Patent Application
20080309807
This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No. 159365/2007 filed in Japan on Jun. 15, 2007, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a solid-state image pickup device that can be made smaller while preventing dust from adhering onto the optical path when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used.
A camera module (solid-state image pickup device) for use in a mobile phone or the like is a module integrally constituted by a solid-state image pickup element (CCD (charge-coupled device) or a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) sensor IC (integrated circuit)), an infrared filter, and a printed-circuit board having terminals, a lens, and a lens holder. Recently, in order to miniaturize a camera module, a process for manufacturing a miniature solid-state image pickup element has been developed. As the size of a camera module becomes smaller, fine dust (e.g., of not less than 25 μm) existing on the optical path causes an image defect. Such an image defect is caused when the shadow of dust on the optical path is projected as a black dot or a stain onto a shot image. It should be noted that the optical path of a camera module is indicated by a line connecting a lens with a light-receiving portion of a solid-state image pickup element.
Examples of the dust that causes such an image defect include dust having already adhered to a component of the camera module at the time of arrival of the component and dust generated in process of manufacture. It should be noted here that the dust having already adhered at the time of arrival is often formed from fine resin chips. Meanwhile, the dust generated in process of manufacture is often formed from metal. Such metal is generated by the abrasion of an apparatus for manufacturing (assembling) a camera module.
If the dust thus generated adheres onto the optical path, the dust can be removed at the time of shipping inspection included in a process for manufacturing a camera module. However, dust temporarily adhering to a portion other than the optical path cannot be removed at the time of shipping inspection; therefore, the camera module is shipped as a conforming article. For this reason, when the camera module thus shipped is shocked or vibrated during conveyance or transportation of the camera module, the temporarily-adhering dust moves and adheres onto the optical path. This causes an image defect at the place (user source, e.g., a camera-equipped mobile phone seller) to which the camera module has been shipped.
One of the conventional measures against such an image defect is to screen dust having already adhered to a component of a camera module at the time of delivery of the component. Moreover, depending on the extent to which the dust adheres, the dust is blown away with use of a air blower, washed away with use of ultrasonic waves, washed away with HFE (hydrofluoroether).
Meanwhile, in order to prevent dust generated in process of manufacture from adhering to a component of a camera module, an attempt to raise standards of cleanliness of a manufacturing line has been made. For example, manufacturing is performed in a clean room cut off from the outside world.
However, such an attempt requires facility investment, control of maintenance, manufacturing process maintenance (e.g., apparatus cleaning and component replacement), and the like. That is, the installation of a clean room, the investment in facilities for air circulation (e.g., air curtains, air circulators, filtration facilities, and cleaning facilities) and the like, and the control of maintenance of those facilities involve enormous cost. Moreover, as described above, even if dust is prevented from entering at the time of assembly of a camera module in a clean room, there is a possibility that dust is generated in the clean room. For this reason, the securement of standards of cleanliness in manufacturing processes is no longer sufficient to remove dust.
In view of this, each of Patent Documents 1 and 2 discloses a solid-state image pickup device that employs an adhesive material to catch dust that causes an image defect.
Meanwhile,
Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a solid-state image pickup device that prevents dust from adhering to a solid-state image pickup element.
However, the conventional arrangements are insufficient to take measures against dust and incapable of miniaturizing a solid-state image pickup device.
Specifically, each of the arrangements of Patent Documents 1 and 2 employs an adhesive material to catch generated dust, and the arrangement of Patent Document 3 prevents dust from adhering to a solid-state image pickup element. That is, the arrangements of Patent Documents 1 to 3 are designed to collect generated dust, but fail to take any measures to prevent dust generation.
Further, as described above, the arrangement of Patent Document 1 employs the adhesive material 115, provided in the same space as the solid-state image pickup element 112, to catch dust. Meanwhile, the arrangement of Patent Document 2 employs the adhesive material 234 not only to simply catch dust, but also to catch dust sucked by the charged film 230.
However, the arrangement of Patent Document 1 cannot prevent dust from adhering onto a surface of the sealing glass 114 that lies on a line extending from the solid-state image pickup element 112. That is, the arrangement of Patent Document 1 cannot prevent dust from adhering onto the optical path. For this reason, the dust causes an image defect.
Further, the arrangement of Patent Document 2 employs the charged film 230 to suck dust. However, the charged film 230 is provided also in the optical path. For this reason, even if the adhesive material 234 is not provided in the optical path, dust is attracted toward the charged film 230 provided in the optical path. Moreover, the adhesive material 234 is not provided so as to face a lens unit 212. As a result, dust adheres onto both sides of the charged film 230 provided in the optical path. Thus, the arrangement of Patent Document 2 also cannot prevent dust from adhering onto the optical path, and therefore suffers from an image defect.
Moreover, the arrangement of Patent Document 2 suffers from such a problem that the static electricity with which dust is sucked causes a malfunction in the solid-state image pickup device 206 and such a problem that there is dust, such as metal dust, which cannot be sucked with static electricity.
Meanwhile, the arrangement of Patent Document 3 does not employ an adhesive material or static electricity as Patent Documents 1 and 2 do. Moreover, since dust is generated outside of the lens-barrel-attaching frame 322, no dust adheres to the solid-state image pickup element 327. However, the threads for fastening the lens barrel 320 and the lens-barrel-attaching frame 322 together need to be provided outside of the lens-barrel-attaching frame 322. This makes it necessary not only to provide a convex pedestal 325 on an outer circumferential surface of the lens-barrel-attaching frame 322 so that the convex pedestal 325 extends from the outer circumferential surface of the lens-barrel-attaching frame 322, but also to provide the lens barrel 320 with a second barrel 304 having the inner thread 308 provided on an inner surface thereof. This undesirably causes an increase in the size of the solid-state image pickup device of Patent Document 3.
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 261158/1987 (Tokukaisho 62-261158; published on Nov. 13, 1987)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 42230/2006 (Tokukai 2006-42230; published on Feb. 9, 2006)
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 06502/2007 (Tokukai 2007-06502; published on Jan. 11, 2007)
The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a small solid-state image pickup device while preventing dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used.
In order to attain the foregoing object, a solid-state image pickup device of the present invention includes: an optical structure that forms a subject image; a solid-state image pickup element that converts, into an electrical signal, a subject image formed by the optical structure; a holding section, holding the optical structure therein, which contains the solid-state image pickup element; and a cushioning member, disposed between the optical structure and the holding section so as to avoid an optical path of the optical structure, which absorbs an impact of contact between the optical structure and the holding section, the cushioning member being made of nonmetallic material.
According to the foregoing arrangement, the cushioning member disposed between the optical structure and the holding section is made of nonmetallic material. This prevents the cushioning member from generating dust by scraping against the optical structure. This makes it possible to prevent dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used. Moreover, according to the foregoing arrangement, the holding section holds the optical structure therein. Therefore, the size of the solid-state image pickup device is not increased. This makes it possible to realize a small solid-state image pickup device while preventing dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used.
Additional objects, features, and strengths of the present invention will be made clear by the description below. Further, the advantages of the present invention will be evident from the following explanation in reference to the drawings.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to
A solid-state image pickup device of the present invention includes a nonmetallic cushioning member provided between an optical structure and a holding section, thereby realizing a small solid-state image pickup device while preventing dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention is suitable to an electronic apparatus, such as a camera-equipped mobile phone, a digital still camera, or a security camera, which is capable of taking photographs. The present embodiment describes a camera module (solid-state image pickup device) for use in a camera-equipped mobile phone.
The following fully describes an arrangement of each component of the camera module 1 with reference to
The wiring board 2 is a board having wires (not shown) patterned thereon. The wiring board 2 has a solid-state image pickup element 21 provided in a central part thereof. The wiring board 2 and the solid-state image pickup element 21 are electrically connected via boding wires 22 so as to be able to exchange electrical signals with each other.
The solid-state image pickup element 21 converts, into an electrical signal, a subject image formed by the optical structure 3. That is, the solid-state image pickup element 21 is a sensor device that photoelectrically converts incident light coming from the optical structure 3. The solid-state image pickup element 21 has a light-receiving surface (not shown) formed on a front surface (upper surface) thereof, and the light-receiving surface has a plurality of pixels disposed thereon in a matrix manner. Moreover, the solid-state image pickup element 21 converts, into an electrical signal, an optical image formed on the light-receiving surface, and outputs the electrical signal as an analog image signal. The solid-state image pickup element 21 is a CCD or a CMOS sensor IC, for example.
The solid-state image pickup element 21 has an adhesive section 23 disposed thereon and a transparent lid section 24 disposed on the adhesive section 23. The transparent lid section 24 is disposed vis-à-vis the solid-state image pickup element 21 so as to cover at least an effective pixel region where the solid-state image pickup element 21 has a plurality of light-receiving elements disposed on a surface thereof. The transparent lid section 24 is made of transparent material such as glass. Since the transparent lid section 24 is disposed above the solid-state image pickup element 21 via the adhesive section 23, the solid-state image pickup element 21 (effective pixel region) and the transparent lid section 24 do not make contact with each other. Further, the size of the transparent lid section 24 is smaller than the size of the solid-state image pickup element 21. Since the transparent lid section 24 is thus disposed so as to cover the effective pixel region of the solid-state image pickup element 21, the effective pixel region can be protected from the outside world. That is, the effective pixel region can be protected from external humidity, dust (swarf), and the like. Further, the transparent lid section 24 has an IR protection coating; therefore, the transparent lid section 24 has a function of shielding external infrared radiation.
Also provided on the wiring board 2 are electronic components such as a DSP (digital signal processor) for adjusting an optical axis, a CPU for executing various computations in accordance with a program, a ROM in which to store the program, and a RAM in which to store data on each process stage or the like. These electronic components perform overall control on the camera module 1.
The optical structure 3 is a shooting optical system that forms a subject image. That is, the optical structure 3 is an optical system for forming an image on the solid-state image pickup element 21 in accordance with light from a subject. The optical structure 3 includes a lens section 32 having a lens 31 held in the center thereof, a lens barrel 33 for holding the lens section 32, and a cushioning member 34 for absorbing the impact of contact made between the optical structure 3 and the lens holder 4 when the lever 5 is moved. The optical axis of the lens 31 is identical to the central axis of the lens barrel 33. In the present embodiment, the lens section 32 and the lens barrel 33 are each made of resin.
The cushioning member 34 is a nonmetallic member. The cushioning member 34 is disposed between the optical structure 3 and the lens holder 4 so as not to block the optical path of the optical structure 3. The cushioning member 34 is held by that portion of an inner surface of the lens holder 4 which protrudes toward the center. Further, the cushioning member 34 is disposed so as to leave a space between an outer surface of the cushioning member 34 and the lens holder 4. The cushioning member 34 will be described below in detail.
The lens holder 4 is a cylindrical member made of resin. The lens holder 4 holds the optical structure 3 in an upper portion thereof. The lens holder 4 has a space S provided in a lower portion thereof. The space S contains (seals in) the solid-state image pickup element 21.
Such a camera module 1 takes an image by causing the solid-state image pickup element 21 to receive incident light having traveled through the lens 31 and the transparent lid section 24.
As described above, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose arrangements for collecting dust generated during use of the solid-state image pickup devices. However, Patent Documents 1 to 3 completely fail to disclose measures to prevent dust generation. The present inventors investigated the cause of dust generated during use of the solid-state image pickup devices. As a result, the present inventors found that there was a problem with a tension ring.
In view of this, in the camera module 1 of the present embodiment, the cushioning member 34 is made of nonmetallic material.
When the cushioning member 34 disposed between the optical structure 3 and the lens holder 4 is made of nonmetallic material, the cushioning member 34 does not generate dust by scraping against the optical structure 3 (lens barrel 33). This makes it possible to prevent dust from being generated when the camera module 1 is manufactured or used.
Meanwhile,
In the camera module 1, the optical structure 3 moves up and down in conjunction with the rotation of the lever 5. On this occasion, the cushioning member 34 (esp., that surface of the cushioning member 34 which is in contact with the optical structure 3) is subjected to pressure. For this reason, the cushioning member 34 is preferably made of elastic rubber, resin, or elastomer. This makes it possible to efficiently absorb the impact with the elasticity of the cushioning member. It should be noted that a specific example of the cushioning member 34 is a washer.
Further, it is preferable that that surface of the cushioning member 34 which makes contact with the optical structure 3 (i.e., the surface of the first member 35 or 35a) be coated with a fluorocarbon resin. The “fluorocarbon resin” here means a synthetic resin obtained through polymerization of olefin containing fluorine. Examples of the fluorocarbon resin include polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon®) and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. Among the fluorocarbon resins, polytetrafluoroethylene exhibits particularly excellent durability and lubricity, and is highly stable even in the presence of a chemical. Meanwhile, polychlorotrifluoroethylene has the advantage of being easily processed.
It should be noted that the cushioning member 34 may be coated with a fluorocarbon resin by applying the fluorocarbon resin to the nonmetallic cushioning member 34 so that the nonmetallic cushioning member 34 is coated with the fluorocarbon resin or by covering the nonmetallic cushioning member 34 with a molded article of the fluorocarbon resin.
Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the camera module 1 has a macro function, and therefore can switch between a normal shooting mode and a close-up mode. An operation for switching between the modes is performed by moving up and down the lens section 32 with use of the lever 5. The lever 5 protrudes from the camera-equipped mobile phone so that the user can move the lever 5. For example, the focal length is adjusted to the normal shooting mode by moving the lever 5 down to the left, and the focal length is adjusted to the close-up mode by moving the lever 5 down to the right.
As shown in
Those portions of the lens holder 4 and the lens barrel 33 which make contact with each other are threaded so that the lens holder 4 and the lens barrel 33 engage with each other, and those portions of the lens section 32 and the lens barrel 33 which make contact with each other are threaded so that the lens section 32 and the lens barrel 33 engage with each other. This makes it possible to smoothly move each component by moving the lever 5.
At the time of switching between the modes, for example, at the time of transition from the state of
Moreover, in addition to the dust generated from the sites of friction, the camera module 1 has dust having already adhered to an inner part thereof. That is, the camera module 1 contain dust that entered the camera module 1 in process of manufacture and was not detected at the time of shipping inspection. For this reason, when the camera module 1 is shocked or vibrated, the dust moves inside of the camera module 1.
Thus, the camera module 1 may contain dust generated from a site of friction during use (dust generated when the camera module 1 is used) and dust having entered in process of manufacture (dust generated when the camera module 1 is manufactured). If such dust adheres onto the optical path, the shadow of the adhering dust is projected as a black dot or a stain onto a shot image. That is, the dust having adhered onto the optical path causes an image defect.
In view of this, the camera module 1 of the present embodiment may be preferably arranged such that the cushioning member 34 is coated with grease. The application of grease to the cushioning member 34 makes it possible that, even if dust is generated when the camera module 1 is manufactured or used, the grease catches the dust. That is, not only is it possible to prevent dust generation by making the cushioning member 34 nonmetallic, but also to catch generated dust with the grease. This makes it possible in the long term to prevent (or reduce) dust from causing an image defect.
The arrangement (shape) of a cushioning member 34 coated with grease is not particularly limited. For example, a cushioning member 34 coated with grease can be arranged as shown in
The grease G is a type of oily substance that takes a semisolid or almost liquid form. For example, the grease G can be composed of semisolid (or almost solid) or paste lubricant. Usable examples of the grease G include molybdenum disulfide lubricant, white lubricant, silicone lubricant, and perfluoropolyether lubricant. Other examples of the grease G include mineral oil grease composed mainly of mineral oil, poly-a-olefin grease composed mainly of poly-a-olefin oil, silicone or fluorosilicone grease composed mainly of silicone oil, and perfluoropolyether grease composed mainly of perfluoropolyether. These types of grease G can be used alone or in combination of two or more of them. Further, the grease G may contain such additives for use in grease as lithium soap, calcium soap, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It is preferable that the grease G be low in exudation. Preferably usable examples of the grease G include EMD-D110 (marketed as MOLYKOTE®) manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.
The amount of grease G to be applied only needs to be at such a level that the dust D can be caught, and is not particularly limited. Further, the amount of grease G to be applied only needs to be set in accordance with the properties of the grease G. Further, it is only necessary to apply a larger amount of grease G to a portion where the dust D is likely to be generated.
As described above, the camera module 1 of the present embodiment has a cushioning member 34 made of nonmetallic material, and therefore can prevent dust from being generated when the camera module 1 is manufactured or used. Moreover, since the optical structure 3 is held inside of the lens holder 4, the size of the camera module 1 is not increased as in the arrangement of Patent Document 3. This makes it possible to realize a small camera module 1 while preventing dust from being generated when the camera module 1 is manufactured or used.
It should be noted that the use of the grease G brings about the following effects:
(a) The grease G can not only catch the dust D, but also coat dust having adhered to a site of application of the grease G before the grease G is applied.
(b) The grease G is so fluid as to be easily spread through the site of application.
(c) The grease G deteriorates little in properties (such physical properties such as heat resistance and weather resistance).
(d) The grease G is innocuous.
(e) The properties of the grease G can be easily changed by changing the composition of the grease G (e.g., viscosity control).
(f) The grease G requires no maintenance.
Further, the use of an adhesive material such as a thermosetting resin, a photosetting resin, or an adhesive tape instead of grease brings about the same effects.
It should be noted that a camera module 1 can be manufactured, for example, by a combination of a wiring board 2 having a solid-state image pickup element 21 and a lens holder 4, holding an optical structure 3, which has been manufactured separately from the wiring board 2. The application of grease G to a cushioning member 34 can be realized, for example, with use of a dispenser. The camera module 1 can be manufactured by a publicly-known method for manufacturing a camera module (e.g., Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 062462/2002), except that the cushioning member 34 is made of nonmetallic material. The publicly-known method for manufacturing a camera module will not be described below.
The present embodiment has described a camera module 1 having a macro function, but can be applied to a camera module having a focus-adjusting function such as an automatic focus (AF) function or a zoom function. The execution of these functions is likely to cause dust to be generated from the optical structure 3. However, even if the execution of each function causes dust to be generated, it is possible to catch the dust with the grease G.
As described above, a solid-state image pickup device of the present invention is arranged such that: a cushioning member for absorbing the impact of contact between an optical structure and a holding section is disposed between the optical structure and the holding section so as to avoid an optical path of the optical structure, and is made of nonmetallic material. This brings about an effect of realizing a small solid-state image pickup device while preventing dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention is preferably arranged such that that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the optical structure is coated with a fluorocarbon resin.
According to the foregoing arrangement, that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the optical structure is coated with a fluorocarbon resin excellent in durability and lubricity. This makes it possible to more surely prevent dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention is preferably arranged such that the cushioning member has a first grooved portion formed by removing a part of that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the optical structure.
According to the foregoing arrangement, that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the optical structure is partially removed. Therefore, the cushioning member makes partial contact with the optical structure. With this, in comparison with an arrangement in which the cushioning member has no first grooved portion (i.e., an arrangement in which the cushioning member makes total contact with the optical structure), the area of contact with the optical structure becomes smaller. This makes it possible to reduce friction between the cushioning member and the optical structure, and to thereby more surely prevent dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention is preferably arranged such that the cushioning member is coated with grease.
According to the foregoing arrangement, the cushioning member is coated with grease. Therefore, even if dust is generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used, it is possible to catch the dust with the grease. That is, the foregoing arrangement makes it possible not only to prevent dust generation, but also to catch generated dust with the grease. This makes it possible in the long term to prevent (or reduce) dust from causing an image defect.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention may be arranged such that: the cushioning member has a plurality of holes formed on a side surface thereof; and the holes have the grease injected thereinto.
According to the foregoing arrangement, the holes formed on the side surface of the cushioning member are filled with the grease. This makes it possible that, even if dust is generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used, the grease catches the dust. Furthermore, this makes it possible to hold the caught dust in the holes.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention may be arranged such that: the cushioning member has a second grooved portion formed in a side surface thereof by removing a peripheral part of the side surface; and the second grooved portion has the grease injected thereinto.
According to this arrangement, the second grooved portion formed on the peripheral part of the side surface of the cushioning member 34 has the grease G injected thereinto. This makes it possible that, even if dust is generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used, the grease G catches the dust. Furthermore, this makes it possible to hold the caught dust in the second grooved portion.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention may be arranged such that: that cross-section of the cushioning member which is parallel to the surface of contact with the optical structure becomes smaller with longer distance from the optical structure; and the cushioning member has a side surface coated with the grease.
According to the foregoing arrangement, that cross-section of the cushioning member which is parallel to the surface of contact with the optical structure becomes smaller with longer distance from the optical structure. In other words, the cushioning member takes the shape of an inverted cone (taper). That is, the cushioning member becomes narrower toward its lower end (facing the holding section) where dust is likely to gather. Moreover, the side surface of the cushioning member is coated with the grease. This makes it possible that, even if dust is generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used, the grease catches the dust at the lower end of the cushioning member where dust is particularly likely to gather.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention may be arranged such that: the cushioning member has a plurality of grooves so formed on a back surface thereof as to extend from an edge portion of the back surface to a center of the back surface; and the grooves have the grease injected thereinto.
According to the foregoing arrangement, the plurality of grooves radially formed on the back surface of the cushioning member has the grease injected thereinto. This makes it possible that, even if dust is generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used, the grease catches the dust on the back surface of the cushioning member where dust is particularly likely to gather. Furthermore, this makes it possible to hold the caught dust in the grooves.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention may be arranged such that: the cushioning member has a third grooved portion formed in a back surface thereof by removing a part of that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the holding section; and the third grooved portion has the grease injected thereinto.
According to the foregoing arrangement, the cushioning member has the third grooved portion. Therefore, that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the holding section (i.e., the back surface of the cushioning member) is partially removed. With this, as the cushioning member and the holding section are alternately in a state of contact and a state of noncontact with each other, the portion coated with the grease attracts dust. This allows the grease to catch the dust.
The solid-state image pickup device of the present invention is preferably arranged so as to have at least one of an automatic focus function, a zoom function, and a macro function.
According to the foregoing arrangement, the solid-state image pickup device has an automatic focus function, a zoom function, and a macro function that are likely to cause dust to be generated from the optical structure. This makes it possible that, even if the execution of each function causes dust to be generated, the grease catches the dust.
Because of the cushioning member made of nonmetallic material, the solid-state image pickup device of the present invention can be made smaller while preventing dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is manufactured or used. Therefore, the solid-state image pickup device of the present invention can be suitably used for a camera-equipped mobile phone, a digital still camera, a security camera, or the like. Moreover, the solid-state image pickup device of the present invention makes it possible to prevent (reduce) dust from being generated when the solid-state image pickup device is used (operated or carried) or manufactured, and to catch generated dust, if any, with grease. This makes it possible to prevent the adhesion of dust to a solid-state image pickup element, and to thereby improve quality and reduce costs with a great improvement in yield.
The present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments above, but may be altered by a skilled person within the scope of the claims. An embodiment based on a proper combination of technical means disclosed in different embodiments is encompassed in the technical scope of the present invention.
The embodiments and concrete examples of implementation discussed in the foregoing detailed explanation serve solely to illustrate the technical details of the present invention, which should not be narrowly interpreted within the limits of such embodiments and concrete examples, but rather may be applied in many variations within the spirit of the present invention, provided such variations do not exceed the scope of the patent claims set forth below.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-159365 | Jun 2007 | JP | national |
