Patent Grant
12142253
The present subject matter relates generally to acoustic liners including an acoustic screen and a facesheet and methods for bonding the acoustic screen and the facesheet.
Acoustic liners may be used to dampen or attenuate sound waves. For example, acoustic liners are used to dampen or attenuate noise from turbomachines such as turbofan engines as well as noise from other devices such as wind turbine blades.
Exemplary acoustic liners include an acoustic core positioned between a perforated or otherwise porous acoustic screen and a substantially imperforate back sheet. The acoustic core may include a plurality of resonant cells. The perforated or otherwise porous acoustic screen allows sound waves to enter the acoustic core and emanate in such a way as to dampen or attenuate sound waves.
The acoustic screen is attached to a facesheet. Conventional methods of attaching these components include liquid film and spray adhesives. However, these adhesives can liquify and wick into the acoustic screen when heated for cure thereby becoming a debris that blocks apertures formed in the acoustic screen and the facesheet, impacting airflow through the apertures. Further, liquid spray adhesives provide lower levels of adhesion between the acoustic screen and the facesheet.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present disclosure, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure in any manner.
Reference will now be made in detail to present embodiments of the disclosure, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the disclosure.
The following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the described embodiments contemplated for carrying out the disclosure. Various modifications, equivalents, variations, and alternatives, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any and all such modifications, variations, equivalents, and alternatives are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “lateral”, “longitudinal”, and derivatives thereof shall relate to the disclosure as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However, it is to be understood that the disclosure may assume various alternative variations, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary embodiments of the disclosure. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting.
As used herein, the terms “first”, “second”, and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components.
The terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the relative direction with respect to fluid flow in a fluid pathway. For example, “upstream” refers to the direction from which the fluid flows, and “downstream” refers to the direction to which the fluid flows.
The terms “coupled,” “fixed,” “attached to,” and the like refer to both direct coupling, fixing, or attaching, as well as indirect coupling, fixing, or attaching through one or more intermediate components or features, unless otherwise specified herein.
The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, is applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about”, “approximately”, and “substantially”, are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value, or the precision of the methods or machines for constructing or manufacturing the components and/or systems. For example, the approximating language may refer to being within a 10 percent margin.
Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations are combined and interchanged, such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise. For example, all ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other.
Advanced acoustic liners in general require low resistance facesheets, having a high percentage of open area, wherein an acoustic screen is bonded to the facesheet.
As described above, conventional methods of attaching these components include liquid film and spray adhesives. However, these adhesives can liquify and wick into the acoustic screen when heated for cure thereby becoming a debris that blocks a plurality of apertures formed in the acoustic screen and facesheet, impacting airflow through the apertures. Further, liquid spray adhesives provide lower levels of adhesion between the acoustic screen and the facesheet. These challenges of conventional methods with aperture blockage caused by adhesive liquid flow are solved with the systems and methods of the present disclosure using a solid adhesive film. Furthermore, systems and methods of the present disclosure ensure alignment of the solid adhesive film and the facesheet, e.g., alignment of perforations of the components, during the bonding process. The solid adhesive film of the present disclosure allows for bonding of an acoustic screen to a perforated facesheet in an acoustic liner.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in further detail. As shown in
Still referring to
In operation, the turbomachine 102 generates an excessive amount of noise. To illustrate an exemplary source of turbomachine noise, it will be appreciated that the fan rotor 108 rotates within the fan casing portion 122, producing discrete tonal noise predominately at a blade passage frequency (BPF) and multiples thereof, as well as broadband noise over a wide frequency range. During take-off of the aircraft 140, the fan blades 110 can reach transonic and supersonic rotational velocities, generating noise that propagates out of the duct defined by the duct wall 114 into the surrounding environment. In exemplary embodiments, the one or more acoustic liners 100 are configured and arranged to suppress noise resonating at the BPF and harmonics of the BPF as well as the dominant broadband noise contributions from the fan. The one or more acoustic liners 100 or various portions thereof may be configured to dampen or attenuate sound waves and thereby reduce the sound at specific frequencies or across a range of frequencies. Some aspects of the one or more acoustic liners 100 may be configured to reflect or propagate incident sound waves multiple times before the sound waves escape the one or more acoustic liners 100. These multiple reflections may reduce the amplitude of the sound waves. Additionally, some aspects of the one or more acoustic liners 100 may be configured to cause sound waves to become out-of-phase because of such reflections or propagations. When sound waves become out-of-phase, various portions of the sound waves tend to cancel one another, thereby reducing at least some of the energy in the sound waves.
In exemplary embodiments, the acoustic core 200, the acoustic screen 202, and/or the back sheet 204 may be formed using an additive manufacturing technology, which may allow for acoustic liners 100 with novel configuration, geometries, and/or features that provide certain improvements and/or avoid certain shortcomings as compared with previous acoustic liners. Such additive manufacturing technology may be utilized, alone or together with other manufacturing technologies, to provide acoustic liners 100 in accordance with the present disclosure.
For example, an acoustic liner 100 may be formed in whole or in part using an additive manufacturing technology. Sequential layers of the acoustic core 200, the acoustic screen 202, and/or the back sheet 204 may be additively manufactured using a suitable additive manufacturing technology.
The acoustic core 200, the acoustic screen 202, the back sheet 204 may be formed as part of an additive manufacturing technology or any other suitable process, separately or concurrently with one another. The acoustic screen 202 and/or the back sheet 204 may additionally or alternatively be formed as part of an any other manufacturing technology separately or concurrently with the acoustic core 200. Additionally, or in the alternative, the acoustic screen 202 and/or the back sheet 204 may be combined with the acoustic core 200, for example, using a bonding process such as a thermal, sonic, or electric welding process.
Furthermore, systems and methods of the present disclosure for more effectively bonding the acoustic screen 202 to a facesheet of an acoustic liner 100 will now be described with references to
Referring now to
As discussed above, advanced acoustic liners in general require low resistance facesheets, having a high percentage of open area, wherein an acoustic screen is bonded to the facesheet.
As described above, conventional methods of attaching these components include liquid film and spray adhesives. However, these adhesives can liquify and wick into the acoustic screen when heated for cure thereby becoming a debris that blocks the plurality of apertures formed in the acoustic screen and facesheet, impacting airflow through the apertures. Further, liquid spray adhesives provide lower levels of adhesion between the acoustic screen and the facesheet. These challenges of conventional methods with aperture blockage caused by adhesive liquid flow are solved with the systems and methods of the present disclosure using a solid adhesive film. Furthermore, systems and methods of the present disclosure ensure alignment of the solid adhesive film and the facesheet, e.g., alignment of perforations of the components, during the bonding process. The solid adhesive film of the present disclosure allows for bonding of an acoustic screen to a perforated facesheet in an acoustic liner.
Referring to
It is contemplated that the solid adhesive film 300 utilized with the present disclosure does not allow a liquid flow therethrough and exhibits no liquid flow. As used herein, the term “solid adhesive film” may refer to an adhesive that does not include any liquid adhesives and does not allow any liquid to flow through the solid adhesive film and/or other components. In this manner, a solid adhesive film of the present disclosure does not allow wicking into other components, e.g., acoustic screen 306 and/or facesheet 308, during the bonding process and will not cause inadvertent blockage of any perforations of the acoustic screen 306 and/or the facesheet 308. In other words, a solid adhesive film of the present disclosure prevents blockage of perforations of the components during the bonding process leading to a more robust, consistent facesheet 308 resistance in the acoustic liner 100.
It is contemplated that the solid adhesive film 300 of the present disclosure has temperature capabilities up to 300 degrees Fahrenheit. In other exemplary embodiments, it is contemplated that the solid adhesive film 300 of the present disclosure has other temperature capabilities, e.g., up to 350 degrees Fahrenheit and/or up to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Furthermore, the solid adhesive film 300 of the present disclosure has an improved peel strength and an improved toughness, e.g., the ability of the solid adhesive film 300 to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. In this manner, the solid adhesive film 300 adds impact resistance to the other components, e.g., the facesheet 308, to reduce impact damage of the components.
It is contemplated that the solid adhesive film 300 of the present disclosure includes a double-sided adhesive, e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive on both sides. Furthermore, the solid adhesive film 300 is a compliant and/or elastomeric adhesive, such as an elastomeric tape. For example, in exemplary embodiments, it is contemplated that the solid adhesive film 300 includes a foam or rubber with pressure sensitive adhesive on both sides. It is also contemplated that the solid adhesive film 300 does not allow a liquid flow therethrough, as described above.
The solid adhesive film 300 and/or the facesheet 308 may be provided in a variety of different embodiments prior to bonding. For example, they may already contain a plurality of perforations (to align with perforations on the acoustic screen 306), may initially be substantially free of any perforations, or a combination thereof. Depending on the state of the initial solid adhesive film 300 and/or the facesheet 308, various potential steps may be included such as, for example, perforating one or more of the solid adhesive film 300 and the facesheet 308, or aligning the solid adhesive film 300 and the facesheet 308 using existing perforations. While various examples of various optional steps are presented herein with respect to various potential embodiments (e.g., with or without pre-existing perforations), it should be appreciated that these are non-limiting examples and alternative embodiments may further be realized within the scope of this disclosure.
The bonding of the acoustic screen 306 to the facesheet 308 using the systems and methods of the present disclosure including a solid adhesive film 300 also allows for more consistent fabrication of an acoustic liner 100 to eliminate hole blockage and retain acoustic benefits. The systems and methods of the present disclosure also reduce cycle time for manufacturing.
Referring to
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In exemplary embodiments including a solid adhesive film 300 having the backing material 320 on the first adhesive side 302 and/or the second adhesive side 304 (
Referring to
Referring to
As described above with reference to solid adhesive film 300, it is contemplated that the solid adhesive film 400 utilized with the present disclosure does not allow a liquid flow therethrough and exhibits no liquid flow. As used herein, the term “solid adhesive film” may refer to an adhesive that does not include any liquid adhesives and does not allow any liquid to flow through the solid adhesive film and/or other components. In this manner, a solid adhesive film of the present disclosure does not allow wicking into other components, e.g., acoustic screen 406 and/or facesheet 408, during the bonding process and will not cause inadvertent blockage of any perforations of the acoustic screen 406 and/or the facesheet 408. In other words, a solid adhesive film of the present disclosure prevents blockage of perforations of the components during the bonding process leading to a more robust, consistent facesheet resistance in an acoustic liner 100.
Referring to
In exemplary embodiments, a machining tool 410 having one or more cutting elements 412 is used in a single machining step to machine perforations through the solid adhesive film 400 and the facesheet 408. In an exemplary embodiment, the machining tool 410 comprises a laser cutting machine. It is contemplated that the machining tool 410 may include die punching, lathe machines, sandblasting, drilling machines, blasting, or any other cutting machining process. The controlled machining of perforations through the facesheet 408 and the solid adhesive film 400 of the present disclosure toughens the facesheet 408 and improves the mechanics of the facesheet 408.
It is contemplated that in some exemplary embodiments, the machining tool 410 or other process may perforate the solid adhesive film 400 and the facesheet 408 simultaneously. However, it is also contemplated that in other exemplary embodiments, the machining tool 410 or other process may perforate the solid adhesive film 400 and the facesheet 408 separately.
Next, referring to
Referring still to
In an exemplary embodiment, the alignment tool 416 includes one or more protrusions 418 that can be positioned within the one or more cooperative perforations 490 of the solid adhesive film 400 to properly align the solid adhesive film 400 within the alignment tool 416.
Referring to
In an exemplary embodiment, the alignment tool 416 includes protrusions 418 that can be positioned within perforations 490 of the facesheet 408 to properly align the facesheet 408 within the alignment tool 416.
Referring to
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For the exemplary aspect of
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The method 1200 includes at (1202) bonding the facesheet to the first adhesive side of the solid adhesive film as described in detail above.
The method 1200 further includes at (1204) bonding the acoustic liner to the second adhesive side of the solid adhesive film as described in detail above.
Further aspects of the disclosure are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses:
An acoustic liner, comprising: a solid adhesive film having a first adhesive side opposite a second adhesive side; an acoustic screen bonded to the first adhesive side of the solid adhesive film; and a facesheet bonded to the second adhesive side of the solid adhesive film.
The acoustic liner of any preceding clause, wherein the solid adhesive film comprises an elastomeric tape.
The acoustic liner of any preceding clause, wherein the first adhesive side and the second adhesive side of the solid adhesive film each comprise pressure sensitive adhesive.
The acoustic liner of any preceding clause, further comprising an acoustic core bonded to either the acoustic screen or the facesheet.
A method for bonding together a facesheet and an acoustic screen of an acoustic liner using a solid adhesive film having a first adhesive side opposite a second adhesive side, the method comprising: bonding the facesheet to the first adhesive side of the solid adhesive film; and bonding the acoustic screen to the second adhesive side of the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein the solid adhesive film comprises an elastomeric tape.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein the first adhesive side and the second adhesive side of the solid adhesive film each comprise pressure sensitive adhesive.
The method of any preceding clause, further comprising perforating the solid adhesive film and/or the facesheet.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein perforating the solid adhesive film and/or the facesheet occurs after the facesheet is bonded to the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein a plurality of perforations are simultaneously made through the facesheet and the solid adhesive film using a machining tool.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein the machining tool comprises laser cutting or die punching.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein a plurality of perforations are first made through the facesheet and then the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein a plurality of perforations are first made through the solid adhesive film and then the facesheet.
The method of any preceding clause, further comprising aligning the solid adhesive film and the facesheet with an alignment tool prior to bonding the facesheet to the first adhesive side of the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein the alignment tool comprises protrusions that can be simultaneously positioned within one or more perforations of the facesheet and within one or more perforations of the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein aligning the solid adhesive film and the facesheet with an alignment tool comprises placing the solid adhesive film in the alignment tool and then pressing the alignment tool with the solid adhesive film onto the facesheet to bond the facesheet to the first adhesive side of the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, wherein aligning the solid adhesive film and the facesheet with an alignment tool comprises placing the facesheet in the alignment tool and then pressing the alignment tool with the facesheet onto the solid adhesive film to bond the facesheet to the first adhesive side of the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, further comprising aligning the solid adhesive film and the acoustic screen with an alignment tool prior to bonding the acoustic screen to the second adhesive side of the solid adhesive film.
The method of any preceding clause, further comprising bonding an acoustic core to either the acoustic screen or the facesheet.
The method of any preceding clause, further comprising bonding a back sheet to the acoustic core.
This written description uses examples to disclose the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
While this disclosure has been described as having exemplary designs, the present disclosure can be further modified within the scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this disclosure pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
This disclosure was made with government support under contract number DTFAWA-15-A-80013 awarded by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The government has certain rights in the disclosure.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20230103556 A1 | Apr 2023 | US |
