Patent Application
20120106018
The amount of data transferred between electronic devices has grown tremendously the last few years. Large amounts of audio, video, text, and other types of data content are now regularly transferred among computers, media devices, such as handheld media devices, displays, storage devices, and other types of electronic devices. Since it is often desirable to transfer this data rapidly, the data rates of these data transfers have substantially increased.
Transferring data at these rates has proven to require a new type of cable. Conventional, passive cables create excessive skew between high-speed signals and generate large amounts of electromagnetic emissions that degrade signal quality. Because of this, active cables are being developed to support the high data rates among these electronic devices. These active cables may include electronic circuits that receive, retime, and retransmit data to and from a far end of the cable. These circuits receive and provide signals on connector contacts, which are typically located in connector inserts at each end of the cable.
But these high speed cables are susceptible to damage. For example, static charge can build up on a user of these cables. The user may touch one or more contacts at a cable's connector. This in turn may cause a discharge of the static that has built up on the user, resulting in a transfer of charge from the user to the connector contact. This discharge of static is commonly referred to as electrostatic discharge (ESD). Without proper protection, this discharge can cause excessive voltages to appear at the electronic circuits located in these new, high-speed cables.
Traditionally, ESD protection involves the use of diodes or other junctions that conduct the discharge current safely to ground. Unfortunately, these diodes and other junctions add capacitance to the signal lines that are being protected. These capacitances slow signal edges and degrade high-speed performance.
Thus, what is needed are circuits, methods, apparatus, and other structures that can provide low-capacitance protection from electrostatic discharges at cable connector contacts, as well as other applications.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention provide circuits, methods, apparatus, and other structures that can provide low-capacitance protection from electrostatic discharges. While embodiments of the present invention are particularly suited to use in protecting circuitry connected to cable connector contacts, they may be used in other applications as well.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of spark gaps that may be used for electrostatic discharge protection. These spark gaps may be formed using traces on printed circuit boards or other appropriate substrates in the cable connectors. Signal traces to be protected may be routed such that they pass in close proximity to a ground pad, line, plane, area, connection, or other appropriate structure, which is referred to here as a ground pad for simplicity. When excessive electrostatic energy builds up on the signal trace, the energy may spark across a gap from the signal trace to a ground pad. The gap and parts of the signal traces and ground may be uncovered such that the electrostatic discharge may dissipate through the air.
One exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a connector insert. This connector insert may include a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board may be a multilayer board having a ground plane. The printed circuit board may also have a number of traces printed on one or more outside surfaces, where one or more of these traces are in proximity to a ground pad. The ground pad may connect to the ground plane through one or more vias. Spark gaps may be formed between the one or more traces and the ground pad. A portion of one or more of the traces near the ground pad may be rounded, or it may have another type of shape. A protective covering may cover the printed circuit board. The protective cover may be formed using plastic or other appropriate material. The protective covering may have a first opening over portions of one or more traces, one or more of the corresponding spark gaps, and the ground pad.
This exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include an integrated circuit located on the printed circuit board. The integrated circuit may include a clock and data recovery circuit. The integrated circuit may be coupled to one or more of the traces. A number of connector contacts may attach to the printed circuit board. The protective covering may have a second opening to allow one or more of the connector contacts to attach to one or more of the traces on the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board may include one or more other traces that attach to conductors of a cable.
Various embodiments of the present invention may incorporate one or more of these and the other features described herein. A better understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be gained by reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
This connector insert may be part of an active cable for high-speed data communications. This connector insert may also be part of a docking station or other electronic device or connection to another electronic device. This connector insert may include connector contacts 110, which may mate with connector contacts of a connector receptacle (not shown). Connector contacts 110 may mechanically attach to printed circuit board 120. These connector contacts 110 may electrically connect to chip 140 using traces on printed circuit board 120. Connector contacts 110 and chip 140 may connect to wires and cable 130 via traces on printed circuit board 120.
A thermal conductor layer 160 may be used to provide a thermal path from chip 140 to shield 150. A solder area 180, which may be on the side or top of printed circuit board 120, may be soldered to a portion of shield 150, thereby creating a low thermal resistance path for heat dissipation. Housing 170 may be used to surround shield 150.
Again, circuitry in these connector inserts, such as chip 140, may need to be protected from ESD. Typically, ESD protection is connected to signal traces in the connector insert that are connected to chip 140. Unfortunately, conventional electrostatic discharge protection relies on diodes or junctions, which create excessive capacitance on signal traces that slow edges and thereby degrade cable performance. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention do not rely on diodes or junctions, but instead include a spark gap. Examples of spark gaps according to embodiments of the present invention are shown in the following figures.
A protective coating may cover portions of printed circuit board 605. This protective coating may include opening 650. Opening 650 may provide an opening in a coating that covers printed circuit board 605. Again, this coating may be plastic or other material. Opening 650 may provide an opening over a portion of traces 620, ground pad 640, and spark gaps 630. A second opening 652 may be included over a portion of traces 620 away from ground pad 640. These openings may form pads 610. Pads 610 may be used to connect traces 620 to connector contacts (not shown).
Ground pad 640 may connect to a ground plane (not shown), which is typically embedded in printed circuit board 605. In this example, this connection may be made using vias 642.
This structure may provide electrostatic discharge protection for high-speed cable inserts as well as for other applications. This protection may be achieved without incurring excessive capacitance on traces 620. This protection may also be achieved at an extremely low cost, the cost being primarily printed circuit board area for ground pad 640, and manufacturing costs associated with vias 642.
If a user touches a connector contact (not shown) such that an electrostatic discharge occurs, charge may be transferred via the connector contact to a pad 610. This charge may then flow through a trace 620 and jump across spark gap 630, where it is dissipated to ground via ground pad 640.
Again, spark gaps 630 may be used in a number of applications. One particular application is a connector insert, such as the connector insert shown in
Traces 750 may be included on printed circuit board 720. Spark gap 755 may be formed between traces 750 and ground pad 760. Connector contacts 710 may contact one or more traces 750. An integrated circuit 740 may be located on printed circuit board 720. Integrated circuit 740 may connect to one or more traces 750 using bond wires 742.
With this configuration, spark gap 755 protects integrated circuit 740 from electrostatic discharges that reach connector contacts 710. Specifically, charges that reach connector contacts 710 flow to traces 750. From there, they can jump spark gap 755 to reach ground pad 760. Once at ground pad 760, the charge dissipates to ground through the vias 727 and ground plane 725. This prevents much of the charge from reaching bond wire 742 and integrated circuit 740. In other embodiments of the present invention, other traces, such as traces coupled to a cable, may be protected from electrostatic discharge.
The above description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the teaching above. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Thus, it will be appreciated that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 61/408,042, filed on Oct. 29, 2010, titled “Spark Gap for High-Speed Cable Connectors,” which is incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61408042 | Oct 2010 | US |
