Patent Application
20170209455
The present invention relates to solid pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising the compound (4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one additional pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also relates to the processes for their preparation and to their use as medicaments for the treatment of a proliferative disease, e.g. cancer.
(4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one has the structure of formula (I):
(hereinafter referred to as “compound of formula (I)”). The compound of formula (I) is a Phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor (PI3K inhibitor) and is useful in the suppression of tumors and in other conditions, diseases or disorders dependent on PI3K.
The compound of formula (I), its chemical synthesis, medical use, crystalline and amorphous forms, methods to preparing said forms, and first simple pharmaceutical dosage forms are described in WO 2013/124826, filed Feb. 22, 2013, and are incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
As the compound of formula (I) is a poorly water soluble compound and difficult to formulate, there is a need to employ special drug delivery technologies to make this compound sufficiently bioavailable.
A first simple solid dispersion comprising compound of formula (I) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), prepared by a simple solvent removal process, is described in WO 2013/124826, pages 52-53. However, the formulation of WO 2013/124826, which contains a 1:1 w/w ratio of the carrier polymer HPMC (grade 603) to the compound of formula (I), was found by the present inventors to be unstable and subject to changes of the physical state of the compound of formula (I) over time when stored at ambient temperatures. Increasing the weight to weight (w/w) ratio of the HPMC carrier to the compound of formula (I) e.g. up to 4:1, i.e. with only 20% drug load, did not prevent the compound of formula (I) from recrystallizing upon standing.
Therefore, there is still a need for the design of a pharmaceutical dosage form which is able to deliver the compound of formula (I) reliably and at a high rate to achieve high bioavailability. At the same time, the pharmaceutical dosage form should provide for a consistent delivery of the compound of formula (I) during the entire shelf-life of the drug product.
The design of a pharmaceutical composition, a pharmaceutical dosage form as well as a commercially viable pharmaceutical manufacturing process for the compound of formula (I) is especially difficult for, inter alia, the following reasons:
Firstly, the compound of formula (I) has a strong tendency to crystallize. In its crystalline form, however, the compound of formula (I) is poorly water-soluble and consequently poorly bioavailable.
Secondly, a high dose of the compound of formula (I) may be needed for therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of some diseases for some of the patients. At the same time, the high dose should fit into a swallowable oral dosage form. Therefore, in such cases, a high drug loading needs to be achieved which in turn limits the amount of excipients which are required to stabilize the compound.
Thirdly, fast delivery of a therapeutic compound out of the pharmaceutical dosage form is preferred for therapy. Therefore, it is desirable that the dosage form is able to release the compound quickly, ideally within a few minutes, preferably within 30 minutes, more preferably within 15 min.
Fourthly, once released out of the dosage form, the compound forms a supersaturated solution. To optimize bioavailability, the compound would ideally stay for a longer time in solution despite its high tendency to crystallize and to precipitate out of aqueous solutions.
Therefore, the compound of formula (I), once released from the pharmaceutical dosage form, should ideally remain in the supersaturated solution for a time period sufficiently long to be absorbed, e.g., into the body of a warm-blooded animal or patient in need of such treatment.
It is therefore difficult to design a pharmaceutical composition or a dosage form for the compound of formula (I) that fulfils these criteria and at the same time is of an acceptable size to be easily swallowable. It is even more difficult to find a pharmaceutical composition for the compound of formula (I) which meets the first two above mentioned requirements and at the same time also ensures fast drug release and long time periods of staying in a supersaturated solution. Further, it is difficult to design a manufacturing process which can reliably produce said pharmaceutical dosage form on a commercial scale and in consistently high quality suitable for human use.
Despite the numerous difficulties associated with the compound of formula (I), the inventors surprisingly found that the first two requirements as stated above can be met when using a stabilizing polymer. The stabilizing polymer is a polymeric material which may be used to embed the compound of formula (I) in its amorphous form in the polymer matrix and is able to keep said compound in its amorphous state over time. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or a derivative thereof were found to be especially suitable stabilizing polymers for the compound of formula (I). Preferably the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and the stabilizing polymer are in the form of granules.
It was further surprisingly found that when the median particle size of the granules is within 250-1000 μm, the time for the drug release is within 15 minutes. The inventors yet further surprisingly found that an anti-nucleating agent, e.g. an acrylic polymer or a cellulose derived polymer, or combinations thereof, is especially suitable for keeping the compound of formula (I) in supersatured solution. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) was found to be especially suitable in this aspect.
Taking these surprising findings into account, the inventors herewith provide the present invention as described herein.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound (4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a stabilizing polymer. In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound (4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one and a stabilizing polymer. In the embodiments of the present invention said stabilizing polymer is preferably poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), or a derivative thereof, more preferably, said stabilizing polymer is a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinylacetate.
More specifically there is provided a pharmaceutical composition as described above, wherein the drug substance, i.e the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and the stabilizing polymer are present in the form of granules. There is provided a pharmaceutical composition as described above, wherein the drug substance, i.e the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and the stabilizing polymer are present together as a mixture in the form of granules.
The granules described herein may be present in the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein in about 15-70%, e.g., preferably about 15-50%, e.g, preferably about 5-15% by weight, based on the total weight of the granules and all extragranular ingredients together.
Even more specifically there is provided a pharmaceutical composition as described above, wherein said granules comprise about 5-50%, preferably about 10-40%, more preferably about 30-35% by weight of the compound of formula (I) based on the total weight of said granules.
Even more specifically there is provided a pharmaceutical composition as described above, wherein the granules have a median particle size within 250 to 1000 μm, preferably within 300 to 750 μm, more preferably within 300 to 500 μm.
In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition as described above, further comprising an anti-nucleating agent, preferably said anti-nucleating agent is an acrylic polymer or a cellulose-derived polymer, or combinations thereof, more preferably said anti-nucleating agent is selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer 1:1 (Eudragit L100), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS), and combinations thereof. Even more preferably said anti-nucleating agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS). It is understood that the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may or may not comprise an anti-nucleating agent.
In accordance with the present invention, there is further provided a process for preparation of the pharmaceutical composition as described above comprising a melt granulation, preferably a melt-extrusion step.
In accordance with the present invention, there is further provided a pharmaceutical composition obtainable by the process as described above.
In accordance with the present invention, there is further provided a pharmaceutical composition as described above for use in the treatment of cancer and/or the treatment or prevention of other conditions, diseases or disorders dependent on PI3K.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention provide for a drug product which is physically stable during storage and during drug dissolution. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention also provide a reliably high bioavailability of the therapeutic agent which is (4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one.
Herein after, the present invention is described in further detail and is exemplified. It will be understood that the features described herein may be combined together.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound (4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a stabilizing polymer.
In the aspects of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, the compound (4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one, herein also referred to as compound of formula (I), is present in its free form or in the form of any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, complex, co-crystal, hydrate or solvate thereof, preferably in its free form.
The compound of formula (I) is present in its amorphous state. The phrase “present in its amorphous state” has herein the meaning of “present to a substantial amount in the amorphous state.” Preferably the amorphous state is characterized by the absence of said compound in any of its crystalline states. The absence of crystalline compound of formula (I) can be determined by x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and/or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The amorphous state is further characterized by having in an XRPD or DSC analysis not more than 50%, preferably not more than 25%, more preferably not more than 10%, even more preferably not more than 5%, even more preferably not more than 2%, even more preferably not more than 1%, even more preferably not more than 0.5% of compound of formula (I) in any of its crystalline states based on the total amount of the compound of formula (I) in a dose unit of the pharmaceutical composition. Most preferably, the compound of formula (I) is entirely present (to 100%) in its amorphous state, i.e. not present in any of its crystalline states. The compound of formula (I) in amorphous form may be prepared by melt extrusion with a suitable stabilizing polymer, e.g. copovidone as described herein or by spray drying a mixture of the compound of formula (I) in a suitable solvent or solvent mixture such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, acetone or combinations thereof.
The stabilizing polymer stabilizes very efficiently the amorphous state of the drug substance so that a granule drug load of about 30 to 35% or even higher is achievable. This in turn makes the resulting drug product more easily swallowable by patients.
The stabilizing polymer may be poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) (also referred to as povidone), or a derivative thereof such as cross-linked PVP (also referred to as crospovidone), copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate (also referred to as copovidone), or a physical mixture of polyvinyl acetate and povidone.
Examples of povidones are Kollidon products supplied by BASF which are available with different K-values, e.g. 12, 17, 25, 30, 90. Examples of crospovidones are Kollidon products supplied by BASF which are available in different grades, e.g. CL (standard), CL-F (fine), CL-SF (super fine), CL-M (micronized). An example of a copovidone is Kollidon VA 64 supplied by BASF which contains the N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinylacetate in a mass ratio of 6:4. The Kollidon VA 64 is available in different grades, e.g. VA 64 (standard), VA 64 Fine (fine). An example of a physical mixture of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and povidone is of Kollidon SR supplied by BASF which is a mixture of PVAc and povidone 30 in the ratio of 8:2 with small amounts of sodium lauryl sulphate and silica. All these povidones, crospovidones, copovidones and PVA-povidone mixtures are described in detail in Volker Bühler, “Kollidon—Polyvinylpyrrolidone excipients for the pharmaceutical industry”, BASF, 9th revised edition, March 2008, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
In one embodiment the stabilizing polymer is a povidone such as Kollidon K12 or K30, or an equivalent thereof.
In another embodiment the stabilizing polymer is a copovidone such as Kollidon VA 64.
In yet another embodiment, said stabilizing polymer is a combination of different povidone types, or a combination of a copovidone with a povidone.
In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizing polymer is a copovidone, more preferably the copovidone is a copovidone such as Kollidone VA 64 or an equivalent thereof.
The compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the stabilizing polymer, and optionally any further ingredients or excipients may be present together in the form of granules and form an internal phase or intragranular phase of the drug product. The ingredients of the granules are also referred to as internal or intragranular ingredients. In other words, the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the polymer are present in the intragranular phase or are present intragranularly. In one embodiment, the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the stabilizing polymer, and a glidant (e.g., colloidal silicon dioxide) are present in the intragranular phase of the drug product.
Said granules alone may already form the drug product, e.g. in the form of small pellets which are filled into capsules or in the form of lentils directly made from melt-extrusion.
Alternatively, the granules are combined with further ingredients which then form the drug product.
Said further ingredients which do not form part of the granules are referred to as “extragranular” ingredients and constitutes the external phase or extragranular phase.
The granules may be prepared by dry granulation or wet granulation. Alternatively, the granules may be obtained by melt granulation, or melt extrusion. As further alternatives, the granules may be obtained by simple solvent removal processes or by spray drying. Preferably, the granules are obtained by hot melt extrusion and are subsequently milled to a desired particle size.
The granules, if present, may comprise of about 5-50%, e.g., about 10-40%, e.g., about 30-35%, preferably about 10-40%, more preferably about 30-35% by weight of the compound of formula (I) based on the total weight of said granules. It is a surprising finding of the present invention that such a high amount of the therapeutically active compound is stabilized in its amorphous form by the use of the polymers as described herein and provide a pharmaceutical composition wherein the compound has a high kinetic solubility.
The granules are of a mean or median particle size of 250-1000 μm, preferably 300-750 μm, more preferably of 350-500 μm as determined by sieve analysis. In one preferred embodiment, the granules are of a median particle size of 250-1000 μm, In one preferred embodiment, the granules are of a median particle size of 300-750 μm, more preferably of 350-500 μm as determined by sieve analysis.
In another embodiment the granules are characterized in that at least 50% by weight of the particles are larger than 250 μm but at least 90% by weight are smaller than 1000 μm. In other words, at least 50% by weight of the particles do not pass a sieve with a mesh size corresponding to 250 μm and at least 90% by weight pass a sieve with a mesh size corresponding to 1000 μm.
Granules with a mean or median particle size or particles size distribution as described herein have the advantage that they do not induce an undesired gelation effect when the final drug product is exposed to aqueous media for dissolution. The formation of a gel would retard the drug release in an undesired way.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further contain an anti-nucleating agent. The anti-nucleating agent may be an acrylic polymer or a cellulose derived polymer or combinations thereof. The anti-nucleating agent may be selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer 1:1 (Eudragit L100), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate HPMC-AS, or combinations thereof. Even more preferably said anti-nucleating agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS). It is understood that the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may or may not comprise an anti-nucleating agent.
Acrylic polymers are polymers or copolymers which are composed e.g. of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, or methyl methacrylate monomers or combinations of those monomers. Further, all derivatives of those polymers are also understood to be included in the group of acrylic polymers. Examples of this group of polymers are those which are commercialized under the brand name Eudragit or Eudragid by Evonik Industries, e.g. Eudragit L 100, Eudragit L 12,5, Eudragit S 100, Eudragit S 12,5, Eudragit L 100-55, Eudragit RL 100, Eudragit RL PO, Eudragit RL 12,5, Eudragit RS 100, Eudragit RS PO, Eudragit RS 12,5, Eudragit E 100, Eudragit E PO, Eudragit E 12,5.
Cellulose derivative polymers herein are e.g. methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, more preferably a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, also referred to as hypromellose), even more preferably HPMC acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) in any of its available grades, e.g. micronized grades such as AS-LF, AS-MF, AS-HF or granular grades such as AS-LG, AS-MG, AS-HG as e.g. commercialized by ShinEtsu Chemical Co., even more preferred is the grade HPMC-AS-LF (also referred to as HPMC-AS, LF), which typically has about 8% acetyl content (5-9%), about 15% succinoyl content (14-18%), a mean particle size of about 5 μm (average: not more than 10 μm, 90% cumulation: not more than 20 μm) and a viscosity of about 3 mm2/s (2.4-3.6 mm2/S), methoxy content of 20-24%, hydroxypropoxy content of 5-9%.
The term “anti-nucleating agent” is used herein in its established meaning in the field of pharmaceutics, i.e. is a compound which is able to reduce the rate of re-crystallization or prevent the recrystallization of another compound, here the drug substance, i.e. the compound of formula (I). In its role the anti-nucleating agent stabilizes the supersaturated solution which is obtained when the drug product gets into contact with aqueous media and prevents that the compound quickly precipitates again.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further comprise conventional excipients. Examples of such conventional excipients include, but are not limited to, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, and glidants.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further comprise a filler such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, cellulose or any combination thereof, preferably the filler is a cellulose, more preferably the filler is microcrystalline cellulose (also referred to as MCC or cellulose MK GR). It was surprisingly found that the microcrystalline cellulose acted as spacer and increased the porosity of the final drug product. In this role the microcrystalline cellulose contributed to the prevention of the undesired formation of a gel which in turn would reduce drug dissolution rate.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises microcrystalline cellulose having a nominal particle size of about 100 μm (e.g., Vivapur 102, Avicel PH-102). In a further embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises microcrystalline cellulose having a nominal particle size of about 50-70 μm (e.g., Vivapur 101, Avicel PH-101). In a further embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises microcrystalline cellulose having a nominal particle size of about 50 μm (e.g., Vivapur 101, Avicel PH-101) and microcrystalline cellulose having a nominal particle size of about 100 μm (e.g., Vivapur 102, Avicel PH-102).
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further comprise a disintegrant such as starch, cellulose, cross-linked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), sodium starch glycolate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (e.g., croscarmellose sodium) or combinations thereof, preferably cross-linked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (also referred to as PVP-XL or crospovidone) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (e.g., croscarmellose sodium).
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further comprise a lubricant, a glidant or a combination thereof. Examples of lubricants and glidants include, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium trisilicate, starches, talc, tribasic calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, polyethylene glycol, powdered cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose. A preferred lubricant is magnesium stearate or sodium stearyl fumarate. A preferred glidant is colloidal silicon dioxide.
The additional excipients, including but not limited to the anti-nucleating agent, the filler, the disintegrant, the lubricant, the glidant and combinations thereof, may be present extragranularly, i.e they do not form part of the granular matrix which comprises the compound of formula (I) and the stabilizing polymer. It is understood that a specific additional excipient may be present both intragranularly and extragranularly. Preferably, the anti-nucleating agent, if present, is present extragranularly only.
More specifically, the pharmaceutical composition of any of the embodiments as described herein is characterized in that the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS), where present, is present in about 5-15%, preferably in about 7-10% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition (i.e the weight of the granules and the weight of the extragranular ingredients).
More specifically, the pharmaceutical composition of any of the embodiments as described herein is characterized in that the filler, preferably microcrystalline cellulose, where present, is present in about 30-85%, e.g. about 30-80% e.g., about 50-85%, e.g., about 20-75%, e.g., about 40-70%, preferably in about 40-70% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition (i.e the weight of the granules and the weight of the extragranular ingredients).
More specifically, the pharmaceutical composition of any of the embodiments as described herein is characterized in that the disintegrant, where present, is present in about 5-20%, preferably in about 5-18%, more preferably in about 10-15% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition (i.e the weight of the granules and the weight of the extragranular ingredients).
More specifically, the pharmaceutical composition of any embodiment as described herein is characterized in that the lubricant, where present, is present in about 0.1-5%, preferably about 0.1-2% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition (i.e the weight of the granules and the weight of the extragranular ingredients).
More specifically, the pharmaceutical composition of any embodiment as described herein is characterized in that the glidant, where present, is present in about 0.01-7%, preferably about 1-6% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition (i.e the weight of the granules and the weight of the extragranular ingredients).
The pharmaceutical composition of any of the embodiments as described herein is characterized in that the composition is in the form of a solid pharmaceutical dosage form, including without limitation, capsules, tablets, caplets, granules, and sachets, preferably a capsule or tablet. In some aspects, granules and tablets may be coated with a suitable polymer or a conventional coating material to achieve, for example, greater stability in the gastrointestinal tract, or to achieve the desired rate of release. Suitable film coatings are known and commercially available or can be made according to known methods. The film coating may be applied by conventional techniques in a suitable coating pan or fluidized bed apparatus using water and/or conventional organic solvents (e.g, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol), ketones (acetone), etc.
Moreover, capsules containing the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be further coated. Tablets may be scored to facilitate division of dosing. Alternatively, the dosage forms of the present invention may be unit dosage forms wherein one unit dosage form is intended to deliver one therapeutic dose per administration or wherein multiple unit dosage forms are intended to deliver the total therapeutic dose per administration.
In a preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of
In another preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of or consists of
In another preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of or consists of
In a preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of
In another preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of or consists of
In a preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of
In another preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of or consists of
In a preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of
In a preferred embodiment the pharmaceutical composition comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of
For each embodiment of the present invention, it is understood that the total amount of all components in the granules must add up to 100% by weight based on the total weight of granules. For each embodiment of the present invention, it is further understood that the total amount of the granule and all other components (excluding the granule) in the pharmaceutical composition must add up to 100% by weight based on the total weight of granules and all extragranular ingredients together.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for making the pharmaceutical composition as described above comprising a melt granulation step.
In a preferred embodiment the melt granulation is performed as hot melt extrusion with subsequent milling of the melt extrudates to a desired particle size.
In one embodiment, the process of the present invention is characterized by the following process steps:
In a further embodiment, the process of the present invention is characterized by the following process steps:
In alternative embodiments, the compound of formula (I) may be co-processed in the process step (1) with the polymer and optionally the colloidal silicon dioxide by spray drying, by spray congealing, or by the use of suitable solvents in connection with a solvent removal process, e.g. freeze drying.
In yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided pharmaceutical composition obtainable by the process as described above.
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition as described above for use in the treatment of cancer, or for use in the treatment or suppression of tumors, or for use in the treatment or prevention of other conditions, diseases or disorders dependent on PI3K.
The present invention also provides a method for treating cancer in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as defined above.
The present invention also provides a method for treating or suppressing tumors in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as defined above.
The present invention also provides a method for treating or preventing other conditions, diseases or disorders dependent on PI3K, in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as defined above. Various enumerated embodiments of the invention are described herein. It will be recognized that features specified in each embodiment may be combined with other specified features to provide further embodiments of the present invention
A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of formula (I), also known as (4S,5R)-3-(2′-Amino-2-morpholin-4-yl-4′-trifluoromethyl-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a stabilizing polymer.
The pharmaceutical composition according to Embodiment 1, wherein the stabilizing polymer is poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or a derivative thereof, preferably, said polymer is a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinylacetate.
The pharmaceutical composition according to Embodiments 1 or 2, wherein the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the stabilizing polymer are present in the form of granules.
The pharmaceutical composition according to Embodiment 3, wherein the granules comprise about 5-50%, preferably about 10-40%, more preferably about 30
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 3 or 4, wherein the granules have a median particle size ranging from 250 to 1000 μm, preferably ranging from 300 to 750 μm, more preferably ranging from 300 to 500 μm.
The pharmaceutical composition according to Embodiment 5, wherein the granules further comprise a glidant.
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, further comprising an anti-nucleating agent.
The pharmaceutical composition according to Embodiment 7, wherein the anti-nucleating agent is an acrylic polymer or a cellulose derived polymer, or combinations thereof, more preferably said anti-nucleating agent is selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer 1:1 (Eudragit L100), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and HPMC acetate succinate (HPMC-AS), and combinations thereof.
The pharmaceutical composition according to Embodiment 8, wherein the anti-nucleating agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS).
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, further comprising a filler, preferably the filler is selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and cellulose or is a any combination said fillers, more preferably the filler is cellulose, even more preferably the filler is microcrystalline cellulose.
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 10, further comprising a disintegrant, preferably the filler is selected from the group consisting of starch, cellulose, cross-linked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), sodium starch glycolate, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or is a combination of two or more of said disintegrants, preferably the disintegrant is cross-linked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 7 to 11, wherein said further components of the composition (i.e any one of the group selected from the anti-nucleating agent, the filler, the disintegrant, and combinations thereof, where present) are present in the extragranular phase.
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more of the following:
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 7 to 13, wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) is present in about 5-15%, preferably in 7-10% by weight based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition (i.e., the weight of the granules and the extragranular ingredients together).
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 14, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose is present in about 30-85%, preferably in 40-70% by weight based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition (i.e., the weight of the granules and the extragranular ingredients together).
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 15, wherein the disintegrant is present in about 5-20%, preferably in 5-18%, more preferably in 10-15% by weight based on the total weight of the granules and all extragranular ingredients together.
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 16 comprising
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1-17 comprising
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1-18 comprising
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1-19 comprising
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1-6 comprising
The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiment 1 to 21, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule, tablet, or sachet.
A process for making the pharmaceutical composition as defined by any one of Embodiment 1 to 22 comprising a melt granulation or a melt extrusion step.
The process according to Embodiment 23 further characterized by the following process steps:
The process according to Embodiment 23 further characterized by the following process steps:
A pharmaceutical composition obtainable by the process according to any one of Embodiments 23-25.
A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Embodiments 1-22 for use in the treatment of cancer, for use in the treatment or suppression of tumors, or for use in the treatment or prevention of other conditions, diseases or disorders dependent on PI3K.
Hereinafter, the present invention is described in more details and specifically with reference to the examples, which however are not intended to limit the present invention.
All the inactive ingredients (also referred to as excipients) referred herein are used in qualities suitable for pharmaceutical use and are commercially available under various brand names as indicated in the following as examples:
Methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer 1:1, e.g. Eudragit L100
Copovidone, USP/NF, e.g. Kollidon VA 64
Colloidal silicon dioxide, USP/NF, e.g. Aerosil 200
Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose MK GR), USP/NF, e.g. Vivapur 102, Avicel PH 102
Microcrystalline cellulose (Microcrystalline cellulose powder), USP/NF, e.g. Vivapur 101, Avicel PH 101
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, e.g., croscarmellose sodium (e.g., Ac-Di-Sol)
Crospovidone, USP/NF, e.g. Polyplasdone XL
Hypromellose acetate succinate, USP/NF, e.g. HPMC-AS, LF
Magnesium stearate, USP/NF
Povidone, USP/NF e.g. Kollidon K12
PEG-40 Hydrogenated castor oil, e.g. Cremophor RH 40 or Kolliphor RH 40
ca.: about
HMPC: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
min: minute
NMT: not more than
rpm: revolutions per minute
Principle: RP HPLC with UV detection
Flow rate: 0.7 ml/min
Column temperature: 30° C.
Auto-sampler temperature: Ambient
Needle wash: Methanol/water 80/20 (v/v)
Injection volume:
For all calculations of degradation products disregard peaks <0.1% (reporting limit).
Dissolution medium: 0.1 N HCl
USP apparatus: II
Sinker: Spring style capsule sinker
Samples per test: 6 capsules
Dissolution System: Auto sampler
Procedure: The concentration maximum is taken as kinetic solubility value.
In the following, the manufacturing process is outlined for the granules and capsules in all exemplified dosage strengths. The corresponding amounts of the ingredients are provided in Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 below.
The appropriate amounts of copovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, and the compound of formula (I) are weighed out. Said ingredients are blended at 20 rpm for 5 min in a Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The blend is passed through a 25-30 mesh screen or a Comil screen of type 024R03125 with impeller and then blended again for 15 min at 20 rpm using the Bohle bin blender. The resulting blend is hot melt extruded on an 18 mm Leistritz horizontal screw extruder at process temperatures from 100° C. over 150° C. to finally 200° C. (low shear screw design, about 100 rpm screw speed, about 15±3 g/min feed rate).
The appropriate amount of melt extrudate, obtained above, is milled using a Fitz mill (screen type 1512-0020 for 2.5 mg and 1512-0033 for 10 and 50 mg dosage strength) in a hammer (impact mill, hammer forward setting at 5500±100 rpm for 2.5 mg) and knife (forward setting 2500±100 rpm for 10 mg and 1800-2000 rpm for 50 mg). In case of 2.5 mg dosage strength, the milled extrudate is screened through a 100 mesh sieve as an additional process step. Appropriate amounts of the milled extrudate, the microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, hypromellose acetate succinate LF, and colloidal silicon dioxide are weighed out and blended for 10 min at 20 rpm using a Bohle bin blender. The resulting blend is then passed through an 18 mesh screen or a Comil screen of type 039R03125. The screened blend is blended a second time for 10 min at 20 rpm and screened again through an 18 mesh blend or a Comil screen of type 039R03125. Appropriate amounts of magnesium stearate are weighed out and screened through a 35 mesh sieve. The screened magnesium stearate is blended together with the other blend materials for 3 min at 20 rpm using the Bohle bin blender to give the final blend which is then filled into capsules.
The final blend is then filled into capsules of appropriate size by using dosing disk or dosator encapsulation machines (e.g. Bosch or Zanasi). The capsules are stored not above 25° C. under protection from moisture.
Chemical Compatibility of the Compound of Formula (I) with Polymers
The compatibility of the compound of formula (I) with various polymers was tested by preparing melt extrudates according to the manufacturing process as described in example 1 and analyzing the resulting melt extrudates by HPLC to determine the amount of degradation or related products (“impurities”) of the compound of formula (I). The product temperature range was kept in the range of 195-205° C. as the inventors of the present invention found that processing temperatures exceeding 205° C. led to the degradation of compound of formula (I). The amount of total impurities was assessed according to the guideline that the sum of specified and unspecified impurities (herein referred to as total impurity) is preferably not more than (NMT) 0.5%. Copovidone (Kollidon VA 64), povidone (Kollidon 12), HMPC, Cremophor RH 40 and combinations thereof were tested. The compositions tested and the results obtained are shown in Table 2.1.
For the composition comprising Cremophor RH 40 a total impurity of 0.728% w/w was found (not shown in Table 2.1). The total impurity level exceeded the acceptance limit of 0.5% in compositions comprising HPMC. However, for, the impurity levels were found to be well below 0.5% in compositions comprising only copovidone and/or povidone as polymer.
Compositions with copovidone as polymer alone are preferred since povidone (e.g. Kollidon K12) is highly hygroscopic. This may lead to potential chemical and physical stability issues when using povidone in the composition, which would require taking extra precautions to prevent the absorption of water when formulating the compositions.
Melt extrudates with compositions as indicated in Table 2.2 were prepared according to the manufacturing process as described in example 1 and their melting point and glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined.
Compositions comprising HPMC were found to have higher melting points than compostions comprising copovidone or povidone alone or combinations thereof.
As the present inventors found that processing temperatures exceeding 205° C. lead to the degradation of the compound of formula (I), compositions with HPMC with their increased melting points were found to be less suitable.
Melt extrudates were prepared according to example 1. The kinetic solubility and the physical state of the compound of formula (I) were determined. Melt extrudates of different compositions were tested and the results are displayed in Table 2.3. Kinetic solubility were determined by adding melt extrudates equivalent to 100 mg of the compound of formula (I) in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer using a rotating bottle at 50 rpm and at a temperature of 37° C. The physical state (crystalline or amorphous) was determined by XRPD (discrete peaks indicating some of the material being in a crystalline state, absence of peaks indicating amorphous state).
As shown below, compositions with copovidone alone stabilized the compound in its amorphous form up to a drug load of 35%. At 40% drug load the compound of formula (I) crystallized out in the copovidone polymer matrix. The addition of povidone to compostions containing copovidone stabilized the amorphous state of the compound of formula (I) but at the same time a decrease in kinetic solubility was observed. Therefore, a drug load of 35% in copovidone alone is preferred in the light of both solubility and stability requirements.
Melt extrudate with 35% drug load of compound of formula (I), 54.5% copovidone, 0.5% colloidal silicon dioxide were prepared according to the process as described in example 1. The melt extrudates were milled and the resulting particle size distributions were determined by sieve analysis, e.g. by giving ca. 10 g sample on the sieve stack comprising 6 to 8 sieves with apertures within the range of 50-1000 micron (μm) which is shaken repeatively for ca. 5 minutes time intervals until less than 0.2% of the material passes a given sieve aperture in any of said 5 minutes intervals). The detailed particle size distributions for melt extrudates milled with three different speeds are provided in Tables 3.1 to 3.3. When those milled melt extrudates were further processed to capsules according to the process as described in example 1 and the capsules exposed to aqueous media, an undesired gel formation was observed for melt extrudates with a median particle size below 300 micron. This caused a reduction in the disintegration time of the capsules and a reduction of the dissolution rate of the drug substance. For melt extrudates with a median particle size above 300 micron no gel formation was observed and the capsule could disintegrate quickly and the drug substance could dissolve quickly and completely.
Table 3.4 further elucidates this observed effect by providing in vitro dissolution data. The undesired gelling effect was observed in capsules made with extrudates with a median particle size of ca. 232 micron, obtained e.g. after milling at 2500 rpm, Consequently this resulted in a slower dissolution rate in 0.1 N HCl. Drug release was only 61% and highly variable (relative standard deviation (RSD): 36.9%) after 15 min. Even after 60 min only 74% of the compound of formula (I) was released (RSD 29.8).
In contrast, using extrudates with a median particle size of ca. 384 micron, e.g obtained by milling at 2000 rpm, resulted in the absence of any gelling effect when the corresponding capsules were dissolved in 0.1 N HCl. The drug release was >90% after only 15 min and the relative standard deviation of the test data (n=6) was as low as 6.4%. The drug release can therefore be considered as fast and reliably consistent.
The melt extrudates of Table 3.1 were found to induce undesired gel formation.
The melt extrudates of Table 3.2 were found not to induce undesired gel formation.
The melt extrudates of Table 3.3 were found not to induce undesired gel formation.
Capsules were prepared according to the process as described with in example 1 but with different types and amounts of external stabilizers. If the amounts are less than 10%, an increased amount of cellulose as filler was used. As external stabilizers Eudragit L100, HPMC, HPMC-AS, and combinations thereof have been prepared and analyzed by an in vitro dissolution test with using 0.01 N HCl during the acid stage (0, 15, 30 min timepoints) and pH 6.8 sodium phosphate buffer for the buffer stage (50, 60, 90 min timepoints) The results are shown in
In the following, the manufacturing process is outlined for the granules and capsules in all exemplified dosage strengths. The corresponding amounts of the ingredients are provided in Tables 5.1 and 5.2 below.
The appropriate amounts of copovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, and the compound of formula (I) are weighed out. Said ingredients are blended at 20 rpm for 5 min in a Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The blend is passed through a 25-30 mesh screen or a Comil screen of type 024R03125 with impeller and then blended again for 15 min at 20 rpm using the Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The resulting blend is hot melt extruded on an 18 mm Leistritz horizontal screw extruder at process temperatures from 100° C. over 150° C. to finally 200° C. (low shear screw design, about 100 rpm screw speed, about 15±3 g/min feed rate).
The appropriate amount of melt extrudate, obtained above, is milled using a Fitz mill (screen type 1512-0033) in a knife (forward setting 1900±100 rpm). The milled extrudate is screened through a 44 micron (mesh #325) screen, and the material retained above the mesh is collected for encapsulation.
Appropriate amounts of the retained milled extrudate is weighed out and passed along with colloidal silicon dioxide through an 18 mesh screen. The screened material is blended for 5 minutes at 20 rpm using a Bohl (or TOTE) bin blender. Appropriate amounts of the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and hypromellose acetate succinate LF are weighed out and blended with the prior screened blend for 10 minutes at 20 rpm using a Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The resulting blend is then passed through an 18 mesh screen or Comil screen of type 039R03125. The screened material is blended a second time for 10 minutes at 20 rpm using Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender and screened again through an 18 mesh screen or Comil screen of type 039R03125. Appropriate amounts of magnesium stearate are weighed out and screened through a 35 mesh sieve. The screened magnesium stearate is blended together with the other blend materials for 3 min at 20 rpm using the Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender to give the final blend which is then filled into capsules.
The final blend is then filled into capsules of appropriate size by using dosing disk or dosator encapsulation machines (e.g. Bosch or Zanasi). The capsules are stored not above 25° C. under protection from moisture.
In the following, the manufacturing process is outlined for the granules and capsules in all exemplified dosage strengths. The corresponding amounts of the ingredients are provided in Tables 6.1 and 6.2 below.
The appropriate amounts of copovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, and the compound of formula (I) are weighed out. Said ingredients are blended at 20 rpm for 5 min in a Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The blend is passed through a 25-30 mesh screen or a Comil screen of type 024R03125 with impeller and then blended again for 15 min at 20 rpm using the Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The resulting blend is hot melt extruded on an 18 mm Leistritz horizontal screw extruder at process temperatures from 100° C. over 150° C. to finally 200° C. (low shear screw design, about 100 rpm screw speed, about 15±3 g/min feed rate).
The appropriate amount of melt extrudate, obtained above, is milled using a Fitz mill (screen type 1512-0033) in a knife (forward setting 1900±100 rpm). The milled extrudate is screened through a 88 micron (mesh #170) screen, and the material retained above the mesh is collected for encapsulation.
The appropriate amount of the retained milled extrudate is weighed out and passed along with colloidal silicon dioxide through an 18 mesh screen. The screened material is blended for 5 minutes at 20 rpm using a Bohl (or TOTE) bin blender. Appropriate amounts of the Cellulose MK GR (Avicel PH-101) is weighed out and blended with the prior screened blend for 5 minutes at 20 rpm using a Bohl (or TOTE) bin blender. Appropriate amounts of the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and hypromellose acetate succinate LF are weighed out and blended with the prior screened blend for 10 minutes at 20 rpm using a Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The resulting blend is then passed through an 18 mesh screen or Comil screen of type 039R03125. The screened material is blended a second time for 10 minutes at 20 rpm using Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender and screened again through an 18 mesh screen or Comil screen of type 039R03125. Appropriate amounts of magnesium stearate are weighed out and screened through a 35 mesh sieve. The screened magnesium stearate is blended together with the other blend materials for 3 min at 20 rpm using the Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender to give the final blend which is then filled into capsules.
The final blend is then filled into capsules of appropriate size by using dosing disk or dosator encapsulation machines (e.g. Bosch or Zanasi). The capsules are stored not above 25° C. under protection from moisture.
In the following, the manufacturing process is outlined for the granules and tablet in the exemplified dosage strength. The corresponding amounts of the ingredients are provided in Tables 7.1 and 7.2 below.
The appropriate amounts of copovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, and the compound of formula (I) are weighed out. Said ingredients are blended at 20 rpm for 5 min in a Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The blend is passed through a 30 mesh screen or a Comil screen mill (type U10: 7A039R03125 or S-197: 2A039R0325 024R03125) and then blended again for 15 min at 20 rpm using the Bohle (or TOTE) bin blender. The resulting blend is hot melt extruded on an 18 mm Leistritz horizontal screw extruder at process temperatures from 100° C. to 150° C. to finally 200° C. (low shear screw design, about 90-110 rpm screw speed, about 14±3 g/min feed rate).
The appropriate amount of melt extrudate, obtained above, is blended with colloidal silicon dioxide, for 5 min at 10 rpm in a Bohle bin blender. The blend is passed through a Frewitt screening mill with a 0.8 mm screen and with an oscillating bar. The appropriate amounts of the excipients for the internal phase are weighed out and added to the container containing the blend in the following order: crospovidone, sodium stearyl fumarate and cellulose MK GR. The mixture is blended for 5 minutes at 10 rpm in a Bohle bin blender. The resulting blend is passed through a Frewitt screening mill with a 0.8 mm screen and with an oscillating bar. The resulting mixture is further blended for 15 minutes at 10 rpm in a Bohle bin blender.
The final blend is then compresäsed into tablets of appropriate size by using a suitable rotary tablet press machine (e.g., FETTE 1200i TP09) fitted with 16×6.3 mm, R 3.5 punches. The tablets are prepared under controlled relative humidity of 30-40%. The tablets are dedusted using a suitable tablet deduster (e.g., Krämer). Tablets are stored not above 25° C. under protection from moisture.
The in-process controls are as follows (target values):
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2015/055622 | 7/24/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62173626 | Jun 2015 | US | |
| 62120950 | Feb 2015 | US | |
| 62028917 | Jul 2014 | US |
