Patent Grant
9815576
Space sensors, particularly optical sensors, have thermally and optically sensitive components that must be protected from direct and often even indirect solar illumination to function. Pointing sensors (line-of-sight is steered independent of the space vehicle) require a moving sunshade over their solar exclusion angle, the minimum angle between the line-of-sight and the sensor-sun vector, to protect the sensors from solar illumination.
Several sunshade designs exist and the two most common are to either (a) connect the sunshade to the instrument being steered to wrap around the light entering the sensor regardless of where the sensor points, or (b) fix the sunshade to the space vehicle and make it wide enough and long enough to provide the necessary solar protection without blocking the light entering the sensor. These two approaches have limitations, particularly the second approach which fundamentally cannot provide an equivalent solar exclusion angle because it does not steer with the sensor. In the case of systems using a pointing “head” mirror, there is no way to move a rigid sunshade in a way that follows sensor line-of-sight without it either blocking the light reflecting off the mirror into the sensor or leaving an exposed gap between the pointing mirror and sensor at some point in its travel. Therefore, when using a pointing head mirror simply accepting the reduction in solar exclusion angle has always been the option chosen, also at the expense of a very large and heavy fixed sunshade.
Another example of a prior solar shade for space-based sensors are those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,186,628, one embodiment of which is shown in
In contrast with prior approaches, a solar rejection system uses a separate two-axis mechanism to steer a sunshade, which could simply be a flat panel, about a rotation axis aligned to the center of the sensor's field of regard to always locate itself between the sun and the sensor aperture, and also tilt it about a hinge axis perpendicular to the outer rotation axis to move the sunshade toward or away from the light path entering the sensor. Thanks to its two-axis motion the shade can “hug” the sensor line-of-sight as needed to provide excellent solar exclusion, comparable or better than what's achievable with the steered tubular sunshade approach. Furthermore, it does not collect light on its “inside” surfaces (usually painted black to suppress stray light) and therefore does not heat up the way most sunshades do. Because the shade is hinged it can be closed completely and also function as an aperture dust cover during launch or other contaminating events such as firing thrusters. The door can have calibration features incorporated such that when closed it can be rotated about its azimuth axis to steer a diffuser towards the sun for example.
According to aspect(s) of the invention, a solar rejection system includes: an enclosure with an opening or aperture; and a movable sunshade movable to block solar radiation from entering the opening. The system may include one or more of the following features (individually or in any combination): the sunshade is a flat panel; the sunshade is movable in at least two dimensions; the sunshade is rotatable about at least two axes; the sunshade is rotatable about an axis aligned with a center of regard of a sensor that is in the enclosure; the sunshade is also rotatable about an axis that is perpendicular to the axis aligned with the center of regard of the sensor; the sunshade is hingedly coupled to change elevation angle of the sunshade relative to the enclosure; the sunshade is coupled to a bearing, to enable rotation of the sunshade; the bearing extends around the opening; the sunshade rotates azimuthally along with part of the bearing; the sunshade is hingedly coupled to the bearing; the sunshade has a larger area than an area of the opening; the sunshade may be tilted to fully close the opening, for example to protect a sensor within the enclosure, or to prevent dust or other contaminants from entering the opening; a sensor is located within the enclosure; the sensor includes a two-axis pointing mirror; the two-axis pointing mirror is within the enclosure; the sunshade is fully able to block direct and other undesired illumination of the aperture, regardless of the relative positions of the enclosure and the sun; the sunshade has a length (extent away from a hinge to which the sunshade is coupled) that is greater than a distance between the hinge and the enclosure; the sunshade has a length (an extent away from a hinge to which the sunshade is coupled) that is greater than a greatest extent of the aperture; the sunshade is rectangular; and/or the sunshade has a length (an extent away from a hinge to which the sunshade is coupled) that is greater than a width (an extent in the direction of the hinge axis of rotation).
According to other aspect(s) of the invention, a method of blocking solar illumination of a sensor in an enclosure includes positioning the sunshade of the system of any paragraph in this summary (any permutation) to prevent solar illumination of the sensor, adjusting azimuth and/or elevation as necessary.
According to still other aspect(s) of the invention, a method of protecting a sensor in an enclosure includes positioning the sunshade of the system of any paragraph in this summary (any permutation) to close the aperture or opening of the enclosure.
According to an aspect of the invention, a solar rejection system includes: an enclosure with an aperture; and a movable sunshade movable to selectively block solar radiation from entering the aperture. The sunshade is rotatable relative to the enclosure about at least two axes. The at least two axes include an elevation axis for changing an elevation angle of the sunshade relative to the enclosure. The sunshade has a greatest extent that is larger than a distance between the elevation axis and the enclosure.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the at least two axes include an azimuth axis aligned with a center of regard of a sensor that is in the enclosure.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the azimuth axis is aligned with a center of the aperture.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is a flat panel.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is coupled to a bearing, to enable rotation of the sunshade along with the bearing.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is hingedly coupled to the bearing.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade has a length, an extent away from wherein the sunshade is hingedly coupled to the bearing, that is greater than a greatest extent of the aperture.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade has a length, an extent away from wherein the sunshade is hingedly coupled to the bearing, that is greater than a width of the sunshade that is perpendicular to the length.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade has a larger area than an area of the aperture.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is movable to fully close the aperture.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is tiltable to fully close the aperture.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the solar rejection system is part of a spacecraft that also includes a sensor that is in the enclosure.
According to another aspect of the invention, a solar rejection system includes: an enclosure with an aperture; and a movable sunshade movable to selectively block solar radiation from entering the aperture. The sunshade is rotatable relative to the enclosure about at least two axes. The sunshade is movable to fully close the aperture.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the at least two axes include an azimuth axis aligned with a center of regard of a sensor that is in the enclosure, and an elevation axis.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is a flat panel.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is coupled to a bearing, to enable rotation of the sunshade along with the bearing.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade is hingedly coupled to the bearing.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the sunshade has a length, an extent away from wherein the sunshade is hingedly coupled to the bearing, that is greater than a greatest extent of the aperture.
According to an embodiment of the system of any previous paragraph(s), the solar rejection system is part of a spacecraft that also includes a sensor that is in the enclosure.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a method of protecting a sensor of a spacecraft from damage includes the steps of: moving the sunshade from a stowed position in which the sunshade closes off an aperture in an enclosure of the spacecraft through which the sensor receives light; pointing the sensor at a target; and while the sensor is pointed at the target, positioning a sunshade relative to the enclosure, by rotating the sunshade as a single unit about an azimuth axis and an elevation axis, to prevent sunlight from reaching the sensor through the aperture of the enclosure.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention. These embodiments are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The annexed drawings and/or other materials, which are not necessarily to scale, show various aspects of the invention, and/or various aspects of prior systems.
A solar rejection system includes an enclosure for housing a sensor, and a movable sunshade. The housing has an opening or aperture for admitting light to the sensor, and the sunshade is moved as needed to prevent harmful solar illumination of the sensor. The sunshade may be a flat panel. The sunshade panel is mounted to a hinge that is located on one side of a large diameter bearing that allows the shade to be rotated around the aperture of the sensor to always prevent the sun from illuminating the aperture. The hinge allows the shade to be tilted to either allow the sensor to see further off axis without obscuration or to block the sun when it moves in front of the sensor. Full closure of the sunshade on its hinge allows it to also function as an aperture door, blocking the opening or aperture.
Referring to
The sensor 16 may have a two-axis pointing mirror 26 to steer the sensor line of sight relative to a space vehicle of which the system 10 is a part. The sensor 16 is able to receive light through the aperture 18 of the enclosure 12 over a range of possible sensor orientation angle, by changing the direction that the mirror 26 points. (The pointing mirror 26 is depicted in the figures as a straight line that is able to tilt to change position, with the mirror 26 directing incoming light over a range of angles to other optics 30 of the sensor 16, such as lenses and/or curved focusing mirrors, which reflect and focus the incoming light.)
The sunshade 20 is a flat panel that is able to rotate in two directions. Azimuth adjustment is provided by a large bearing 34 to which the sunshade 20 is hingedly coupled. In the illustrated embodiment the azimuth bearing 34 extends around the aperture 18 in the enclosure 12. An azimuth axis 36 about which the bearing 34 rotates may be aligned with the sensor's field of regard. A motor or other suitable device may be used to rotate the sunshade and part of the bearing, relative to the enclosure. For example, a motor 38 may turn a drive gear 40 that engages a toothed outer surface of the bearing 34, such that turning the drive gear 40 rotates the bearing 34 about the axis 36.
Elevation adjustment is provided by rotation about a hinge 44 coupling the sunshade 20 to the bearing 34 (or equivalently to a casing or housing that encloses and moves with the bearing 34). The elevation angle may be changed using a motor or other suitable device for effecting positioning of the sunshade 20 about the hinge 44, rotating the sunshade about an elevation axis 46 that passes through the hinge 44.
The sunshade 20 may be positioned so that the azimuth angle is adjusted to always maintain the sunshade 20 between the sensor 16 and the sun. The elevation or tilt may then be adjusted to move the sunshade 20 toward or away from the solar light path, as needed, to prevent solar light from entering the aperture 18 and the sensor 16. One advantage of this sort of adjustment is that the sunshade 20 may be tilted fully out of the way of the sensor's field of view unless there is a need to block incoming solar light. This allows the sensor 16 a maximum possible field of view. The sunshade 20 may also selectively be tilted as much as necessary to fully block direct sunlight from ever reaching the aperture 18, and thus from ever reaching the sensor 16 that is housed in the enclosure 12.
The sunshade 20 may be advantageously hingedly coupled close to the enclosure 12. For example, the sunshade 20 may have a length 48 (an extent away from the hinge 44) that is greater than a distance between the hinge 44 and the enclosure 12, with the sunshade length 48 for example being at least twice that of the distance between the hinge 44 and the enclosure 12, at least five times that of the distance between the hinge 44 and the enclosure 12, or at least ten times that of the distance between the hinge 44 and the enclosure 12.
The aperture 16 may be circular or have another suitable shape. The sunshade length 48 preferably is greater than the greatest extent of the aperture 18 in any direction. The sunshade length 48 may be at least 50% greater than the greatest extent of the aperture 18, or may be at least twice the greatest extent of the aperture 18.
The sunshade 20 preferably has an area that is greater than an area of the aperture 18. The sunshade area may be at least 50% greater than the area of the aperture 18, or may be at least twice the area of the aperture 18. It may be that substantially all of the blockage of the solar light by movable parts of the system 10 is provided by the hinged sunshade 20.
The sunshade 20 has been described and shown as a flat panel. A flat sunshade has the advantage of not directing reflected light inward toward the aperture. Since a flat sunshade does not direct light inward, there may be no need to paint inside surface of the sunshade black. This may help prevent heating up of the sunshade. However, as an alternative the sunshade may have a curved shape.
Also the sunshade 20, regardless of its shape, may have an inner surface, the surface facing toward the aperture 18 when the sunshade 20 is moved to wholly or partially cover the aperture 18, that is painted black or is otherwise treated to absorb light and/or reduce reflection of light. This control of light reflection properties may be for nonvisible as well as visible wavelengths of light.
The sunshade 20 may be rectangular. The sunshade length 48 may be greater than a sunshade width 50 (an extent in the direction of the hinge axis of rotation). Alternatively, the sunshade 20 may have other shapes and/or other relationships between its dimensions.
The parts of the system may be made of suitable materials, such as suitable metals, plastics, or composite materials.
The hinged connection allows the sunshade 20 to be fully closed, to fully overlap and block off the aperture 18. This allows the sunshade 20 to function as a protecting cover when the sensor 16 is not in use. It may also be used to protect the sensor 16 from dust or other contaminants, which might otherwise enter the enclosure through the aperture 18. For example, the sunshade 20 may be used to fully block off the aperture 18 during launch or firing of thrusters.
The sunshade 70 is coupled to the enclosure at a hinge 74, which may be in or near an aperture 68 in the enclosure 62 that is surrounded by a bearing 76. The sunshade 70 is able to be positioned by rotating it in two directions, adjusting its azimuth and elevation.
In addition, the sensor 66 may have a fixed field of view, as opposed to the sensor 16 (
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a certain preferred embodiment or embodiments, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described elements (components, assemblies, devices, compositions, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such elements are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any element which performs the specified function of the described element (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiment or embodiments of the invention. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been described above with respect to only one or more of several illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments, as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.
This application claims the benefit under 35 USC 119 of U.S. Provisional Application 62/025,265, filed Jul. 16, 2014, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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