This disclosure relates to energy supply, especially to construction solutions in systems for solar energy production.
In modern society energy is consumed by people and industries, e.g. for producing various products, for transport and production of food. Energy could be produced in several forms and from different energy sources. For instance, electricity is often produced from hydroelectric power plants, combustion of coal, oil, or gas. Traditionally, heat has been produced from local combustion or district heating power plants.
With an increasing population and demands for services, energy consumption strongly increases which negatively affects our environment significantly in a negative way. Combustion produces large amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Hydroelectric power plants require large territories to be drowned, etc.
In order to reduce our footprint and negative impression on our environment, demands have been raised for more clean and environmental friendly energy production. Today, renewable energy is produced from wind, sun, ocean waves, etc. The sun provides large amounts of energy to our planet in form of radiated sun beams. Solar radiation can be used by solar cells to generate electricity, e.g. in form of solar panels, or by solar collectors to generate thermal heat.
A concentrating solar collector uses mirrors, lenses, or combinations thereof, to focus the solar radiation in form of a point or a line. In trough-formed concentrating solar collectors a reflector is formed as a curved elongated mirror, which reflects the solar radiation on a receiver arranged along a focus-line of the reflector. The receiver is commonly a black tube filled with a transport fluid, such as water, glycol, or oil. The tube is heated by the concentrated solar radiation and the heat is transferred to the transport fluid that is circulated in a system where the hot transport fluid could be used. The heated transport fluid may be used both as process heat in industrial processes as in district heating.
The term “PTC” (Parabolic Trough solar Collector) will be used in this disclosure to denote a concentrating solar collector with a trough-formed reflector arranged to concentrate solar light onto a fluid tube. A PTC comprises an elongated reflector, which reflective surface in a cross-section describes a parabolic curve. The reflector focuses direct sunlight on a focus. In mathematical terms, such parabola has the properties “curve”, “focus”, “Latus rectum”, and “optical axis of symmetry”. The parabolic through's “optical plane of symmetry” is defined by extending the parabolas axis of symmetry along the longitudinal direction of the trough. With reference to
The thermal solar energy system 100 comprises a plurality of PTCs 102 where each respective of the PTCs 102 comprises a parabolic reflector 122 and a fluid tube 124. The thermal solar energy system 100 further comprises a solar tracking arrangement. In
The solar tracking arrangement enables one motor 108 to control a plurality of PTCs 102, by simultaneously pivoting the respective PTCs 102 toward the direct sunlight. Thereby, as well costs for installation and maintenance of drive means, i.e. motors, etc., could be reduced.
An example of a solar collector system is disclosed in the patent publication EP 2 466 225, A1.
It is a challenge to improve efficiency in solar energy production further.
It would be desirable to increase the heat output in thermal solar energy systems. It is an object of this disclosure to address at least one of the issues outlined above.
Further there is an object to provide a mechanism that appropriately controls angular positioning of parabolic trough solar collectors. These objects may be met by an arrangement according to the attached independent claims.
According to a first aspect, a solar tracking arrangement is provided for enabling a plurality of parallel arranged PTCs (Parabolic Trough solar Collectors), to be directed towards the travelling sun. The solar tracking arrangement is connectable to the PTCs and comprises: a drive means, a transmission means, and a plurality of conversion means. The transmission means are connected with the drive means and to each of the plurality of conversion means. The transmission means is configured to convey an operating movement caused by the drive means to the plurality of conversion means, and each of the conversion means is configured to convert the conveyed operating movement into a pivoting movement of a respective one of the plurality of PTCs about a focus line, such that each of the pivoting movements directs the optical plane of symmetry of the respective PTC towards the travelling sun. One or more of the conversion means is adjustably connected with the transmission means in a direction along the transmission means to enable individual angular position adjustment of the respective one of the plurality of PTC's.
Furthermore, the transmission means may comprise a tracking beam for connecting the conversion means to the drive means. Each of the conversion means may comprise a respective flexible member, e.g. a wire or a belt, and be configured to be looped around a corresponding conversion means, e.g. a drum or a shaft, of the respective PTC to convert the operating movement caused by the drive means to the pivoting movement of the respective PTC. Looping the conversion means around the corresponding conversion means may facilitate that the PTCs will be reliably positioned in the support structure, which make the thermal solar energy system more robust.
The lengths of the conversion means may enable the PTCs to pivot more than 180° about its focus line, and preferably more than 270°. Thereby, the PTCs could be pivoted further such that condensation within the troughs and cooling of the reflectors due to heat radiation from the PTCs may be limited at night. In addition, The PTCs may be protected from hard weather and pollution.
Moreover, tensioning means may be arranged for affecting the transmission means with a counterforce, e.g. as transmission tensioning means or as respective trough tensioning means at the different PTCs.
According to a second aspect, a thermal solar energy system is provided, that comprises a support structure, a plurality of PTCs, and a solar tracking arrangement according to any above defined aspects. The plurality of PTCs are arranged in parallel with each other at the support structure, and the solar tracking arrangement is connected to the plurality of PTCs.
By arranging individually adjustable conversion means, the different PTCs may have their respective angular directions adjusted. Thereby, improved precision when directing the PTCs may be achieved, e.g. due to various tolerances and irregularities being compensated for. In addition, the design where the conversion means are looped around corresponding conversion means of the PTCs may enable the solar tracking arrangement to be compact and less complexly arranged. For instance, the solar tracking system may be arranged within a support structure, and thereby be protected against hard weather, pollution, etc., which may reduce maintenance and service needs. Even if the solar tracking arrangement by mistake was referred to as a solar tracking “system”, when reading this description, it is obvious from its context that “solar tracking arrangement” that was mentioned instead. The solar tracking arrangement is intended to be arranged in a thermal solar energy system.
The solution will now be described in more detail by means of exemplifying embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Solar tracking arrangements for Parabolic Trough solar Collector, i.e. PTCs, and thermal solar energy systems with PTCs will be described in this disclosure.
In the proposed solar tracking arrangement, a one-dimensional operation movement is transmitted via a transmission means and converted into pivoting movements of the PTCs when conversion means of the solar tracking arrangement cooperate with corresponding conversion means of the PTCs. The conversion means of the solar tracking arrangement are adjustably connected to the transmission means to facilitate individual adjustment of angular positions of the PTCs.
In mechanical engineering, play, sometimes called lash or backlash, is a clearance or lost motion in a mechanism caused by gaps between mechanical parts. In a solar tracking mechanism, such play may introduce tracking errors as the signals to operate the movement of the drive means is not corresponding exactly to the position of the PTC.
Play in a PTC solar tracking system, i.e. a PTC solar tracking arrangement, can be defined as the maximum distance or angle through which any part may be moved in one direction without applying appreciable force or motion to the next part in mechanical sequence.
The innovative concept is to increase precision of tracking system by using tensioning means to create a situation where the force of the tracking system's drive means is never reversed, no matter the direction of pivotation or the position of the PTC during daily operation, and the torque from the PTC is not reversed during operation thus reduce the effect of play.
In the following exemplifying embodiments, the displaced centres of gravity are accomplished by arranging trough tensioning means at the PTCs. The trough tensioning means are implemented as any of: specific weights applied on the PTCs, asymmetrically designed reflectors of the PTCs across their optical planes of symmetry, or combinations thereof.
In some of the accompanying figures, a vertical line v and a horizontal line h of the environment are illustrated. In comparison with the reflectors' surfaces, which optical axes of symmetry y and corresponding optical planes of symmetry y, varies with the pivoting PTCs during a day, the vertical line v and the horizontal line h do not change directions.
With reference to the
The solar tracking arrangement 300 is connectable to the PTCs 302 to control their pivoting movements for directing the PTCs' 302 apertures towards the direct sunlight from the sun.
The solar tracking arrangement 300 of this embodiment comprises a linear actuator 308 as drive means, a tracking beam 306 as transmission means, and a plurality of wires 304 as conversion means. The linear actuator 308 is connected to the tracking beam 306 and the tracking beam 306 is in turn connected to the plurality of wires 304. Each wire 304 is connectable to a corresponding conversion means 320 of a respective PTC 302, such that an operating movement caused by the linear actuator 308 will result in simultaneous pivoting movements of the respective PTCs 302 about their pivot axes (illustrated as a black dots).
When the linear actuator 308 pushes the tracking beam 306 with a one-dimensional operation movement to the right in
As illustrated in the figure, the compact design of the solar tracking arrangement 300, enables the tracking arrangement 300 to be arranged within a support structure (dashed line), where it can be protected from environmental factors, e.g. hard weather, such as storm, sand, dust, rain, and snow, etc. Thereby, service needs may be reduced and the life cycle of the solar tracking arrangement 300 may be prolonged.
One advantage of this and other described embodiments of this disclosure is that when applying a tracking beam 306, i.e. a stiff transmission means, the linear actuator 308 may be connected to act directly on the tracking beam 306. By enabling the linear actuator 308 to directly push of pull the tracking beam 306 without intermediate wires, lines, etc. the operating movement can be transmitted to the tracking beam 306 with higher precision, e.g. because various plays may be reduced or avoided. As a consequence, the PTCs 302 may be operated more accurate and with improved precision.
Traditionally, transmission means has instead been arranged as various combinations of wires, drive rods, and return rods, that are both more complex and introduces various plays in the conveyed operating movements.
The installed PTCs 302 are most effective when they are carefully directed towards the sun. Even if the solar tracking arrangement 300 is designed to direct the PTCs 302 appropriately, external factors such as temperature variations, rain, snow, ice, or air humidity, as well as imperfections in the components' material may affect the respective PTCs 302 such that all PTCs 302 are not optimally directed. It has been observed that even small angular deviations such as 0.1 degree, may result in a noticeable decrease in produced heat.
The wires 304 are therefore adjustably connected to the tracking beam 306, along its length. Thereby, the angular positions of the respective PTCs 302 may be appropriately adjusted when necessary. In this embodiment, fixation points of the tracking beam 306 for fixating the wires 304 are designed movable along the tracking beam 306 to enable individual positional adjustment of the wires 304, without being limited thereto. Alternatively, the fixation points may instead be fixed at the tracking beam 306, but the wires 304 may be enabled to move at the fixation points before being fixed thereto. Regarding both alternatives, the wires 304 may be individually movable, either together with, or within the respective fixation points.
However, the above described components are non-limiting examples of implementations, and the solar tracking arrangement 300 may instead comprise alternative implementations of drive means, transmission means, and conversion means 304 when appropriate, without deviating from the inventive scope. For instance, the drive means may be implemented as a rotating motor, and a rotating operation movement of the motor may be conveyed into a longitudinal movement of the transmission means by a gearwheel and a toothed rack, etc.
In an alternative embodiment, which is based on some above described embodiments, a transmission tensioning means 310 is further arranged to affect the tracking beam 306 with a tensioning force. The tensioning force will be directed opposite to the force by which the linear actuator 308 affects the tracking beam 306, i.e. the operating force. By arranging a transmission tensioning means 310, instead of alternatingly pulling and pushing the tracking beam 306, the linear actuator 308 may operate the tracking beam 306 by constantly pulling it, but instead regulating the operating force's strength. In other words, the operating force of the drive means does not have to change polarity. Therefore, various plays, e.g. originating from the linear actuator 308, the tracking beam 306, the wires 304, or the fixation points, may be compensated for because the operating force will be one-way directed. The transmission tensioning means 310 may be implemented as any suitable spring means or counterweight arrangement when appropriate.
Alternatively, by arranging the transmission tensioning means 310 as a compression spring, the linear actuator 308 may instead be implemented to push the tracking beam 306, without deviating from the inventive scope.
This exemplifying embodiment is related to some embodiments described in conjunction with
The solar tracking arrangement 300 of this embodiment comprises a linear actuator 308 and a transmission tensioning means 310 corresponding to the linear actuator and the transmission tensioning means shown in
As illustrated in
In a related embodiment, instead of arranging one linear actuator 308 and one transmission tensioning means 310, the transmission tensioning means 310 may be exchanged with a second linear actuator (not shown). Thereby, the PTCs 302 may be pivoted clockwise by increasing a pulling force of the first linear actuator 308 while decreasing a pulling force or the second linear actuator. I.e. the wires 314 are moved to the left in the
The solar tracking arrangement 300 of this embodiment differs from the one illustrated in
This embodiment is related to some above described embodiments, and the same reference numbers have been applied when appropriate.
In
This embodiment is related to some above described embodiments, and the same reference numbers have been applied when appropriate.
In
In
However, as described above, by providing the solar tracking arrangements 300 with appropriately long conversion means 304, 314, 324, the PTCs 302 will be enabled to pivot more than 180°.
In
In
In some above described embodiments, a transmission tensioning means 310 has been arranged in order to compensate for various plays in transmission and conversion, e.g. caused by variations in temperature or imperfections in materials or components. However, another implementation of means for compensation for various plays will now be described below.
With reference to
The PTC 302 comprises a reflector 332, a support 330, and a cover glass 334. The reflector 332 reflects direct sunlight and focuses on a focus-line F. The reflector 332 is elongated and its cross-section follows a curve.
In this embodiment, the curve of the reflector surface's cross-section is y=x2, without being limited thereto. In the figure, the PTC 302 is directed such that the optical axis of symmetry for the curve is parallel with the vertical line v.
A trough tensioning means 336 in form of a weight is applied at a long edge of the PTC 302, and because the gravity force G acts at the trough tensioning means 336, the PTC's 302 centre of gravity when the weight is applied will be displaced from the optical axis of symmetry, with an offset d.
The weight is to be interpreted as a generic example of the trough tensioning means 336. As an alternative implementation, the weight may be designed as two elongated edges of the PTC 302, where the effect of the weight is achieved by a weight difference between the two edges. Typically, in
This embodiment differs from the above described one in that the trough tensioning means is achieved by designing the PTC 302 with a larger portion located at a first side of the PTC's 302 optical axis of symmetry, and a smaller portion on a second side of the PTC's 302 optical axis of symmetry.
The larger portion of the PTC 302 is heavier than the smaller portion of the PTC 302, e.g. because it will comprise more material of the cover glass 334, the reflector 332, and the support (s). Therefore, by designing the PTC 302 as illustrated in
The structure of the described non-symmetric cut Parabolic Trough solar Collector is further disclosed in the related co-pending patent application PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR COLLECTOR, with the same filing date as this patent application.
Regarding the above described trough tensioning means 336 of
With reference to
The thermal solar system 400 comprises a plurality of PTCs 302, a support structure 402 and a solar tracking arrangement 300. However, only one PTC 302 is shown in
As seen in the figure, the wire of the solar tracking arrangement 300 is guided through an elongated hole of the support structure 402 and looped around a corresponding conversion means of the of the PTC 302. In
A detail of the elongated hole is further illustrated below the main figure. Here a pair of rollers with guiding recesses for the wire is shown.
The thermal solar system 400 described above, typically comprise further components and means to provide ordinary functionality at operation, e.g. various tube connectors, heat fluids, pumps, control means, heat exchangers, etc.
However, in order to facilitate the understanding of the proposed solar tracking arrangement 300, any such components and means, which do not directly contribute to the functionality of pivoting the PTCs 302 when tracking the sun, has been omitted in this disclosure. For instance, typically, the drive means will be controlled by a computer and receive appropriate control signals, e.g. in accordance with performed measurements or estimates.
Reference throughout the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” is used to mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment.
Thus, the appearance of the expressions “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or several embodiments. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific form set forth herein. Rather, the invention is limited only by the accompanying claims and other embodiments than the specific above are equally possible within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the terms “comprise/comprises” or “include/includes”, as used herein, do not exclude the presence of other elements or steps.
Furthermore, although individual features may be included in different claims, these may possibly advantageously be combined, and the inclusion of different claims does not imply that a combination of features is not feasible and/or advantageous. In addition, singular references do not exclude a plurality. Finally, reference signs in the claims are provided merely as a clarifying example and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims in any way.
The scope is generally defined by the following independent claims. Exemplifying embodiments are defined by the dependent claims.
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1751126-2 | Sep 2017 | SE | national |
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PCT/SE2018/050882 | 9/3/2018 | WO | 00 |
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WO2019/054912 | 3/21/2019 | WO | A |
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