Patent Application
20150115816
The present disclosure relates to a solid-state lighting device that is capable of accurately measuring voltage or current conditions within the lighting device.
In recent years, a movement has gained traction to replace incandescent light bulbs with solid-state lighting devices that employ more efficient lighting technologies. One such technology that shows tremendous promise employs light emitting diodes (LEDs). Compared with incandescent bulbs, LED lighting devices are much more efficient at converting electrical energy into light and are longer lasting. As a result, lighting fixtures that employ LED technologies are expected to eventually replace incandescent bulbs in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
The growing popularity of LED lighting products has resulted in a large number of both LED lighting devices and LED lighting power supplies on the market. Generally, an LED lighting device includes a fixture designed around one or more LEDs, while an LED lighting power supply provides power to the LED lighting device. Current LED lighting devices are generally designed specifically for a single LED lighting power supply, resulting in incompatibility between different product lines and brands. Accordingly, there is currently very little flexibility provided to LED lighting consumers.
Additionally, while LED lighting devices offer efficiency and longevity improvements over their incandescent counterparts, LED lighting devices may also behave differently than incandescent bulbs. For example, the color temperature of the light emitted by an LED lighting device may be substantially different from that emitted by an incandescent bulb. The difference in behavior between incandescent bulbs and LED lighting devices may upset consumer expectations, thereby slowing the adoption of LED lighting products.
Accordingly, an LED lighting device is needed that is compatible with multiple LED lighting power supplies and capable of more closely imitating the characteristics of an incandescent bulb.
The present disclosure relates to a lighting device that employs an array of LEDs as a lighting source. The array of LEDs may be coupled in series between a power supply node and ground. In order to accurately determine a drive signal provided to the array of LEDs, a system controller samples the drive signal randomly or semi-randomly, and determines a moving average from each one of the samples to generate a drive signal measurement. By sampling the drive signal provided to the array of LEDs randomly or semi-randomly, inaccuracies due to synchronization of the sampling with interference in the drive signal are effectively prevented. Accordingly, an accurate measurement of the drive signal provided to the array of LEDs may be obtained.
According to one embodiment, the drive signal is a drive current through the array of LEDs. According to an additional embodiment, the drive signal is a drive voltage across the array of LEDs.
According to one embodiment, the drive signal measurement obtained by random or semi-random sampling is used to determine when the array of LEDs is being dimmed in order to adjust the color temperature of the light emitted by the array of LEDs.
According to one embodiment, a method for measuring a drive signal provided to an array of LEDs includes the steps of sampling the drive signal at random or semi-random intervals to generate a plurality of drive signal samples and determining a moving average of the plurality of drive signal samples to generate a drive signal measurement. By sampling the drive signal provided to the array of LEDs randomly or semi-randomly, inaccuracies due to synchronization of the sampling with interference in the drive signal are effectively prevented. Accordingly, an accurate measurement of the drive signal provided to the array of LEDs may be obtained.
According to one embodiment, the drive signal is a drive current through the array of LEDs. According to an additional embodiment, the drive signal is a drive voltage across the array of LEDs.
According to one embodiment, the drive signal measurement obtained by random or semi-random sampling is used to determine when the array of LEDs is being dimmed in order to adjust the color temperature of the light emitted by the array of LEDs.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description in association with the accompanying drawings.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure and illustrate the best mode of practicing the disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure.
It will be understood that relative terms such as “front,” “forward,” “rear,” “below,” “above,” “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,” or “vertical” may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element, layer or region to another element, layer or region as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
The present disclosure relates to a solid-state lighting device that is capable of accurately measuring voltage and current conditions within the lighting device. For context and ease of understanding, the following description first describes an exemplary solid-state lighting device prior to describing how the solid-state lighting device may be configured to handle over-temperature conditions. With reference to
As shown, the lighting device 10 includes a mounting structure 14 and a lens 16. The illustrated mounting structure 14 is cup-shaped and is capable of acting as a heat spreading device; however, different fixtures may include different mounting structures 14 that may or may not act as heat spreading devices. A light source (not shown), which will be described in detail further below, is mounted inside the mounting structure 14 and oriented such that light is emitted from the mounting structure 14 through the lens 16. The electronics (not shown) that are required to drive the light source are described further below. The power supply 12 is typically coupled to an alternating current (AC) source and used to provide power to the electronics of the lighting device 10. While the lighting device 10 is envisioned to be used predominantly in 4, 5, and 6 inch recessed lighting applications for industrial, commercial, and residential applications, those skilled in the art will recognize that the concepts disclosed herein are applicable to virtually any size and application.
The lens 16 may include one or more lenses that are made of clear or transparent materials, such as polycarbonate or acrylic glass or any other suitable material. As discussed further below, the lens 16 may be associated with a diffuser for diffusing the light emanating from the light source and exiting the mounting structure 14 via the lens 16. Further, the lens 16 may also be configured to shape or direct the light exiting the mounting structure 14 via the lens 16 in a desired manner.
The power supply 12 and the lighting device 10 may be modular, wherein different sizes, shapes, and types of power supplies 12 may be connected or otherwise coupled to the mounting structure 14 of the lighting device 10 using an appropriate wiring harness. While shown as being physically separate, the power supply 12 and the lighting device 10 may be integrated to form a single structure. According to one embodiment, the lighting device 10 is compatible with a variety of power supplies 12, as discussed in further detail below.
In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting structure 14 is cup-shaped and includes a sidewall 18 that extends between a bottom panel 20 at the rear of the mounting structure 14, and a rim, which may be provided by an annular flange 22 at the front of the mounting structure 14. One or more elongated slots 24 may be formed in the outside surface of the sidewall 18. There are two elongated slots 24, which extend parallel to a central axis of the lighting device 10 from the rear surface of the bottom panel 20 toward, but not completely to, the annular flange 22. The elongated slots 24 may be used for a variety of purposes, such as providing a channel for a grounding wire that is connected to the mounting structure 14 inside the elongated slot 24, connecting additional elements to the lighting device 10, or as described further below, securely attaching the lens 16 to the mounting structure 14.
The annular flange 22 may include one or more mounting recesses 26 in which mounting holes are provided. The mounting holes may be used for mounting the lighting device 10 to a mounting structure or for mounting accessories to the lighting device 10. The mounting recesses 26 provide for counter-sinking the heads of bolts, screws, or other attachment means below or into the front surface of the annular flange 22.
With reference to
The power supply electronics 28 may be used to provide power and potentially certain control signals necessary to power and control a light source module of the lighting device 10. With reference to
In the illustrated embodiment, the light source module 34 employs light emitting diodes (LEDs) and associated control electronics, which are generally mounted to a printed circuit board (PCB). Among other functions, the control electronics are configured to drive the LEDs to generate light at a desired color, intensity and color temperature. Detailed operation of the light source module 34 is provided further below. The control electronics and LEDs are shown mounted on the front side of the PCB, while the rear side of the PCB is mounted to the front surface of the bottom panel 20 of the mounting structure 14 directly or via a thermally conductive pad (not shown). In this embodiment, the thermally conductive pad has a low thermal resistivity, and therefore, efficiently transfers heat that is generated by the light source module 34 to the bottom panel 20 of the mounting structure 14.
While various mounting mechanisms are available, the illustrated embodiment employs four bolts 44 to attach the PCB of the light source module 34 to the front surface of the bottom panel 20 of the mounting structure 14. The bolts 44 screw into threaded holes provided in the front surface of the bottom panel 20 of the mounting structure 14. Notably, the shape of the PCB is shown as being square, but the shape may be rectangular, circular, oval, polygonal, or the like.
A reflector cone 36 resides within the interior chamber provided by the mounting structure 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the reflector cone 36 has a conical wall that extends between a larger front opening and a smaller rear opening. The larger front opening resides at and substantially corresponds to the dimensions of front opening in the mounting structure 14 that corresponds to the front of the interior chamber provided by the mounting structure 14. The smaller rear opening of the reflector cone 36 resides about and substantially corresponds to the size of the LED or array of LEDs provided by the light source module 34. The front surface of the reflector cone 36 is generally, but not necessarily, highly reflective in an effort to increase the overall efficiency and optical performance of the lighting device 10. In certain embodiments, the reflector cone 36 is formed from metal, paper, a polymer, or a combination thereof. In essence, the reflector cone 36 provides a mixing chamber for light emitted from the light source module 34 and may be used to help direct or control how the light exits the mixing chamber through the lens 16.
When assembled, the lens 16 is mounted on or over the annular flange 22 and may be used to hold the reflector cone 36 in place within the interior chamber of the mounting structure 14 as well as hold additional lenses and one or more planar diffusers 38 in place. In the illustrated embodiment, the lens 16 and the diffuser 38 generally correspond in shape and size to the front opening of the mounting structure 14 and are mounted such that the front surface of the lens 16 is substantially flush with the front surface of the annular flange 22. As shown in
Returning to
The degree and type of diffusion provided by the diffuser 38 may vary from one embodiment to another. Further, color, translucency, or opaqueness of the diffuser 38 may vary from one embodiment to another. A separate diffuser 38, such as that illustrated in
For LED-based applications, the light source module 34 provides an array of LEDs 50, as illustrated in
Light emitted from the array of LEDs 50 is mixed inside the mixing chamber formed by the reflector cone 36 and directed out through the lens 16 in a forward direction to form a light beam. The array of LEDs 50 of the light source module 34 may include LEDs that emit different colors of light. For example, the array of LEDs 50 may include both red LEDs that emit reddish light and blue-shifted yellow (BSY) LEDs that emit bluish-yellow light or blue-shifted green (BSG) LEDs that emit bluish-green light, wherein the red and bluish-yellow or bluish-green light is mixed to form “white” light at a desired color temperature. In certain embodiments, the array of LEDs may include a large number of red LEDs and BSY or BSG LEDs in various ratios. For example, two or three BSY or BSG LEDs may be associated with each red LED, and the total number of LEDs may be 10, 25, 50, 100, or more depending on the application.
For a uniformly colored beam, relatively thorough mixing of the light emitted from the array of LEDs 50 is desired. Both the reflector cone 36 and the diffusion provided by the diffuser 38 play significant roles in mixing the light emanated from the array of LEDs 50 of the light source module 34. In particular, certain light rays, which are referred to as non-reflected light rays, emanate from the array of LEDs 50 and exit the mixing chamber through the diffuser 38 and lens 16 without being reflected off of the interior surface of the reflector cone 36. Other light rays, which are referred to as reflected light rays, emanate from the array of LEDs 50 of the light source module 34 and are reflected off the front surface of the reflector cone 36 one or more times before exiting the mixing chamber through the diffuser 38 and the lens 16. With these reflections, the reflected light rays are effectively mixed with each other and at least some of the non-reflected light rays within the mixing chamber before exiting the mixing chamber through the diffuser 38 and the lens 16.
As noted above, the diffuser 38 functions to diffuse, and as a result, mix the non-reflected and reflected light rays as they exit the mixing chamber, wherein the mixing chamber and the diffuser 38 provide the desired mixing of the light emanated from the array of LEDs 50 of the light source module 34 to provide a light beam of a consistent and desired color. In addition to mixing light rays, the lens 16 and diffuser 38 may be designed and the reflector cone 36 shaped in a manner to control the relative concentration and shape of the resulting light beam that is projected from the lighting device 10. For example, a first lighting device 10 may be designed to provide a concentrated beam for a spotlight, wherein another may be designed to provide a widely dispersed beam for a floodlight. From an aesthetics perspective, the diffusion provided by the diffuser 38 also prevents the emitted light from looking pixelated and obstructs the ability for a user to see the individual LEDs of the array of LEDs 50.
As provided in the above embodiment, the more traditional approach to diffusion is to provide a diffuser 38 that is separate from the lens 16. As such, the lens 16 is effectively transparent and does not add any intentional diffusion. The intentional diffusion is provided by the diffuser 38. In most instances, the diffuser 38 and lens 16 are positioned next to one another as shown in
A traditional package for an LED 52 of the array of LEDs 50 is illustrated in
The reflective cup 56 may be filled with an encapsulant material 64 that encapsulates the LED chip 54. The encapsulant material 64 may be clear or contain a wavelength conversion material, such as a phosphor, which is described in greater detail below. The entire assembly is encapsulated in a clear protective resin 66, which may be molded in the shape of a lens to control the light emitted from the LED chip 54.
An alternative package for the LED 52 is illustrated in
In either of the embodiments of
As noted above, the array of LEDs 50 may include a group of BSY or BSG LEDs 52 as well as a group of red LEDs 52. BSY LEDs 52 include an LED chip 54 that emits bluish light, and the wavelength conversion material is a yellow phosphor that absorbs the blue light and emits yellowish light. Even if some of the bluish light passes through the phosphor, the resultant mix of light emitted from the overall BSY LED 52 is yellowish light. The yellowish light emitted from a BSY LED 52 has a color point that typically falls above the Black Body Locus (BBL) on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram wherein the BBL corresponds to the various color temperatures of white light. According to one embodiment, the group of BSY or BSG LEDs 52 may include one or more BSY LEDs of a first type and one or more BSY LEDs of a second type. The BSY LEDs of the first type may have a color temperature that is different from the BSY LEDs of the second type in order to emit light at a desired color temperature.
Similarly, BSG LEDs 52 include an LED chip 54 that emits bluish light; however, the wavelength conversion material is a greenish phosphor that absorbs the blue light and emits greenish light. Even if some of the bluish light passes through the phosphor, the resultant mix of light emitted from the overall BSG LED 52 is greenish light. The greenish light emitted from a BSG LED 52 typically has a color point that also falls above the BBL on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram wherein the BBL corresponds to the various color temperatures of white light.
The red LEDs 52 generally emit reddish light at a color point on the opposite side of the BBL (or below) as the yellowish or greenish light of the BSY or BSG LEDs 52. As such, the reddish light from the red LEDs 52 mixes with the yellowish or greenish light emitted from the BSY or BSG LEDs 52 to generate white light that has a desired color temperature and falls within a desired proximity of the BBL. In effect, the reddish light from the red LEDs 52 pulls the yellowish or greenish light from the BSY or BSG LEDs 52 to a desired color point on or near the BBL. Notably, the red LEDs 52 may have LED chips 54 that natively emit reddish light wherein no wavelength conversion material is employed. Alternatively, the LED chips 54 may be associated with a wavelength conversion material, wherein the resultant light emitted from the wavelength conversion material and any light that is emitted from the LED chips 54 without being absorbed by the wavelength conversion material mixes to form the desired reddish light.
The blue LED chip 54 used to form either the BSY or BSG LEDs 52 may be formed from a gallium nitride (GaN), indium gallium nitride (InGaN), silicon carbide (SiC), zinc selenide (ZnSe), or like material system. The red LED chip 54 may be formed from an aluminum indium gallium nitride (AlInGaP), gallium phosphide (GaP), aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), or like material system. Exemplary yellow phosphors include cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce), yellow BOSE (Ba, O, Sr, Si, Eu) phosphors, and the like. Exemplary green phosphors include green BOSE phosphors, Lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAg), cerium doped LuAg (LuAg:Ce), Maui M535 from Lightscape Materials, Inc. of 201 Washington Road, Princeton, N.J. 08540, and the like. The above LED architectures, phosphors, and material systems are merely exemplary and are not intended to provide an exhaustive listing of architectures, phosphors, and materials systems that are applicable to the concepts disclosed herein.
As noted, the array of LEDs 50 on the light source module 34 may include a mixture of the red LEDs 52 and either the BSY or BSG LEDs 52. As illustrated in
According to one embodiment, the drive signal is a drive current provided through the array of LEDs 50. In other embodiments, the drive signal may be a drive voltage provided across the array of LEDs 50.
The drive signal provided by the power supply 12 may also be used to power the system controller 76. In this embodiment, the voltage provided at port P1 is regulated down by the regulated DC supply 82 to a relatively fixed voltage to power the system controller 76. In operation, the drive signal provided at port P1 is generally fixed at a maximum value for a maximum intensity level and at corresponding lesser values for any given level of dimming.
Notably, the array of LEDs 50 includes a first string of series connected LEDs 86, wherein the string is coupled between port P1 and a switch S1, which is coupled to ground directly or through a current sensing resistor RS, the purpose of which is described further below. For current to flow through the first string of series connected LEDs 86 in the illustrated embodiment, the system controller 76 must close switch S1, which may be a transistor, such as a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or field-effect transistor (FET). In one embodiment, the switch S1 is an N-channel FET where the drain is coupled to the first string of series connected LEDs 86, the source is coupled to ground, and the gate is coupled to a control output of the system controller 76 and a pull down resistor R1, which is coupled to ground. As such, the N-channel FET (switch S1) is normally off (or open) absent the system controller 76 applying a positive voltage to the gate of the N-channel FET, because the resistor R1 will pull the gate of the N-channel FET to ground.
To direct current through the first string of series connected LEDs 86, the system controller 76 will cause a positive voltage to be applied to the gate of the N-channel FET. When the positive voltage is applied to the gate, the N-channel FET will turn on and effectively couple the first string of series connected LEDs 86 to ground such that current can flow through the first string of series connected LEDs 86. The flow of current from the drive signal will cause the LEDs D1-D7 in the first string of series connected LEDs 86 to emit light at an intensity that is generally proportional to the magnitude of the drive signal.
The system controller 76 may be capable of directly generating the necessary gate voltages to drive the switch S1. In the illustrated embodiment, however, the system controller 76 is further configured to provide a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to a filter network F1, which is coupled to the gate of the transistor representing switch S1. In this configuration, the filter network F1 is a low pass filter that is capable of filtering the PWM signal to provide a variable DC signal. The voltage of the DC signal directly corresponds to the duty cycle of the PWM signal provided by the system controller. As discussed further below, the system controller 76 can control the duty cycle of the PWM signal to modulate the gate voltage provided to the transistor representing switch S1 in addition to simply turning the transistor on and off to close and open the switch S1.
As noted above, the array of LEDs 50, and thus each one of the first string of series connected LEDs 86, may be of different types. In
Switches S2, S3, and S4 may be provided to effectively tune the color temperature, the intensity, or both the color temperature and intensity of the combined light emitted from the array of LEDs 50. As described below, the system controller 76 can use switch S2 to effectively control the amount of reddish light emitted from the array of LEDs 50 and can use switches S3 and S4 to effectively control the amount and type of yellowish light emitted by the array of LEDs 50.
Switch S2 is coupled across the red type LED D7 and controlled by the system controller 76. Switch S3 is coupled across the BSY type LED D5 and also controlled by the system controller 76. Switch S4 is coupled across the BSY type LED D2 and also controlled by the system controller 76. Closing the switches S2, S3, and S4 effectively provides an electrical short across the respective LEDs D7, D5, and D2, thus redirecting current around the LEDs D7, D5, and D2 through the switches S2, S3, and S4, respectively.
When switch S1 is closed and switches S2, S3, and S4 are open, current flows through the string of series connected LEDs D1-D7, including LEDs D7 and D5. If switch S2 is closed while switch S1 remains closed and switches S3 and S4 remain open, current bypasses LED D7, but still flows through LEDs D1-D6. If switch S3 is closed while switch S1 remains closed and switches S2 and S4 remain open, current bypasses LED D5, but still flows through LEDs D1-D4 and D6-D7. If switch S4 is closed while switch S1 remains closed and switches S2 and S3 remain open, current bypasses LED D2, but still flows through LEDs D1 and D3-D7. Closing switch S2 effectively turns off the red type LED D7 and reduces the amount of reddish light emitted by the array of LEDs 50. Closing switch S3 effectively turns off the BSY type LED D5 and reduces the amount of yellowish light emitted by the array of LEDs 50. Closing switch S4 effectively turns off the BSY type LED D2 and reduces the amount of yellowish light emitted by the array of LEDs 50.
In operation, the system controller 76 may drive the switches S2, S3, and S4 with individual PWM signals, each of which is effectively a series of pulses that rapidly switches the red type LED D7, the BSY type LED D5, and the BSY type LED D2 on and off while drive signal is being provided to the string of series connected LEDs D1-D7. The respective duty cycles for the PWM signals control how long the red type LED D7, the BSY type LED D5, and the BSY type LED D2 are on and off for a given cycle. As such, the duty cycle for the PWM signal that drives switch S2 controls the average intensity of reddish light emitted from the red type LED D7, and as such, controls the amount of reddish light the red type LED D7 adds to the overall light emitted from the other LEDs D1-D6. Similarly, the duty cycle for the PWM signal that drives switch S3 controls the average intensity of the yellowish light emitted from the BSY type LED D5, and as such, controls the amount of yellowish light the BSY type LED D5 adds to the overall light emitted from the other LEDs D1-D4 and D6-D7. Finally, the duty cycle for the PWM signal that drives the switch S4 controls the average intensity of the yellowish light emitted from the BSY type LED D2, and as such, controls the amount of yellowish light the BSY type LED D2 adds to the overall light emitted from the other LEDS D1 and D3-D7. While the intensity of reddish light emitted from LEDs D3 and D4 and the intensity of yellowish light emitted from LEDs D1 and D6 remain relatively constant for a given drive signal, the system controller 76 can control switches S2, S3, and S4 to individually effectively vary the intensity of the reddish light emitted from LED D7, the yellowish light emitted from LED D5, and the yellowish light emitted from LED D2, and thus the overall intensity and color temperature of the light emitted from the LEDs D1-D7 as a whole.
The switches S2, S3, and S4 may be transistors, such as BJTs or FETs. In one embodiment, switch S2 is an N-channel FET where the drain is coupled to the anode of LED D7, the source is coupled to the cathode of LED D7, and the gate is coupled to a control output of the system controller 76. Switch S3 is a P-channel FET where the drain is coupled to the anode of LED D5, the source is coupled to the cathode of LED D5, and the gate is coupled to a control output of the system controller 76. Switch S4 is a P-channel FET where the drain is coupled to the anode of LED D2, the source is coupled to the cathode of LED D2, and the gate is coupled to a control output of the system controller 76.
In order to properly operate the LEDs D1-D7, the system controller 76 may require an accurate measurement of the drive signal, which may be a drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 or a drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7. According to one exemplary embodiment, the system controller 76 may require an accurate measurement of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7 in order to determine when the LEDs D1-D7 are being dimmed. Knowing when the LEDs D1-D7 are being dimmed may allow the system controller 76 to adjust the color temperature of the light emitted by the LEDs D1-D7 to accomplish a “sunset dimming” feature, as will be discussed in further detail below.
As previously discussed, LED lighting devices may behave differently than incandescent bulbs. For example, while the color temperature of the light emitted by an incandescent bulb changes as it is dimmed, generally becoming more red, the color temperature of an LED remains constant as it is dimmed. Accordingly, in order to more closely imitate the light emitted by an incandescent bulb, it may be desirable to change the color temperature of the light emitted by the LEDS D1-D7 as they are dimmed to include more red. As discussed above, the PWM drive signal to the second switch S2, the third switch S3, and the fourth switch S4 may be altered in order to change the color temperature of the light emitted from the LEDs D1-D7 in response to the measured current. The feature of adjusting the color temperature of a solid-state lighting device as the lighting device is dimmed in order to more closely imitate the light emitted by an incandescent bulb is referred to herein as “sunset dimming”.
Additionally, an accurate measurement of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7 may be required in order to detect the occurrence of an over-current or over-voltage condition, respectively, which may cause damage to the LEDs D1-D7. Further, an accurate measurement of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7 may also allow the light source module to compensate the LEDs D1-D7 for a variety of drive currents and drive voltages, thereby offering flexibility in the power supply 12 used with the light source module 34. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the accurate measurement of a drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 or a drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7 may be required in a variety of situations, all of which are contemplated herein.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 is detected by sampling the voltage drop across the current sensing resistor RS as the current through the LEDs D1-D7 passes through the current sensing resistor RS. To reduce the additional power consumption and voltage drop induced by the current sensing resistor RS, the current sensing resistor RS may be very small, and an amplifier Al may be included to amplify the voltage drop sensed across the sensing resistor RS to a level more readily processed by the system controller 76. In order to provide an accurate representation of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D7, the drive current may be sampled randomly or semi-randomly, and a moving average may be determined from the ongoing samples. In other words, the time between each current sample may be randomized or semi-randomized, and the ongoing sample values may be used to compute an average value. Sampling the drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 randomly or semi-randomly prevents errors in the measurement of the drive current signal that may be caused by synchronization of the sampling period with the frequency of interference in the drive current signal, while computing a moving average of the samples normalizes the samples for variations caused by interference in the signal. Measuring the drive current in this way prevents the continuous sampling of the drive current at the peak or valley of an extraneous ripple signal present in the drive current signal, which might otherwise skew the drive current measurement.
The sampling of the drive current and determination of the moving average may be performed, for example, by the system controller 76. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the sampling and calculations described above may be performed by any portion of the light source module 34 without departing from the principles of the present disclosure, and may further be accomplished by an external module.
The term “semi-random”, as used herein, is used to describe the use of a pre-defined set of delays between each sample, which may vary from sample to sample for a given period of time, then repeat itself. Using a semi-random sampling technique may offer the same advantages as a random sampling, but without the processing overhead required to generate a random sampling sequence.
In addition to the drive current, the system controller 76 may also require an accurate measurement of the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7 is detected by sampling the output voltage of a voltage divider formed by a first voltage sensing resistor R2 and a second voltage sensing resistor R3. The first voltage sensing resistor R2 and the second voltage sensing resistor R3 are connected in series between port P1 and ground, with an output located between the connection point of the first voltage sensing resistor R2 and the second voltage sensing resistor R3. The voltage divider output is directly proportional to the voltage at port P1, and as such, the system controller 76 can monitor the voltage divider output and determine the actual or relative voltage at port P1.
As discussed above, sampling the drive voltage in a periodic manner may result in a skewed measurement, as the sampling period may undesirably synchronize with interference in the drive voltage signal provided at port P1. Accordingly, the drive voltage may be sampled randomly or semi-randomly, and a moving average may be calculated from the samples. As further discussed above, sampling the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7 randomly or semi-randomly prevents errors in the measurement of the drive voltage signal that may be caused by synchronization of the sampling period with the frequency of interference in the voltage signal, while computing a moving average off the samples normalizes the samples for variations caused by interference in the signal. Measuring the drive voltage in this way prevents the continuous sampling of voltage at the peak or valley of an extraneous ripple signal present in the drive voltage signal, which might otherwise skew the drive voltage measurement.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, it may be desirable to discern the type of drive signal provided at port P1 by the power supply 12. As discussed above, the light source module 34 may be used with a variety of power supplies 12, which may provide power in the form of a linear drive signal, a PWM drive signal, or some combination of the two. Because of the differences between a linear drive signal and PWM drive signal, it is imperative to discern which type of power is being delivered to the LEDs D1-D7 in order to accurately measure the drive current through the LEDs D1-D7 and/or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D7. Failing to do so may result in false positives when attempting to discern, for example, whether the LEDs D1-D7 are being turned OFF or dimmed, which may interfere with the proper operation of the light source module 34.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drive signal to the LEDs D1-D7 (provided at port P1) is sampled and stored in a cyclical buffer, such that as new samples are stored in the buffer, older samples above the capacity of the buffer are pushed out of the buffer. The cyclical buffer may be stored, for example, in the memory 84 of the system controller 76. The drive signal at port P1 may be sampled as a drive voltage, in which case the signal may be sampled at the output voltage of the voltage divider formed by the first voltage sensing resistor R2 and the second voltage sensing resistor R3, or as a drive current, in which case the signal may be sampled across the current sensing resistor RS. The samples in the cyclical buffer are then used to calculate a variance between the samples, which may be defined as the difference between the maximum value in the buffer and the minimum value in the buffer. The variance of the samples may then be used to determine whether the LEDs D1-D7 are being driven by a linear drive signal or a PWM drive signal. Specifically, if the variance of the samples in the cyclical buffer is above a predetermined threshold, it may be determined that a PWM drive signal is being used. Otherwise, it may be determined that a linear drive signal is being used. In some cases, it may be determined that a PWM drive signal is used to drive the LEDs D1-D7 at a first level, while a linear drive signal is used to drive the LEDs D1-D7 at a second level.
According to one embodiment, the samples stored in the cyclical buffer correspond to the length of the longest PWM period that is expected to be delivered to the array of LEDs 50. Further, the sampling of the drive current or the drive voltage may be performed randomly or semi-randomly to avoid synchronization with interference in the input drive signal, as discussed above.
The sampling of the drive signal and subsequent calculations may be accomplished, for example, by the system controller 76. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the sampling and calculations described above may be performed by any portion of the light source module 34 without departing from the principles of the present disclosure, and may further be accomplished by an external module.
The determination of the type of drive signal provided to the LEDs D1-D7 may allow for accurate prediction of certain events, for example, when the LEDs D1-D7 are being turned off or dimmed. For example, while the amplitude of a linear drive signal declines as the LEDs D1-D7 are being turned off, a PWM drive signal will generally fall to zero many times within a given period, which may elicit false positives regarding whether or not the LEDs D1-D7 are being shut off. Determining the type of drive signal provided to the LEDs D1-D7 may thus allow the light source module 34 to accurately predict when the LEDs D1-D7 are being turned off regardless of the type of power supply 12 used.
According to one embodiment, the communication port 78 is used to deliver information through one port of the system controller 76. This port is initially configured as an input. However, if an event occurs which requires notification to an external source, the system controller 76 may reconfigure the port to an output and set one or more logical bits indicating the occurrence of the event. As such, an investigator may simply analyze the output of the communication port 78 to determine the status of the light source module 34.
According to one embodiment, the temperature sensor 80 is used to monitor the temperature of, at, or proximate to the light source module 34 in an effort to identify over-temperature conditions which may degrade the performance and longevity of the light source module 34.
According to one embodiment, the first DC-DC converter 88 and the second DC-DC converter 90 are buck converters. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the first DC-DC converter 88 and the second DC-DC converter 90 may be any type of DC-DC converter capable of regulating the drive current through and/or the drive voltage across the second string of series connected LEDs 92 and the third string of series connected LEDs 94, respectively.
According to one embodiment, the first string of series connected
LEDs 86 includes LEDs D1-D7, which are BSY LEDs of a first type (BSY1), the second string of series connected LEDs 92 includes LEDs D8-D14, which are BSY LEDs of a second type (BSY2), and the third string of series connected LEDs 94 includes LEDs D15-D21, which are red LEDs. By varying the amount of current through each one of the first string of series connected LEDs 86, the second string of series connected LEDs 92, and the third string of series connected LEDs 94, the color temperature of the light emitted by the array of LEDs 50 can be adjusted.
As discussed above, in order to properly operate the LEDs D1-D21, the system controller 76 may require an accurate measurement of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D21 or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D21. According to one exemplary embodiment, the system controller 76 may require an accurate measurement of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D21 or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D21 in order to determine when the LEDs D1-D21 are being dimmed. Knowing when the LEDs D1-D21 are being dimmed may allow the system controller 76 to adjust the color temperature of the light emitted by the LEDs D1-D21 to accomplish a “sunset dimming” feature, as will be discussed in further detail below.
As previously discussed, LED lighting devices may behave differently than incandescent bulbs. For example, while the color temperature of the light emitted by an incandescent bulb changes as it is dimmed, generally becoming more red, the color temperature of an LED remains constant as it is dimmed. Accordingly, in order to more closely imitate the light emitted by an incandescent bulb, it may be desirable to change the color temperature of the light emitted by the LEDs D1-D21 as they are dimmed to include more red. As discussed above, the control signals to the first switch S1, the first DC-DC converter 88, and the second DC-DC converter 90 may be altered in order to change the color temperature of the light emitted from the LEDs D1-D21 in response to the measured current. As discussed above, the feature of adjusting the color temperature of a solid-state lighting device as the lighting device is dimmed in order to more closely imitate the light emitted by an incandescent bulb is referred to herein as “sunset dimming”.
Additionally, an accurate measurement of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D21 or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D21 may be required in order to detect the occurrence of an over-current or over-voltage condition, respectively, which may cause damage to the LEDs D1-D21. Further, an accurate measurement of the drive current through the LEDs D1-D21 or the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D21 may also allow the light source module 34 to compensate the LEDs D1-D21 for a variety of drive currents and voltages, thereby offering flexibility in the power supply 12 used with the light source module 34. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the accurate measurement of a drive current through the LEDs D1-D21 or a drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D21 may be required in a variety of situations, all of which are contemplated herein.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drive current through the LEDs D1-D21 is detected by sampling the voltage drop across the current sensing resistor RS as the current through the LEDs D1-D21 passes through the current sensing resistor RS. To reduce the additional power consumption and voltage drop induced by the current sensing resistor RS, the current sensing resistor RS may be very small, and an amplifier Al may be included to amplify the voltage drop sensed across the sensing resistor RS to a level more readily processed by the system controller 76. In order to provide an accurate representation of the current through the LEDs D1-D21, the drive current may be sampled randomly or semi-randomly, and a moving average may be calculated off the ongoing samples. In other words, the time between each current sample may be randomized or semi-randomized, and the ongoing sample values may be used to compute an average value. Sampling the drive current through the LEDs D1-D21 randomly or semi-randomly prevents errors in the measurement of the drive current signal that may be caused by synchronization of the sampling period with the frequency of interference in the drive current signal, while computing a moving average of the samples normalizes the samples for variations caused by interference in the signal. Measuring the drive current in this way prevents the continuous sampling of the drive current at the peak or valley of an extraneous ripple signal present in the drive current signal, which might otherwise skew the drive current measurement.
The sampling of the drive current and calculation of the moving average may be performed, for example, by the system controller 76. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the sampling and calculations described above may be performed by any portion of the light source module 34 without departing from the principles of the present disclosure, and may further be accomplished by an external module.
In addition to the drive current, the system controller 76 may also require an accurate measurement of the drive voltage across the LEDs D1-D21. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage across the LEDs D1-D21 is detected by sampling the output voltage of the voltage divider formed by the first voltage sensing resistor R2 and the second voltage sensing resistor R3. Because the voltage divider output is directly proportional to the voltage at port P1, the system controller 76 can monitor the voltage divider output and determine the actual or relative voltage at port P1.
As discussed above, sampling the drive voltage in a periodic manner may result in a skewed measurement, as the sampling period may undesirably synchronize with interference in the voltage signal provided at port P1.
Accordingly, the drive voltage may be sampled randomly or semi-randomly, and a moving average may be calculated of the samples. As further discussed above, sampling the voltage across the LEDs D1-D21 randomly or semi-randomly prevents errors in the measurement of the drive voltage signal that may be caused by the synchronization of the sampling period with the frequency of interference in the current signal, while computing a moving average of the samples normalizes the samples for variations caused by interference in the signal. Measuring the drive voltage in this way prevents the continuous sampling of the drive voltage at the peak or valley of an extraneous ripple present in the drive voltage signal, which may otherwise skew the drive voltage measurement.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, it may be desirable to discern the type of drive signal provided at port P1 by the power supply 12. As discussed above, the light source module 34 may be used with a variety of power supplies 12, which may provide power in the form of a linear drive signal, a PWM drive signal, or some combination of the two. Because of the differences between a linear drive signal and PWM drive signal, it is imperative to discern which type of power is being delivered to the LEDs D1-D21 in order to accurately measure the current through the LEDs D1-D21 and the voltage across the LEDs D1-D21. Failing to do so may result in false positives when attempting to discern, for example, whether the LEDs D1-D21 are being turned OFF or dimmed, which may interfere with the proper operation of the light source module 34.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drive signal to the LEDs D1-D21 (provided at port P1) is sampled and stored in a cyclical buffer, such that as new samples are stored in the buffer, older samples above the capacity of the buffer are pushed out of the buffer. The cyclical buffer may be stored, for example, in the memory 84 of the system controller 76. The drive signal at port P1 may be sampled as a drive voltage, in which case the signal may be sampled at the output voltage of the voltage divider formed by the first voltage sensing resistor R2 and the second voltage sensing resistor R3, or as a drive current, in which case the signal may be sampled across the current sensing resistor RS. The samples in the cyclical buffer are then used to calculate a variance between the samples, which may be defined as the difference between the maximum value in the buffer and the minimum value in the buffer. The variance of the samples may then be used to determine whether the LEDs D1-D21 are being driven by a linear drive signal or a PWM drive signal. Specifically, if the variance of the samples in the cyclical buffer is above a predetermined threshold, it may be determined that a PWM drive signal is being used. Otherwise, it may be determined that a linear drive signal is being used. In some cases, it may be determined that a PWM drive signal is used to drive the LEDs D1-D21 at a first level, while a linear drive signal is used to drive the LEDs D1-D21 at a second level.
According to one embodiment, the samples stored in the cyclical buffer correspond to the length of the longest PWM period that is expected to be delivered to the array of LEDs 50. Further, the sampling of current or voltage may be performed randomly or semi-randomly to avoid synchronization with interference in the drive signal, as discussed above.
The sampling of the drive signal and subsequent calculations may be accomplished, for example, by the system controller 76. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the sampling and calculations described above may be performed by any portion of the light source module 34 without departing from the principles of the present disclosure, and may further be accomplished by an external module.
The determination of the type of drive signal provided to the LEDs D1-D21 may allow for accurate prediction of certain events, for example, when the LEDs D1-D21 are being turned off or dimmed. For example, while the amplitude of a linear drive signal declines as the LEDs D1-D21 are being turned off, a PWM drive signal will generally fall to zero many times within a given period, which may elicit false positives regarding whether or not the LEDs D1-D21 are being shut off. Determining the type of drive signal provided to the LEDs D1-D21 may thus allow the light source module 34 to accurately predict when the LEDs D1-D21 are being turned off regardless of the type of power supply 12 used.
Accurately determining when the LEDs D1-D21 are shutting off may be important, as the behavior of the light source module 34 may behave undesirably as the input drive signal from a linear power supply 12 falls below a threshold value. As discussed above, the third string of series connected LEDs 94 contains a plurality of red LEDs D15-D21, which may have a lower barrier voltage than the BSY LEDs D1-D14. Accordingly, if a linear drive signal is used to power the LEDs D1-D21, the BSY LEDs D1-D14 may shut off when the voltage drops below a certain threshold, while the red LEDs D15-D21 may remain on, resulting in the production of purely red light for some period of time. By using the method described above to detect the type of drive signal provided to the LEDs D1-D21, the system controller 76 can detect when the LEDs D1-D21 are being shut off regardless of the type of power supply 12 used, and cut power to each one of the first string of series connected LEDS 86, the second string of series connected LEDs 92, and the third string of series connected LEDS 94 so that all of the LEDs D1-D21 shut off at the same time.
