Patent Application
20090110729
S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) is a physiological donor of methyl groups present in all living organisms and is involved in enzyme transmethylation reactions.
This substance therefore has a very important biological role and is essentially used in clinical practice as an antidepressant.
By “SAMe” is meant both the racemic mixture and the individual diastereoisomers (RS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine [(RS)-(+)-SAMe)] and (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine [(SS)-(+)-SAMe)], as well as mixtures other than the racemic mixture.
The difficulty of using S-adenosyl methionine as a drug and/or dietetic is however known because it is extremely unstable at temperatures above 0° C. or in the presence of moisture, through both degradation of the active ingredient, understood to be the sum of the two diastereoisomers, and through the conversion of active (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine to inactive (RS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine (racemisation of the substance).
Italian Patent no. 829906 describes a process for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of (SS,RS)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine with quantities of inactive diastereoisomer (RS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine of 3% or less with respect to the active diastereoisomer (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine of 97% or more. The same applies with regard to the need to use racemic mixtures with a high percentage of the active S,S diastereoisomer as this is the only one which is pharmacologically active. However, the patent confirms that although more than 97% of active S,S diastereoisomer is obtained at ambient temperature, the racemic mixture is unstable over time, with conversion of the (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine into (RS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine in a relatively short time.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 13,627, 663,943, 98,102 and 354,263 describe a method for stabilising pharmaceutically acceptable salts of S-adenosyl methionine comprising S-adenosyl methionine paratoluene sulphonate, S-adenosyl methionine-1,4-butene disulphonate, S-adenosyl methionine sulphate, S-adenosyl methionine tosylate with a group of substances comprising chitosan, dextrin, carboxymethylcellulose, fumaric acid, azelaic acid and tryptophan. In particular the first of these patents indicates that it is important to have a product with the highest amount of S,S diastereoisomer which is the most stable possible over time because the R,S diastereoisomer is not only inactive but has a pharmacological effect which opposes that of the S,S. However, U.S. Pat. Nos. 13,627 and 98,102 describe methods for stabilising S-adenosyl methionine salts using the abovementioned substances in a percentage by weight with respect to the active ingredient which is very much higher than 50%, and adding them in reconstituted aqueous solution to S-adenosyl methionine salts, with final lyophilisation. This gives rise to high production costs and very low yields because the % of ions in the final product falls from approximately 50% to approximately 25%.
Racemisation of the S-adenosyl methionine is linked to three basic parameters:
The rate of racemisation of SAMe as a salt of S-adenosyl methionine paratoluene sulphonate differs from the racemisation of SAMe in the form of S-adenosyl methionine-1,4-butene disulphonate salt, or S-adenosyl methionine sulphate or as S-adenosyl methionine tosylate.
Although they have different pH for the same residual moisture content, these four salts have very different stabilities and racemisation. The reason for this has to be sought in the mechanisms of diastereoisomer degradation and conversion in the various salts.
It is known that the drier the starting material the more stable the product will be.
The same consideration applies to rate of racemisation. Theoretically, with zero moisture content, the conversion rate of the S,S diastereoisomer at a given storage temperature is at a minimum.
It is also known that the rate of degradation and therefore also racemisation is associated with the thermal energy of the material. This is reflected in the fact that the higher the storage temperature for the material, the more rapidly it degrades and racemises.
If not formulated on the basis of specific procedures and using specific measures, formulations based on S-adenosyl methionine reflect the abovementioned instability and racemisation of the active ingredient, (conversion of the active S,S diastereoisomer into the inactive R,S diastereoisomer), with obvious adverse repercussions for the preservation and storage of the material, even for short periods of time.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,954,726 and 4,057,672 describe relatively stable salts of S-adenosyl methionine, that is up to 25° C. and 45° C., respectively. U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,672 also describes stable salts of S-adenosyl methionine with 5 mols of a sulphonic acid with a pK of less than 2.5.
In this latter United States patent, the process of preparing the product comprises preparation of a concentrated aqueous solution of an impure salt of SAMe, purification of the solution and its elution with a dilute aqueous solution of the preselected sulphonic acid, titration of the resulting eluate, concentration and lyophilisation or spraying. Because of the high instability of SAMe and its derivatives the use of an aqueous environment makes the limitations of this process obvious, and even if residual moisture content is successfully contained it is still unsuitable because of the properties of the inactive ingredient.
Also these patents do not describe the rate of conversion of the active S,S enantiomer at various operating and storage temperatures for the product. Up to now no methods for stabilising the active (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine diastereoisomer in acceptable percentages in solid oral formulations, particularly tablets, are known. The only known concept is the need to keep moisture content, impurities and the active (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine diastereoisomer under strict control, protecting the tablets by either compression or film-forming.
NADH is an active ingredient normally used as an energising agent and antioxidant. Currently known compositions based on NADH, such as those for example described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,332,727 and 7,034,011 are based on stabilising the active ingredient through association with other antioxidants.
There has therefore hitherto been felt a need to identify a simple and economic process which will make it possible to obtain a product based on SAMe and/or NADH, with the removal of moisture and low hygroscopic properties, with as a consequence increased stability in terms of both the active ingredient and reduced racemisation in favour of stabilisation of the reduced (S,S) enantiomer and NADH.
Surprisingly it has been found that the addition of calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide brings about improved stability of both the SAMe, regarded as the sum of the two S,S and R,S diastereoisomers, and the (S,S) diastereoisomer and the NADH, through reducing the water content of the SAMe and the NADH and by reducing its hygroscopic properties, further favoring synergistic antidepressant action through the provision of calcium.
Calcium oxide and/or hydroxide directly mixed with atomised SAMe and/or NADH powder, or with solid formulations based on SAMe and/or NADH, are successful in removing water through a chemical reaction with the powder or the preparation itself.
In fact no other excipients which succeed in removing moisture in direct mixture with the powder and/or preparations of SAMe and/or NADH over time at relatively lower temperatures (15-20° C.), reaching values of close to zero, are known.
The main reason is due to the highly hygroscopic nature of the SAMe which is even greater than that of substances which are well known as excellent desiccants such as silica gel, calcium chloride and others. This means that by mixing SAMe with excipients having a moisture content of close to zero, the residual water in mixtures and/or preparations based on SAMe is the same in absolute terms as that present in the initial SAMe powder. As a consequence there is only a percentage reduction in moisture content in the preparations through the dilution effect, but the same percentage by weight of water with respect to the weight of SAMe used. For this reason, in a direct mixture and/or SAMe preparations, it has never hitherto been possible to achieve higher stability of the active ingredient, and therefore a reduced racemisation rate, than that of the starting material, but at the limit this stability can be achieved.
Calcium oxide is instead a natural desiccant with very high reactivity in relation to water. It reacts with it and changes to a calcium hydroxide, eliminating it permanently in preparations.
CaO+2H2O→Ca(OH)2
It will be seen that calcium oxide absorbs slowly but constantly up to 28% of its weight.
In this case it will be seen that calcium oxide absorbs approximately 28% of water in a highly reactive way in an environment with a very low relative humidity.
Table 1 summarises the absorbent capacities of various desiccants under different relative humidity and temperature conditions.
Specifically the shape of the two
This therefore reduces the second instability factor in SAMe, or its salts, because of the high rate of racemisation of its active S,S diastereoisomer. Table 2 provides moisture content values for five lots of starting material of SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine paratoluene sulphonate) with its corresponding analysis prior to mixing with calcium oxide and storage at 20° C. for 21 days, and the relative accelerated stability at 53° C. for 5 days.
Table 3 shows moisture content values for five lots of starting material of SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine paratoluene sulphonate) with its corresponding analysis after mixing with calcium oxide and storage at 20° C. for 21 days, and the relative accelerated stability at 53° C. for 5 days.
Table 4 shows moisture content values for five lots of starting material of SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine-1,4-butene disulphonate) with corresponding analysis prior to mixing with calcium oxide and storage at 20° C. for 21 days, and the relative accelerated stability at 53° C. for 5 days.
Table 5 shows moisture content values for five lots of starting material of SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine-1,4-butene disulphonate) with corresponding analysis after mixing with calcium oxide and storage for 23° C. for 21 days, and the relative accelerated stability at 53° C. for 5 days.
Table 6 shows moisture content values for five lots of starting material of NADH with corresponding analysis prior to mixing with calcium oxide and storage at 20° C. for 21 days, and the relative accelerated stability at 53° C. for 5 days.
Table 7 shows moisture content values for five lots of starting material of NADH with corresponding analysis after mixing with calcium oxide and storage at 20° C. for 21 days, and the relative accelerated stability at 53° C. for 5 days.
From the data shown in Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 it will be seen that the mixture of calcium oxide in combination with SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine paratoluene sulphonate and S-adenosyl methionine-1,4-butene disulphonate) or with NADH causes the stability of the material at 53° C. for 5 days to increase with permanent removal of approximately 40% of the moisture content when the mixture is stored for 21 days at 20° C., and approximately 60% after the stress test at 53° C. for 5 days.
Thus, one object of this invention relates to compositions comprising SAMe and/or NADH, or their salts, in association with calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
According to this invention, by “SAMe” is meant both the racemic mixture and the individual (RS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine [(RS)-(+)-SAMe)] and (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine [(SS)-(+)-SAMe)] diastereoisomers, including the mixtures other than the racemic mixture.
In particular, the compositions according to this invention contain SAMe, or its salts, in a quantity of between 30 and 90% by weight, preferably between 50 and 85% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition, in association with calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide in a quantity of between 1 and 40% by weight, preferably between 2 and 20% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
In particular, the compositions according to this invention contain NADH, or its salts, in a quantity between 1 and 90% by weight, preferably between 5 and 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition, in association with calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide in a quantity of between 1 and 40% by weight, preferably between 2 and 20% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
Preferably the said SAMe, or its salts, is S-adenosyl methionine paratoluene sulphonate, S-adenosyl methionine-1,4-butene disulphonate, S-adenosyl methionine sulphate, S-adenosyl methionine tosylate.
Preferably, the NADH is present in the form of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
Preferably the said calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide is calcium oxide alone, calcium hydroxide alone, or a mixture thereof.
The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used according to this invention are preferably selected from calcium sulphate hemihydrate, magnesium oxide, malic acid, glutamic acid, glucono-delta-lactone, xylitol and/or their mixtures.
Compositions according to this invention may optionally comprise at least one further active ingredient, preferably selected from melatonin, 1-theanine and/or 1-tryptophan and/or 5-hydroxytryptophan and/or their mixtures.
The compositions according to this invention may be in the form of a direct mixture, tablets, capsules, granules and/or powder. In this invention by direct mixture is meant a mixture of atomised powder of SAMe and/or NADH, or their salts, in association with calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide alone, without the addition of other excipients.
Preferably, the compositions according to this invention are in the form of tablets, more preferably in the form of ordinary, coated, film-coated and/or gastroresistant tablets.
In this invention, by ordinary tablet is meant a tablet obtained by direct compression or compression after granulation without coating; by coated tablet is meant a tablet coated with non-gastroresistant substances; by film-coated tablet is meant a coated tablet which is further covered with water-based varnishes, which varnishes may have a gastroresistant action.
Thus, the compositions according to this invention may be film-coated with water-based varnishes preferably selected from gum Lac (Shellac™) and/or its salts, methacrylic acid, cellulose acetophthalates, titanium dioxide, talc, triethyl citrate, PVP K30, curcumin, lutein, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and/or mixtures thereof.
By gastroresistant tablets according to this invention are meant tablets capable of passing unchanged through the gastric barrier.
The said film coating with varnishes, when provided through Shellac™, salts, cellulose acetophthalates and/or other coatings which are insoluble in an acid environment, may render the compositions according to the invention resistant to passage through the stomach. The varnishes according to this invention may be present in a quantity varying from 1.0 to 1.98% by weight with respect to the composition.
The compositions according to this invention have approximately 60% less moisture content (KF) than the compositions based on SAMe known hitherto and are approximately 12 times less hygroscopic than shown in Table 6 above.
The compositions according to this invention are preferably intended for the treatment of depressive states.
A further object of this invention is a process for the preparation of solid compositions for oral use comprising SAMe and/or NADH, or their salts, in association with calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide which comprises the following stages:
The process according to this invention is carried out in an environment in which the relative humidity lies below 20% and the temperature is held between 18 and 25° C., preferably around 20° C.
Granulation according to this invention is preferably carried out using a rotating blade granulator fitted with a stainless mesh having holes of between 1.2 mm and 3.2 mm in diameter.
SAMe, or its salts, is used in a quantity varying from 30 to 90% by weight, preferably from 50 to 85% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
NADH, or its salts, is used in a quantity varying from 1 to 90% by weight, preferably from 5 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
In particular, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used in the process according to the invention are preferably selected from calcium sulphate hemihydrate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, malic acid, glutamic acid, xylitol, saccharose, anhydrous microcrystalline cellulose, hydrogenated fatty acids, magnesium stearate, glycerol behenate, precipitated silica.
More particularly, in step a) the active ingredient is preferably mixed with calcium oxide from approximately 1.0 to approximately 10% by weight and/or magnesium stearate from approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight and/or precipitated silica from approximately 0.5 to approximately 2.0% by weight calculated with respect to the active ingredient.
In stage c), the granulate obtained in b) is preferably mixed with magnesium hydroxide from approximately 1.0 to 10.0% by weight and/or microcrystalline cellulose from approximately 1.0 to approximately 20.0% by weight and/or hydrogenated fatty acids from approximately 1.0 to approximately 10% by weight and/or malic acid from approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight and/or glutamic acid from approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight and/or glucono-delta-lactone from approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, magnesium stearate from approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight and/or glycerol behenate from approximately 1.0 to approximately 5.0% calculated with respect to the active ingredient.
Optionally, in said stage c) of the process according to the invention at least one further active ingredient preferably selected from melatonin, 1-theanine and/or 1-tryptophan and/or 5-hydroxytryptophan and/or their mixtures may be added to the mixture for the treatment of depressive states.
At stage e) coating with hydrogenated fatty acids, preferably molten hydrogenated vegetable fatty acids, may be performed using conventional processes known in the art, with if appropriate the addition of surfactants which are miscible in the oily liquid.
According to this invention the coating mentioned in stage e) may be performed using hydrogenated fatty acids, preferably molten hydrogenated vegetable fatty acids, in a quantity of between approximately 0.4 and approximately 1.5% by weight with respect to the weight of the composition.
The said stage h) in the process according to this invention, makes it possible to reduce the hygroscopic nature of the tablet obtained in stage g) by approximately twelve times, bringing about appreciable advantages in any subsequent stage of aqueous phase film-forming.
Aqueous phase film-forming (stage i) may be carried out using a substance or varnish preferably selected from gum Lac (Shellac™) and/or its salts, methacrylic acid, cellulose acetophthalates, titanium dioxide, talc, triethyl citrate, PVP K30, curcumin, lutein, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and/or mixtures thereof.
In particular the said film-forming may be carried out using substances preferably selected from gum Lac (Shellac™) and/or its salts.
A further object of this invention is the use of SAMe or its salts in association with calcium and magnesium for the preparation of pharmaceutical, dietetic and/or nutritional/pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of depressive states.
Yet a further object of this invention is a method for stabilising SAMe and/or NADH, preferably the (S,S) enantiomer, or its salts, which comprises the use of calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide in the percentages indicated above.
The working environment was conditioned to a temperature of 20° C. and a relative humidity value of approximately 20% RH. A, B, C, D, E and G and 50% of F were then transferred to the mixer in the quantities indicated above, leaving them with stirring for approximately 30 minutes. At the end of this operation the resulting mixture was transferred to dry containers, always controlling moisture content and temperature.
Precompression of the mixture was effected using a rotary machine equipped with round punches of 25.0 mm. The hardness of the tablets produced had to be regulated to subsequently produce a granulate having good flow characteristics.
The tablets produced during the first processing stage were granulated on a 1000-1500 μm mesh, again in a humidity-controlled environment.
The granulate obtained in stage 1.3 was transferred into the mixer, adding magnesium stearate and leaving it with stirring for approximately 30 minutes. At the end of this operation the resulting mixture was transferred into dry containers.
Final compression of the granulate was carried out using a rotary machine equipped with oblong punches of 21.0×9.8 mm adjusting the weight to 1240 mg/tablet and the compression force to at least 25 KP. The tablets produced had a hardness of between 25 and 35 Kp.
Friability: ≦1.0%; disaggregation time: ≦15 minutes (measured using the method described in U.S.P. 24th ed.)
Moisture content according to K.F.≦1.50%
Stability tests on uncoated tablets were performed at only 40° C. and 75% RH for six months and for a single lot because this is not a finished product. The samples were stored in alu/alu blisters.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 9 show that the tablets have optimum stability.
The tablets resulting from the preceding processing stages were coated in a bowl with a mixture of hydrogenated fatty acids (4.0 mg/tablet).
Hydrogenated fatty acid melting at 70° C. was placed in a glass container of 2.0 litres and the temperature of the mixture was raised to approximately 75° C. obtaining a homogeneous fused mass.
After the bowl had been preheated to approximately 65° C., approximately 250 kg of tablets were added and allowed to heat up to 60° C. The cores were then protected by causing the previously prepared fused mass to adhere to the moving tablets. The cores so treated were again left at 60° C. for approximately 3 minutes, until the waxy layer had been completely cleaned from the basket of the bowl.
Shellac™ and PVP were dissolved in a container of suitable size until a solution of 20% w/v was obtained, and triethyl citrate was added slowly with constant stirring.
In another steel container again fitted with a stirrer, talc, titanium dioxide and curcumin were dispersed in 4.0 l of deionised water. The resulting suspension was poured into the Shellac™ solution, washing the container with approximately 1.0 l of deionised water, subsequently diluting with a further 4.0 l of deionised water.
During the first coating stage the temperature of the cores was held at 54° C. for approximately 40 minutes, and this was then reduced in regular steps down to a value of 45° C. in the final stage.
After coating of the protected cores was complete, they were allowed to dry for a further 10 minutes, again at 45° C. Finally reduction in the temperature to 42-43° C. was awaited so that emptying of the bowl could begin, taking care to store the tablets in suitable envelopes which were impermeable to moisture. No increase in percentage water content was observed in the tablets produced in this way. All the checks specified by the quality specifications were also carried out on these.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 250.00 kg of tablets.
The tablets were prepared in the manner described in Example 1 using the components and quantities indicated above.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 10 indicate that the tablets have optimum stability.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 250.00 kg of tablets.
The tablets were prepared in the manner described in Example 1 using the components and quantities indicated above.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 11 show that the tablets have optimum stability.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 250.00 kg of tablets.
The tablets were prepared in the manner described in Example 1 using the components and quantities indicated above.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 250.00 kg of tablets.
The tablets were prepared in the manner described in Example 1 using the components and quantities indicated above.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 12 indicate that the tablets have optimum stability.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 250.00 kg of tablets.
The tablets were prepared in the manner described in Example 1 using the components and quantities indicated above.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 13 reveal that the tablets have optimum stability.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 20.00 kg of tablets
Stability at 40° C. 75% RH (STRESS TEST) and at ambient temperature over a long period (SHELF LIFE) for the compositions in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 obtained according to the process according to the invention were evaluated for changes in appearance (essentially change in colour), titre of SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate and NADH and other active ingredients (mg/tablet), increase in degradation purities, moisture content (K.F.) and % of the active (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine diastereoisomer; the presence of any degradation products, which can be substantially identified as adenosine and methylthioadenosine and oxidised NADH, expressed as a percentage with respect to the mg of SAMe-toluene sulphonate per tablet and reduced NADH, was further checked by HPLC.
The tablets were prepared in stoppered glass bottles and enclosed in such a way as to reproduce the conditions of final packaging (generally aluminium/aluminium blister).
The samples so prepared were stored for six months in a stove thermostatted to a temperature of 40±2° C. and 75% RH.
Nine samples from three different lots were used for the 400 mg tablets (Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and each sample from each lot was sampled after 0, 1, 3 and 6 months.
The following tables (14-37) report the results of the stress test.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
From the stability data at 40° C. and 75% RH (STRESS TEST) it will be seen that all the lots examined after six months had suffered degradation equal to approximately 2.5% of both SAMe and the other active ingredients with a reduction of approximately 10% in the active (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine diastereoisomers;
From the stability data at 40° C. and 75% RH (STRESS TEST) it will be seen that all the lots of NADH examined containing calcium oxide had undergone approximately 50% less degradation than the lots without calcium oxide after six months.
The tablets were packed in stoppered glass bottles and enclosed in such a way as to reproduce the conditions of final packaging (generally aluminium/aluminium blister).
The samples were selected in the same way and in the same quantities as described for the stress test and kept in an environment thermostatted to a temperature of 25±2° C. and a humidity of 60% RH.
Nine samples originating from three different lots were used for the 400 mg tablets (Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and each sample from each lot was sampled after 0, 3, 6, 12 months.
The following tables (38-61) show the results for SHELF LIFE.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2Oxidised NADH;
3NADH sodium salt (mg/tablet);
From the stability data at 25° C. and 60% RH (SHELF LIFE) it will be seen that all the lots examined after twelve months had suffered very little degradation of the SAMe with a reduction of approximately 10% in the active (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine diastereoisomer;
From the stability data at 25° C. and 60% RH (SHELF LIFE) it will be seen that all the lots of NADH examined which contained calcium oxide had undergone approximately 50% less degradation than the lots without calcium oxide after six months.
The following three comparative examples reproducing the formulation of examples 1, 2, and 3 without the presence of calcium oxide have been introduced.
Stability tests on uncoated tablets were performed at only 40° C. and 75% RH for six months and for a single lot because this is not a finished product. The samples were stored in alu/alu blisters.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 9A show that the tablets have non good stability.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 250.00 kg of tablets.
The tablets were prepared in the manner described in Example 1 using the components and quantities indicated above.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 10A indicate that the tablets have non good stability.
The quantities relate to the preparation of a standard industrial lot of 250.00 kg of tablets.
The tablets were prepared in the manner described in Example 1 using the components and quantities indicated above.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The data in Table 11A show that the tablets have non good stability.
Stability at 40° C. 75% RH (STRESS TEST) and at ambient temperature over a long period (SHELF LIFE) for the compositions in Examples 1A, 2A, 3A, obtained according to the process according to the invention were evaluated for changes in appearance (essentially change in colour), titre of SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate, increase in degradation purities, moisture content (K.F.) and % of the active (SS)-(+)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine diastereoisomer; the presence of any degradation products, which can be substantially identified as adenosine and methylthioadenosine, expressed as a percentage with respect to the mg of SAMe-toluene sulphonate per tablet, was further checked by HPLC.
The tablets were prepared in stoppered glass bottles and enclosed in such a way as to reproduce the conditions of final packaging (generally aluminium/aluminium blister).
The samples so prepared were stored for six months in a stove thermostatted to a temperature of 40±2° C. and 75% RH.
Nine samples from three different lots were used for the 400 mg tablets (Examples 1A, 2A, 3A,), and each sample from each lot was sampled after 0, 1, 3 and 6 months.
The following tables (14A-22A) report the results of the stress test.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
The tablets were packed in stoppered glass bottles and enclosed in such a way as to reproduce the conditions of final packaging (generally aluminium/aluminium blister).
The samples were selected in the same way and in the same quantities as described for the stress test and kept in an environment thermostatted to a temperature of 25±2° C. and a humidity of 60% RH.
Nine samples originating from three different lots were used for the 400 mg tablets (Examples 1A, 2A, 3A,), and each sample from each lot was sampled after 0, 3, 6, 12 months.
The following tables (38A-46A) show the results for SHELF LIFE.
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet);
1Temperature (° C.)/time (months);
2adenosine;
3methylthioadenosine;
4SAMe sulphate p-toluene sulphonate (mg/tablet).
The stability at 40° C. 75% RH (STRESS TEST) and at temperature over a long period (SHELF LIFE) for the compositions of Examples 1A, 2A and 3A (without calcium oxide) is lower than the stability for the compositions of Examples 1, 2 and 3 (with calcium oxide), valued at the same conditions (STRESS TEST and SHELF LIFE).
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| MI2006A000629 | Mar 2006 | IT | national |
This application is a continuation-in-part of PCT application IT2006/000610 filed Aug. 8, 2006, which claims priority benefit of Italian application Serial No. MI2006A000629, file Mar. 31, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by referenced into the present disclosure as if fully put forth therein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/IT2006/000610 | Aug 2006 | US |
| Child | 12240002 | US |
