turns the first semiconductor switching device 47 into an OFF state. With this configuration, the power from the solar cell module groups is used only to drive the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b, and thereby the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small.
As long as the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state, the first shut-off device 4 is able to transfer the power generated by the other solar cell module groups to the inverter 3 via the first bypass device 48.
Also, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the second shut-off devices 5 is smaller than a predetermined threshold, the control unit 53 turns the second semiconductor switching device 56 into an OFF state. With this configuration, the power from the solar cell module groups is used only to drive the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b, and thereby the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small.
As long as the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state, the second shut-off devices 5 are able to transfer the power generated by the other solar cell module groups to the inverter 3 via the second bypass device 57.
After that, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups increases sufficiently (that is, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups exceeds the predetermined threshold), the control units 43 and 53 turn the first semiconductor switching device 47 and the second semiconductor switching device 56 into an ON state, respectively. With this configuration, after the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups increases sufficiently, it becomes possible to use the power generated by the solar cell module groups to drive the open-close units and to supply the inverter 3.
The active mode is a state in which the solar cell modules 6 receive sunlight during the daytime to generate power, and is substantially the same as the start mode. Thus, in the active mode, the groups 6A to 6H are in connection with each other via the first shut-off device 4 and the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c, and the power generated by the solar cell modules 6 is output to the inverter 3.
In the active mode, the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups may decrease due, for example, to a shadow onto the solar cell module groups or an abnormality in a solar cell module(s) in the solar cell module groups. In preparation for such a case, in the active mode, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the first shut-off device 4 falls below a predetermined threshold, the control unit 43 turns the first semiconductor switching device 47 into an OFF state. With this configuration, the power from the solar cell module groups is used only to drive the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b. Thus, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small.
As long as the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state, the first shut-off device 4 is able to transfer the power generated by the other normal solar cell module groups to the inverter 3 via the first bypass device 48.
When the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the second shut-off devices 5 is smaller than a predetermined threshold, the control unit 53 turns the second semiconductor switching device 56 into an OFF state. With this configuration, the power from the solar cell module groups is used only to drive the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b, and thereby the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small.
As long as the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state, the second shut-off devices 5 are able to transfer the power generated by the other normal solar cell module groups to the inverter 3 via the second bypass device 57.
The normal shut-off mode is a mode for when the solar cell modules 6 are not exposed to sunlight at night or due to the influence of bad weather such as rain. Accordingly, in the normal shut-off mode, the solar cell modules 6 do not generate power. In the normal shut-off mode, the first control signal S1 is output from the control unit 3c in the inverter 3. Thus, in the normal shut-off mode, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b of the first shut-off device 4 and the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b of the second shut-off devices to 5c are all in the open state. Note that, in the normal shut-off mode, no power is generated by the solar cell modules 6, and no drive power is supplied from the solar cell modules 6 to the first shut-off device 4 and the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c.
At the time of shifting from the start mode or the active mode to the normal shut-off mode, for example, at sunset, the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups decreases. As such, when shifting to the normal shut-off mode, if the power generated by the solar cell module groups is used both to drive the open-close units and supply to the inverter 3, it might happen that sufficient power is not provided to drive the open-close units, and thereby even if the open-close units attempt to shift from the open state (OFF state) to the closed state (ON state), they immediately return to the open state (OFF state), and this attempt and return action may be repeated.
Thus, at the time of shifting to the normal shut-off mode, when a sufficient amount of power is not available from the solar cell module groups connected to the first shut-off device 4 (that is, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups falls below a predetermined threshold), the control unit 43 turns the first semiconductor switching device 47 into the OFF state. With this configuration, the power from the solar cell module groups is used only to drive the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b. Thus, even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state).
At the time of shifting to the normal shut-off mode, when a sufficient amount of power is not available from the solar cell module groups connected to the second shut-off devices 5, the control unit 53 turns the second semiconductor switching device 56 into the OFF state. With this configuration, the power from the solar cell module groups is used only to drive the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b, and thereby the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of the power generated by the solar cell module groups.
In the normal shut-off mode, for example, when the power generation by the solar cell modules 6 of the group 6A is unstable due to the unstable weather or the like, the relay 44 is turned into the ON/OFF state depending on the power supplied from the solar cell modules 6 of the group 6A. Also, when the power generation by the solar cell modules 6 of the group 6C is unstable, the relay 54 is turned into the ON/OFF state depending on the power supplied from the solar cell modules 6 of the group 6C. As a result, the relays 44 and 54 may be repeatedly switched between the ON state and the OFF state.
Thus, in a case where the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the first shut-off device 4 may become unstable and smaller than a predetermined threshold and also the first open-close unit 44a and/or the second open-close unit 44b may repeat the open and close actions, the control unit 43 turns the first semiconductor switching device 47 into an OFF state. With this configuration, even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is unstable and falls below a predetermined threshold value, the power from the solar cell module groups can be used only to drive the first open-close unit 44a and/or the second open-close unit 44b. Therefore, the first open-close unit 44a and/or the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state). Further, the first shut-off device 4 is able to transfer the power generated by the normal solar cell module groups to the inverter 3 via the first bypass device 48.
When the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the second shut-off devices 5 may become unstable and smaller than a predetermined threshold, and also the third open-close unit 54a and/or the fourth open-close unit 54b may be repeatedly closed and opened, the control unit 53 turns the second semiconductor switching device 56 into an OFF state. With this configuration, the power from the solar cell module groups is used only to drive the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b, and thereby the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is unstable and smaller than a predetermined threshold. In addition, the second shut-off devices 5 is able to transfer the power generated by the other normal solar cell module groups to the inverter 3 via the second bypass device 57.
Note that, for example, in the normal shut-off mode, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is unstable but does not fall below the predetermined threshold value, the control units 43 and 53 are not required to turn the first semiconductor switching device 47 and the second semiconductor switching device 56 into the OFF state.
The emergency safety shut-off mode is a mode in which the electric paths 8a to 8h are cut off so that the power supply from the solar cell modules 6 to the inverter 3 is stopped during the start mode or the active mode. In the present embodiment, as shown in
Specifically, when the operation switch 35 is operated, the control unit 3c stops the output of the first control signal. When the signal detection unit 46 detects the stop of the first control signal of a fixed cycle, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b of the relay 44 are turned open via the signal-receiving unit 42 and the control unit 43. At this point of time, the control unit 43 turns the first semiconductor switching device 47 into an OFF state, and then turns the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b of the relay 44 in the open state. As a result, the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B and the connection between the inverter 3 and the group 6A are cut off, and the output of power from the solar cell modules 6 to the inverter 3 is stopped. At this point of time, the first shut-off device 4 closes the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b of the relay 44, and then outputs the second control signal to the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c via the communication line 10.
The second shut-off devices 5a to 5c receive the second control signal from the first shut-off device 4 and then cut off the connections between the group 6C through the group 6H. At this point of time, the control unit 53 turns the second semiconductor switching device 56 into an OFF state, and then opens the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b of the relay 54. As a result, all the groups 6A to 6H are separated from each other, so that the open circuit voltage of the string 2 is divided into 165V or less.
In the solar power generation system 1 of the above configuration, the first shut-off device 4 and the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c are in a master-slave relationship, and the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c cut off the connections between the plurality of solar cell module groups 6B to 6H in response to a second control signal output from the first shut-off device 4. Thus, in the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c, the functions of the signal-receiving unit 42 and the signal detection unit 46 can be omitted. As a result, the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c can have a simplified configuration, thereby reducing the installation cost of the plurality of second shut-off devices 5.
Since the plurality of solar cell module groups 6A to 6H each have an open circuit voltage of 165 V or less, a highly safe solar power generation system can be provided. Further, the second control signal from the first shut-off device 4 is output via the communication line 10 by a communication system different from power line communication, and thereby the signal is unlikely to be affected by noise as compared with the power line communication, and the communication from the first shut-off device 4 to the plurality of second shut-off devices 5 can be stabilized.
Further, in the solar power generation system 1 of the above configuration, after the connection between the group 6A and the group 6B is cut off by the first shut-off device 4, the connections between the plurality of solar cell module groups 6B to 6H are cut off by the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c. Thus, the voltage applied to the second shut-off device 5a can be decreased, thereby reducing the cost of the second shut-off devices 5a to 5c.
Further, in the solar power generation system 1 of the above configuration, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the first shut-off device 4 falls below a predetermined threshold, the first semiconductor switching device 47 of the first shut-off device 4 is turned into an OFF state. Thus, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small, the electric path from the groups to the inverter 3 is cut off, and the groups can supply power only to the power supply unit 41. That is, when the amount of power generated by the groups is small, the power generated by the groups is used only to drive the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b. As a result, the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the group is small. As a result, the solar power generation system 1 operates stably.
In addition, in the solar power generation system 1 of the above configuration, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups connected to the second shut-off devices 5 falls below a predetermined threshold, the second semiconductor switching device 56 is turned into an OFF state. Thus, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell module groups is small, the power generated by the groups is used only to drive the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b. As a result, the third open-close unit 54a and the fourth open-close unit 54b can be maintained in the closed state (ON state) even if the amount of power generated by the groups is small. As a result, the solar power generation system 1 operates stably.
One embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the claimed invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible as long as the modifications are within the scope of the claims.
The number of groups of the plurality of solar cell module groups is not limited to the above embodiment. The string 2 may be divided into a plurality of solar cell module groups as long as each group has an open circuit voltage of 165 V or less. For example, as shown in
Further, as shown in
In the above embodiment, the relay 44 of the first shut-off device 4 has two contacts of the first open-close unit 44a and the second open-close unit 44b, but as shown in
In the above embodiment, the first shut-off device 4 is connected to the electric path 8a connecting the group 6A and the group 6B and the electric path 8b connecting the inverter 3 and the group 6A. However, the arrangement of the first shut-off device 4 may be exchanged with that of the plurality of second shut-off devices 5. For example, the first shut-off device 4 may be connected to the electric path 8c and the electric path 8d, and the second shut-off device 5a may be connected to the electric path 8a and the electric path 8b.
In the above embodiment, the first control signal is output to the first shut-off device 4 by power line communication, but as shown in
The first control signal S1 and the second control signal S2 may be always output in modes other than the emergency safety shut-off mode or part of the normal shut-off mode (when “NO” in “POWER GENERATION” in
According to the present invention, a solar power generation system can be provided that decreases the installation cost of shut-off devices and that improves stability of the solar power generation system.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-121831 | Jul 2022 | JP | national |
