TREA

Solvent and method of making a solvent

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Information

  • Patent Application
  • 20080096787
  • Publication Number
    20080096787
  • Date Filed
    October 24, 2006
    18 years ago
  • Date Published
    April 24, 2008
    16 years ago
Information
Abstract
A method of manufacturing a solvent from rubber tires includes a heated enclosure 66 through the heated a flow line with a temperature gradient of at least 150 F.°, and a rotary drum 74 in fluid communication with the flow line and condenser units 94, 98 to receive vapors output hydrocarbons. The solvent contains a high percent by weight of both limonene and naphthalene.
Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS


FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a suitable system for producing the solvent.





DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

A process as described below produces a multi-component solvent from tire scrap rubber. The liquid product or solvent is produced along with carbon black solids and gas. The gas may be used in the process to heat the reactor and/or may be sold. The solvent is a complex component mixture compared to competitive products produced from petroleum. The process thermatically and metallurgically reforms the constituents and binders of rubber and reforms them into the solvent. The high percentage of limonene and naphthalene in the solvent is the result of reformation of the rubber constituents.


The following detailed analysis of the solvent shows over 290 components with significant levels of limonene, napthalenes, toluene and xylenes. The solvent may be further refined to produce a wide range of valuable commodity products. The multi-component and heavy aromatic composition of the product is unique. The solvent has a vast potential for treating paraffin and asphaltene problems in oilfield production, pipeline and tank bottom stimulation applications.















Compound
MW
CAS No.
% Range


















Propylene
42.1
115-07-1
<1


Propane
44.1
74-98-6
<1


Isobutylene
56.1
115-11-7
<1


Butane
58.1
106-97-8
<1


Methyl Mercaptan
48.2
74-93-1
<1


3-Methyl-1-butene
70.1
563-45-1
<1


Isopentane
72.1
78-78-4
<1


2-Methyl-1-butene
70.1
563-46-2
<1


Isoprene
68.1
78-79-5
<1


t-2-Pentene
70.1
627-20-3
<1


Cyclopentadiene
66.1
542-92-7
<1


C5H8
68.1
18631-83-9
<1


C6H12
84.1
558-37-2
<1


3-Methylpentane
86.1
96-14-0
<1


1-Hexene
84.1
592-41-6
<1


C6H12
84.1
760-21-4
<1


t-4-MethyI-2-pentene
84.1
674-76-0
<1


t-3-Methyl-2-pentene
84.1
616-12-6
<1


3-Metylcyclopentene
82.1
1120-62-3
<1


c-3-Methyl-2-pentene
84.1
922-62-3
<1


Methylcyclopentane
84.1
96-37-7
<1


t-2-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene
82.1
926-54-5
<1


C6H8
80.1
592-57-4
<1


1,3-Cyclohexadiene
80.1
592-48-3
<1


C6H10
82.1
592-48-3
<1


Benzene
78.1
71-43-2
<1


1,4-Cyclohexadiene
80.1
628-41-1
<1


3-Methylhexane
100.1
589-34-4
<1


Cyclohexene
82.1
110-83-8
<1


t-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane
98.1
822-50-4
<1


1-Heptene
100.1
142-82-5
<1


C7H12
96.1
999-78-0
<1


c-3-Methyl-2-hexene
98.1
10574-36-4
<1


1,5-Dimethylcyclopentene
96.1
16491-15-9
<1


C7H14
98.1
10574-37-5
<1


5,5-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene
94.1
4125-18-2
<1


Methylcyclohexene
96.1
591-49-1
<1


Ethylcyclopentane
98.1
1640-89-7
<1


Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK)
100.1
108-10-1
<1


Methyl-t-1,3,5-hexatriene
94.1
24587-26-6
<1


C7H10
94.1
4313-57-9
<1


1,3-Dimethylcyclopentadiene
94.1
4784-86-5
<1


1,5-Dimethylcyclopentene
96.1
16491-15-9
<1


3-Ethylcyclopentene
96.1
694-35-9
<1


Methyl-t-1,3,5-hexatriene
94.1
19264-50-7
<1


2-Methylheptane
114.1
592-27-8
<1


Toluene
92.1
108-88-3
2–6


Methylcyclohexene
96.1
591-49-1
<1


1,3-Cycloheptadiene
94.1
4054-38-0
<1


4-Methyl-1,4-Hexadiene
96.1
1116-90-1
<1


C8H16
112.1
2207-04-7
<1


C7H12O
112.1
4541-32-6
<1


1-Octene
112.1
111-66-0
<1


Octane
114.1
111-65-9
<1


Vinylcyclohexane
110.1
695-12-5
<1


C8H12
108.1
2809-84-9
<1


C8H16
112.1
2207-03-6
<1


4-Ethylcyclohexene
110.1
3742-42-5
<1


C8H12
108.1
4430-91-5
<1


c-2-Octene
112.1
7642-04-8
<1


C8H14
110.1
29253-64-3
<1


Isopropylcyclopentene
110.1
1462-07-3
<1


C8H14
110.1
1000142-17-5
<1


Dimethylcyclohexene
110.1
56021-63-7
<1


Dimethylcyclohexene
110.1
70688-47-0
<1


C9H14
122.1
37439-53-5
<1


Trimethylcyclohexane
126.1
3073-66-3
<1


C8H12
108.1
4430-91-5
<1


C9H14
122.1
4249-12-1
<1


C8H12
108.1
83615-96-7
<1


Tetrahydromethylthiophene
102.2
1795-09-1
<1


C9H16
124.1
37050-05-8
<1


C8H12
108.1
818-48-4
<1


C9H16
124.1
61142-34-5
<1


Ethylbenzene
106.1
100-41-4
1–4


C8H12
108.1
1000192-48-8
<1


C9H16
124.1
20184-89-8
<1


m-Xylene
106.1
108-38-3
1–4


p-Xylene
106.1
106-42-3
<1


C8H12
108.1
1000150-54-4
<1


Dimethylthiophene
112.2
638-00-6
<1


C8H12O
124.1
1767-84-6
<1


Dimethylthiophene
112.2
632-16-6
<1


Styrene
104.1
100-42-5
<1


o-Xylene
106.1
95-47-6
1–2


C9H18
126.1
6434-78-2
<1


C8H10O
122.1
2220-40-8
<1


C8H12
108.1
72347-62-7
<1


C9H14
122.1
1000196-61-0
<1


C9H14
122.1
1000162-25-6
<1


Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
136.1
4045-44-7
<1


C9H16
124.1
4634-87-1
<1


Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
120.1
98-82-8
<1


C10H18
138.1
3983-03-7
<1


C10H16
136.1
1000163-57-0
<1


Propylcyclohexene
124.1
2539-75-5
<1


C10H16
136.1
99-85-4
<1


C10H18
138.1
7712-74-5
<1


C8H12O
124.1
1000196-10-0
<1


C10H18
138.1
5256-65-5
<1


C10H16
136.1
42123-66-0
<1


2-Propenylbenzene
118.1
300-57-2
<1


C9H14O
138.1
100144-30-7
<1


C10H18
138.1
20536-41-8
<1


C10H16
136.1
61141-57-9
<1


Propylbenzene
120.1
103-65-1
<1


1-Decene
140.1
872-05-9
<1


C10H16
136.1
5989-54-8
<1


Ethyltoluene isomer
120.1
622-96-8
1–2


Ethyltoluene isomer
120.1
620-14-4
1–2


1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
120.1
108-67-8
<1


C10H16
136.1
74663-83-5
<1


Aniline
93.1
62-53-3
<1


Ethyltoluene isomer
120.1
611-14-3
<1


Alpha-Methylstyrene
118.1
98-83-9
<1


C10H16
136.1
7216-56-0
<1


C10H18
138.1
33501-88-1
<1


C10H18
138.1
31222-43-2
<1


1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
120.1
95-63-6
1–3


C10H18
138.1
74630-29-8
1–2


C10H16
136.1
18172-67-3
<1


C9H14
122.1
37439-53-5
<1


C10H18
138.1
61228-10-2
<1


C10H16
136.1
33622-26-3
<1


2-Caren (C10H16)
136.1
1000149-94-6
<1


1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
120.1
526-73-8
1–2


Isopropyltoluene isomer
134.1
527-84-4
1–4


Limonene
136.1
5989-27-5
10–25


Indane
118.1
496-11-7
<1


Beta-Pinene
136.1
127-91-3
<1


Indene
116.1
95-13-6
<1


Diethylbenzene isomer
134.1
141-93-5
<1


Propyltoluene isomer
134.1
1074-43-7
<1


2-Methylphenol
108.1
95-48-7
<1


Diethylbenzene isomer
134.1
135-01-3
1–2


1-Methylpropylbenzene
134.1
135-98-8
<1


4-Methylphenol
108.1
106-44-5
<1


Dimethylethylbenzene
134.1
934-80-5
<1


Isopropyltoluene isomer
134.1
99-87-6
<1


2-Propenyltoluene
132.1
1587-04-8
<1


Dimethylethylbenzene
134.1
933-98-2
<1


4-Carene (C10H16)
136.1
29050-33-7
<1


Isopropyltoluene isomer
134.1
535-77-3
<1


Isopropenyltoluene isomer
132.1
1195-32-0
1–2


Dimethylstyrene isomer
132.1
2039-89-6
<1


Isobutyltoluene isomer
148.1
5161-04-6
<1


sec-butyltoluene isomer
148.1
1595-16-0
<1


1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
134.1
95-93-2
<1


1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene
134.1
488-23-3
<1


2-Propenyltoluene
132.1
3333-13-9
<1


C11H14
146.1
97664-18-1
<1


Dimethylstyrene isomer
132.1
2234-20-0
<1


C11H16
148.1
4706-89-2
<1


Methylindane isomer
132.1
824-22-6
<1


Methylindane isomer
132.1
767-58-8
<1


Methylindene isomer
130.1
2177-47-1
<1


Methylindene isomer
130.1
767-59-9
<1


Methylindene isomer
130.1
767-60-2
<1


C10H10
130.1
2288-18-8
<1


Methylbenzyl Alcohol isomer
122.1
89-95-2
<1


C10H10
130.1
15677-15-3
<1


C11H16
148.1
2049-95-8
<1


C11H14
146.1
56253-64-6
<1


C11H14
146.1
6682-71-9
<1


Naphthalene
128.1
91-20-3
<1


C11H14
146.1
17059-48-2
<1


1-Dodecene
168.2
112-41-4
<1


Dimethylindane isomer
146.1
17057-82-8
<1


C6-Alkylbenzene
162.1
55669-88-0
<1


C6-Alkylthiophene
168.3
54411-06-2
<1


C6-Alkylbenzene
162.1
102-25-0
<1


C11H14
146.1
53172-84-2
<1


Benzothiazole
135.1
95-16-9
1–2


Methyltetralin
146.1
2809-64-5
<1


Trimethylindane isomer
160.1
40650-41-7
<1%


Trimethylindane isomer
160.1
2613-76-5
<1


Ethylindene
144.1
17059-50-6
<1


Dimethylindane isomer
146.1
6682-71-9
<1


Dimethylindene isomer
144.1
2177-48-2
<1


Dimethylindene isomer
144.1
4773-82-4
<1


Dimethylindene isomer
144.1
18636-55-0
<1


Methyldihydronaphthalene
144.1
2717-44-4
<1


C12H14
158.1
1605-18-1
<1


1-Tridecene
182.2
2437-56-1
<1


Dimethyltetralin isomer
160.1
25419-33-4
<1


Tridecane
184.2
629-50-5
<1


Methylbenzothiazole
149.1
120-75-2
<1


2-Methylnaphthalene
142.1
91-57-6
<1


Trimethylindene isomer
158.1
4773-83-5
<1


Trimethylindene isomer
158.1
2177-45-9
<1


C13H20
176.2
1595-03-5
<1


1-Methylnaphthalene
142.1
90-12-0
<1


C12H16
160.1
14679-13-1
<1


Dimethyltetralin isomer
160.1
4175-54-6
<1


Trimethylindane isomer
160.1
54340-88-4
<1


Dimethyltetralin isomer
160.1

<1


Trimethylindene isomer
158.1

<1


Trimethylindene isomer
158.1

<1


Trimethylindene isomer
158.1

<1


Trimethylindene isomer
158.1

<1


Biphenyl
154.1
92-52-4
<1


1-Tetradecene
196.2
1120-36-1
<1


Dimethylbenzothiophene
162.3
16587-48-7
<1


Tetradecane
198.2
629-59-4
<1


Ethylnaphthalene
156.1
1127-76-0
<1


Dimethylnaphthalene
156.1
571-61-9
<1


Dimethylnaphthalene
156.1
582-16-1
<1


Dimethylnaphthalene
156.1
575-41-7
<1


Dimethylnaphthalene
156.1
573-98-8
1–2


C9-Alkylthiophene
210.3
5206-09-7
<1


Dimethylquinoline
157.1
877-43-0
<1


C15H24
204.2
470-40-6
<1


C10H18
138.1
74630-29-8
<1


Dimethylnaphthalene
156.1
581-42-0
<1


C15H26
206.2
1000156-14-5
<1


C15H22
202.2
644-30-4
<1


C15H22
202.2
16982-00-6
<1


Methylbiphenyl
168.1
644-08-6
<1


Pentadecane
212.3
629-62-9
<1


Methylbiphenyl
168.1
643-58-3
<1


Trimethylnaphthalene
170.1
2245-38-7
<1


C15H26
206.2
13567-54-9
<1


Trimethylnaphthalene
170.1
829-26-5
<1


Trimethylnaphthalene
170.1
2131-42-2
<1


Trimethylnaphthalene
170.1
2131-41-1
1–2


Trimethylazulene
170.1
941-81-1
<1


Dimethylbiphenyl
182.1
605-39-0
<1


C14H16
184.1
490-65-3
<1


1-Hexadecene
224.3
629-73-2
<1


C3-Alkylbenzothiophene
190.3
18428-05-2
<1


Hexadecane
226.3
544-76-3
<1


Dimethylbiphenyl
182.1
612-75-9
<1


Isopropenylnaphthalene
168.1
1855-47-6
<1


2-Methylthibenzothiazole
181.4
615-22-5
<1


1,1-Diphenylhydrazine
184.1
530-50-7
<1


Tetramethylnaphthalene
184.1
3031-15-0
<1


Triethylacetophenone
204.2
2715-54-0
<1


1,3-Diphenylpropane
196.1
1081-75-0
<1


Benzothiazolone
151.2
934-34-9
<1


Tetramethylnaphthalene
184.1

<1


C5-Alkylnaphthalene
198.1
483-78-3
<1


C4-Alkylbenzothiophene
190.1
18428-05-2
<1


1-Heptadecene
238.3
6765-39-5
<1


Tetramethylnaphthalene
184.1

<1


Heptadecane
240.3
629-78-7
<1


C13H20O
184.1
613-37-6
<1


Methylfluorene
180.1
1430-97-3
<1


Methylfluorene
180.1
1556-99-6
<1


Methylfluorene
180.1
1730-37-6
<1


Tetramethylnaphthalene
184.1

<1


Diphenylamine
183.1
552-82-9
<1


Dimethylbiphenyl
182.1
611-43-8
<1


Dimethylbiphenyl
182.1
611-61-0
<1


C3-Alkylbiphenyl
196.1
7116-95-2
<1


Dimethylbiphenyl
182.1
613-33-2
<1


1-Octadecene
252.3
112-88-9
<1


Octadecane
254.3
593-45-3
<1


Phenanthrene
178.1
85-01-8
<1


Anthracene
178.1
120-12-7
<1


Methyldihydroanthracene
194.1
948-67-4
<1


Dimethylfluorene
194.1
4612-63-9
<1


Alpha-Methylstilbene
194.1
833-81-8
<1


C14H24
192.2
1000149-59-0
<1


C15H16
196.1
28122-28-3
<1


C15H16
196.1
620-85-9
<1


C15H16
196.1
28122-27-2
<1


Phenylnaphthalene
204.1
605-02-7
<1


C3-Alkylbiphenyl
196.1
20282-30-8
<1


1-Nonadecene
266.3
18435-45-5
<1


Nonadecane
268.3
629-92-5
<1


Methylanthracene
192.1
610-48-0
<1


Methylanthracene
192.1
779-02-2
<1


C16H16
208.1
2919-20-2
<1


Methylanthracene
192.1
613-12-7
<1


Hexadecanoic Acid
256.2
57-10-3
<1


Phenylnaphthalene
204.1
35465-71-5
<1


Dimethylphenanthrene
206.1
3674-69-9
<1


C19H28
256.2
1000197-14-1
<1


Dimethylanthracene
206.1
781-43-1
<1


Dimethylphenanthrene
206.1
1576-67-6
<1


Dimethylphenanthrene
206.1
1576-69-8
<1


Butylated Hydroxytoluene
220.2
128-37-0
<1


Fluoranthene
202.1
206-44-0
<1


Heneicosane
296.3
629-94-7
<1


Hexadecanenitrile
251.3
5399-02-0
<1


2-Propenylanthracene
218.1
23707-65-5
<1


Diisopropylbiphenyl
238.2
69009-90-1
<1


Pyrene
202.1
129-00-0
<1


Trimethylphenanthrene
220.1
3674-73-5
<1


Docosane
310.4
629-97-0
<1


C4-Alkylphenanthrene
234.1
483-65-8
<1


Tricosane
324.4
638-67-5
<1


Tetracosane
338.4
646-31-1
<1


Chrysene
228.1
218-01-9
<1


Pentacosane
352.4
629-99-2
<1


Benz[a]anthracene
228.1
56-55-3
<1









As discussed above, the multi-component mixture of the solvent enables it to dissolve the entire spectrum of waxes and asphaltene deposits. The solvent includes a large percentage of unsaturates and aromatics, which give the solvent the ability to maintain solids in suspension for extended periods of time compared to other solvents. Once a paraffin substance is treated, the paraffins are not likely to recombine due to unsaturates molecular structure that creates an ionic repulsion effect.


The solvent also has the ability to stay bonded to metallic surfaces for extended periods of time. This characteristic further enhances the solvent's ability to be a lubricant as well which further separates the solvent from other produced solvents.


A summary of the lab analysis on a solvents manufactured by this technique follows, with percentages expressed as a weight percent.


1. Content of light (gas) non-alkane hydrocarbons (C1 to C5)=2.5%


The content of these light hydrocarbons may vary from less than 1% to about 4%, depending on operating parameters for the process. Although a low percentage of light hydrocarbons thus will typically be present in a solvent manufactured in this manner, the light hydrocarbons are not considered particularly important in satisfying the solvent's ability to dissolve waxes and paraffins. The C1-C5 hydrocarbon materials are not considered significant to the desired solvent characteristics. These light hydrocarbons could be removed from the solvent by conventional techniques.


2. Total content of C6 to C25=about 96% to 99.5%

    • Of which about 12.8% by weight of the solvent was LIMONENE
    • Of which 9.5% by weight of the solvent was NAPHTHALENES


The weight percentage of limonene and the percentage of naphthalenes are particularly significant, and it is believed that their combination increases the effectiveness of the solvent when both the limonene and the naphthalenes have a significant weight percentage. The percentage of limonene may be 6% or more, and preferably in the range of from 8% to 25%. The percentage of naphthalenes may be 6% or more, and in the range of from 8% to 14%. In more preferred embodiments, the weight percentage of limonene in the solvent may be about 10%, and the weight percentage of naphthalenes in the solvent may also be about 10%.


The term “limonene” as used herein refers to dl-limonene, which is also referred to as dipentene. The term “naphthalenes” as used herein broadly refers to any of the chemical components having a hydrocarbon chain based upon C10H8 molecules, and includes methyldihydronaphthalene (C11), 2-methylnaphthalene (C11), 1-methylnaphthalene (C11), dimethylnaphthalene (C12), trimethylnaphthalene (C13), isopropenylnaphthalene (C13), tetramethylnaphthalene (C14), C5-alkylnaphthalene (C15), and phenylnaphthalene (C16). The term “C10” as used herein means chemical components with a carbon number of 10, and includes limonene and some of the naphthalenes. Similarly, the terms “C6”, “C7”, “C8”, “C9”, “C11” and “C12” mean chemical components with a carbon number of 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12, respectively.


3. The breakdown of the C6's through C12's are as follows:



















C6
at least 1%
(Carbon Number = 6)



C7
at least 3%
(Carbon Number = 7)



C8
at least 6%
(Carbon Number = 8)



C9
at least 12%
(Carbon Number = 9)



C10
at least 5%
(Carbon Number = 10)



C11
at least 6%
(Carbon Number = 11)



C12
at least 6%
(Carbon Number = 12)



C13
at least 3%
(Carbon Number = 13)



C14
at least 1%
(Carbon Number = 14)



C15
at least 2%
(Carbon Number = 15)










From the above, it should be understood that each of the C6 hydrocarbon materials, the C7 hydrocarbon materials, the C8 hydrocarbon materials and the C9 hydrocarbon materials comprise at least 25% by weight of the solvent. Also, the C10 hydrocarbon materials also comprise at least 25% by weight of the solvent. The majority of the C10 constituents are from the limonene. C10 hydrocarbons weight percentage is preferably in excess of 20% of the solvent by weight. C6 and C7 hydrocarbons also comprise a significant percent by weight of the solvent, and both the C6 and C7 materials may be by weight at least 2% and 3%, respectively, for most applications.


A relatively low amount of C6 hydrocarbon materials, e.g., from 1-3% by weight of the solvent, may be present, although there may be applications where it is preferred to significantly reduce or eliminate these materials from the solvent, along with the removal of the light C1-C5 hydrocarbon materials, as discussed above.


Percentage by weight of hydrocarbon materials drops significantly after the C10 materials. In a preferred embodiment, the solvent may include from 6-8% by weight C-11 hydrocarbon materials, and may also include from 6-9% by weight C12 hydrocarbon materials. For numbers higher than C12, the percentage by weight again is reduced, and from 3-6% by weight of the solvent may be C13 hydrocarbon materials and from 1-4% by weight may be C14 hydrocarbon materials. The solvent may include from 2-6% by weight C15 hydrocarbon materials, and from 2-6% by weight C16-C25 hydrocarbon materials. In one embodiment, the solvent preferably comprises by weight at least 5% C-10 through C-25 hydrocarbon materials.


The breakout of the C13 and larger carbon chains is more difficult to determine, since many constituents of these larger chains are not easily identifiable with their C—H makeup. From the above, these C13 and larger chains comprise about 15% or less of the solvent.












Physical Properties
















Appearance:
Brown Liquid


Viscosity @ 100 Degrees F.:
2.1, cSt


Boiling Point Range:
40 Degrees C. (IBP)–200 Degrees C.


Specific Gravity @ 60 Degrees F.:
0.9195


API Gravity @ 69 Degrees F.:
22.3 Degrees F.


Flash Point, PM:
69 Degrees F.


Freezing Point:
<−5 Degrees F.









According to the method of manufacturing a solvent from waste tires, an enclosure may be provided having an interior chamber and a plurality of baffles. Tire particles may be input to the heated enclosure and move along a flow line positioned with respect to the plurality of baffles to provide a temperature gradient along the flow line of at least 150° F., thereby producing hydrocarbon vapors and residual solids. The drum in fluid communication with the flow line is rotated for receiving the tire particles and residual solids from the flow line, with the drum having an interior temperature of from 730° F. to 800° F. for generating hydrocarbon vapors and carbon black solids. The vapors from the flow line of the drum are condensed, and the output includes liquid hydrocarbons from the condenser and gas including hydrocarbons from the condenser. A selected vacuum of at least 5 inches of water is maintained, such that hydrocarbon vapors are drawn from the flow line into the condenser. Solvent may be extracted from the liquids output from the condenser. In many cases, a useful solvent may be generated simply by separating the hydrocarbon materials from water, so that the water is discharged or returned back to the system, with the remaining solvent serving the highly useful purposes as disclosed herein.


At least a portion of the gas produced may be input into a burner within the enclosure to reduce the fuel cost to the system. Fuel to the burner may specifically be controlled as a function of the measured drum temperature. In a preferred embodiment, the flow line extends in one axial direction, and in a substantially opposing axial direction within the chamber. Carbon black solids may be discharged from the drum.


In a preferred embodiment, steam is input to the drum at a temperature of greater than 800° F. The rotary drum is heated to an interior temperature of from 730° F. to 800° F. for generating hydrocarbon vapors and carbon black solids. Preferably a drum magnet may be used to remove metal particles from the rubber particles prior to the material entering the heated chamber.



FIG. 1 illustrates the primary components of the system in schematic form. Material from the conveyor 12 thus passes upward through the vertical auger 30, through the double-dump valve 34, and through the conveyor 62 into the heated enclosure 66. Carbon black discharged from the enclosure is passed through the vertical auger 84 and may then be packaged for sale.


Hydrocarbons discharged from the heated enclosure 66 pass to the condensing column 94, with gas continuing to the water tube condenser 98, and are then input by a cyclone pump to a demister, and finally to a gas chiller. A liquid ring with a vacuum pump may be spaced fluidly between the fragmentator and the gas chiller. Other than the gas released through an emergency flare, gas from the chiller may be input to a gas accumulator, and to a gas electrical generator. Some of the gas may be returned to the heated enclosure, and other gas may pass to the boiler. Produced hydrocarbons may thus be recovered in holding tank 102, and may be passed to a burner 104 within the heated enclosure 66 to generate heat. The system may thus primarily run on its own produced gas once the reaction starts to occur.


A water condenser is provided with internal coils preferably fabricated from stainless steel. Water may be treated with a water softening system and will be continuously circulated through a water chiller while flowing through the condenser to maintain a constant temperature and reduce the rate of corrosion. The water softener may be used to input water to the liquid isolation chamber, and also the waste heat boiler. Steam from the boiler may be input to the heated enclosure 66, as discussed above. The oil and water separator 102 may receive oil and water from various locations in the system, but primarily from the condensing column 94. Separated water may be discharged to waste treatment or input back to the system. The oil, which is termed a solvent in this application, may be separated from the water and selectively output from separator 102 to drums or other containers for sale.


Other oilfield applications may use this solvent for corrosion inhibitors, paraffin inhibitors, asphaltene inhibitors, paraffin dispersing, surfactants, emulsion breakers, anti-sludge agents, inverted drilling mud, friction reducers, frac fluid loss agent, liquid gel concentrates, oil soluble acids, acid corrosion inhibitors, hydrocarbon foaming agents, and emulsified acid systems.


Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein in some detail, this has been done solely for the purposes of explaining the various aspects of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims which follow. Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiment shown and described is exemplary, and various other substitutions, alterations, and modifications, including but not limited to those design alternatives specifically discussed herein, may be made in the practice of the invention without departing from its scope.

Claims
  • 1. A solvent, comprising: at least 3% by weight C7 hydrocarbon materials;at least 6% by weight C8 hydrocarbon materials;at least 12% by weight C9 hydrocarbon materials;at least 6% by weight limonene; andat least 6% by weight naphthalenes.
  • 2. A solvent as defined in claim 1, wherein the limonene is from 8-25% by weight.
  • 3. A solvent as defined in claim 1, wherein the naphthalenes are from 8-14% by weight.
  • 4. A solvent as defined in claim 1, wherein the C7 hydrocarbon materials are at least 5% by weight of the solvent.
  • 5. A solvent as defined in claim 1, wherein C-1 to C-5 hydrocarbon materials comprise from 2-5% by weight of the solvent.
  • 6. A solvent as defined in claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises at least 2% by weight C6 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 7. A solvent as defined in claim 6, wherein the C6 hydrocarbon materials comprise at least 4% by weight of the solvent.
  • 8. A solvent as defined in claim 1, wherein C10 hydrocarbons comprise at least 25% by weight of the solvent.
  • 9. A solvent as defined in claim 1, wherein C-13 and higher hydrocarbon materials comprise less than 9% by weight of the solvent.
  • 10. A solvent comprising: from 4%-8% by weight C7 hydrocarbon materials;from 8%-12% by weight C8 hydrocarbon materials;from 14%-20% by weight C9 hydrocarbon materials; andfrom 25%-40% by weight C10 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 11. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the solvent further comprises: from 6%-8% by weight C11 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 12. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the solvent further comprises: from 6%-9% by weight C12 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 13. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the solvent further comprises: from 3%-6% by weight C13 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 14. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the solvent further comprises: from 1%-4% by weight C14 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 15. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the solvent further comprises: from 2%-6% by weight C15 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 16. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the solvent further comprises: from 2%-6% by weight C16-C25 hydrocarbon materials.
  • 17. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the C10 hydrocarbon materials comprise at least 6% limonene by weight of the solvent, and at least 6% naphthalenes by weight of the solvent.
  • 18. A solvent as defined in claim 17, wherein the limonene is from 8-25% by weight of the solvent.
  • 19. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the naphthalenes are from 8-14% by weight of the solvent.
  • 20. A solvent as defined in claim 10, wherein the solvent comprises from 1%-3% C6 hydrocarbon materials by weight of the solvent.
  • 21. A method of manufacturing a solvent from waste tires, the method comprising: providing an enclosure having an interior chamber and a plurality of internal baffles;inputting the tire particles to the heated enclosure and moveable along a flow line positioned with respect to the plurality of baffles to provide a temperature gradient along the flow line of at least 150 F.°, thereby producing hydrocarbon vapors and residual solids;rotating a drum in fluid communication with the flow line for receiving the tire particles and residual solids from the flow line, the drum having an interior temperature of from 730° F. to 800° F. for generating hydrocarbon vapors and carbon black solids;condensing vapors from the flow line and the drum and outputting liquids including hydrocarbons from condenser and gas including hydrocarbons from the condenser;maintaining a selected vacuum of less than 5 inches of water, such that hydrocarbon vapors are drawn from the flow line into the condenser;extracting the solvent from the liquids output from the condenser.
  • 22. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein at least a portion of the one or more gas including hydrocarbons are input into a burner within the enclosure.
  • 23. The system as defined in claim 21, wherein fuel to the burner is controlled as a function of measured drum temperature.
  • 24. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein the flow line extends in one axial direction and in a substantially opposing axial direction within the chamber.
  • 25. A method as defined in claim 21, further comprising: discharging the carbon black solids from the drum.
  • 26. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein a drum magnet removes metal particles from rubber particles.
  • 27. A method as defined in claim 21, further comprising: inputting steam at a temperature of greater than 800° F. into the drum.
  • 28. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein the rotary drum is heated to an interior temperature of from 730° F. to 800° F. for generating hydrocarbon vapors and carbon black solids.