The present invention relates to a spark plug for use in combustion engines, having an outer electrode, a central electrode, an inner conductor connected to the central electrode and an insulator body enclosing the inner conductor, and to a method for production of a spark plug of that kind.
In operation spark plugs are subjected to pressure and temperature conditions that place exacting demands on the mechanical strength of the insulator body and the sealing of the boundary surfaces between different plug elements, relative to the combustion chamber of an engine. Under the effect of high peak pressures it may happen, even with plugs that have been produced accurately to size and have been carefully sealed, that gases leak out from the combustion chamber via inadequately sealed areas of the spark plug. Such leakage gases, which may enter the interior of the plug along boundary surfaces between the central electrode and the insulator body, or the inner conductor and the enclosing insulator body, may produce deposits in the interior of the spark plug which increase the risks of shunts forming, thereby limiting the service life of a spark plug.
The demands placed on spark plugs are even aggravated by the trend to further miniaturization which is accompanied by exacting demands on the loading capacity, for example in racing applications.
Now, it is the object of the invention to show how the high demands placed on spark plugs can be met more efficiently.
The invention achieves this object by a spark plug of the before-mentioned kind by the use of an extruded insulator body. It has been found that insulator bodies for spark plugs providing improved material properties and, thus, an improved loading capacity can be produced by extrusion. The improved material properties allow a higher degree of miniaturization so that it is now possible to produce spark plugs according to the invention having smaller external thread sizes, especially thread size M12, M10 or even M8. This is an important advantage for example for racing engines and similar applications where the space taken by spark plugs should be as small as possible in spite of the fact that maximum speeds are desired.
The advantages provided by the production by extrusion can be utilized with even greater benefit if the inner conductor and the insulator body are produced jointly by co-extrusion, which is preferred. By co-extruding the inner conductor and the insulator body it is possible to save the expense of integrating a separately produced inner conductor into the insulator body. Further, co-extrusion permits leakage points between the inner conductor and the enclosing insulator body to be avoided practically completely so that the risk of combustion gases penetrating from the combustion chamber of an engine can be efficiently eliminated. Further, co-extruding the insulator body and the inner conductor provides the additional advantage that higher mechanical strength is achieved.
Preferably, an electrically conductive ceramic material is used for the inner conductor of a spark plug according to the invention. While previously used inner conductors made from glass, forming a suppression resistor due to embedded carbon particles, for example, can be sealed off from the surrounding insulator body only with high input and have to be integrated into the insulator body by an expensive production step, an inner conductor consisting of an electrically conductive ceramic material can be produced by co-extrusion together with the insulator body. Especially, it is possible, by suitable selection of the composition of the ceramic material used for the inner conductor, to adapt the suppression resistance of the latter to the requirements of a concrete product line, in a simple way and with narrow tolerances. This is a further advantage of spark plugs according to the invention.
For purposes of the extrusion or co-extrusion process, plasticizers such as water, paraffin or polymers may be added to the ceramic materials used for the insulator body and the inner conductor, respectively, so as to give those ceramic materials a plasticity and pasty consistence suited for the extrusion process. By extruding, preferably by co-extruding, the ceramic materials one first produces a green compact, preferably of a cylindrical shape. Due to the plasticity of the extruded materials, the green compact can be shaped, for example cut to the desired length, and provided with an annular collar on its outer contour as is typical for an insulator body of a spark plug. Aqueous/thermal debinding and firing can then be applied to expel any plasticizers remaining in the green compact and to sinter the originally plastic ceramic materials, for forming the inner conductor of a spark plug and the insulator body enclosing it.
The materials that can be used for the inner conductor include silicides, carbides, nitrides and/or borides, for example. The metal component of the silicides, carbides and/or borides, from which the ceramic material of the inner conductor may be made, may comprise molybdenum, tungsten, titanium and/or lanthanum, for example. Especially well suited as insulator body material, for co-extrusion with such an inner conductor ceramic material, is a non-oxide ceramic material based on carbides, nitrides and/or borides of the metals Si, Al and/or Ti. Especially advantageous for use as a material for the inner conductor is the combination of an Si3N4 ceramic material for the insulator body and MoSi2 as material for the inner conductor, for example.
Another possibility consists in producing the insulator body predominantly or even completely from Al2O3, and in using a composite material of Al2O3 with LaCrO3 and/or TiN as ceramic material for the inner conductor.
Further features and advantages of the invention will be explained hereafter by reference to one embodiment of the invention and the attached drawings. The features described in that context may be made the subject-matter of claims either individually or in any combination.
In the case of the embodiment illustrated in
In the illustrated embodiment, the electrically conductive ceramic material of the inner conductor consists predominantly of MoSi2. Preferably, the inner conductor consists by more than 90% by weight of MoSi2. While pure MoSi2 may of course also be used, the material properties of the inner conductor can be improved, and/or costs can be saved, by additions of other ceramic materials.
The material used for the insulator body may for example be a ceramic material based on Al2O3. In such a case, it is an advantage for the co-extrusion process if an oxide ceramic material, especially one likewise based on Al2O3, is used for the inner conductor as well. Well suited for that purpose are composite materials based on Al2O3TiN and/or Al2O3—LaCrO3.
The forward end of the green compact 1 illustrated in
Correspondingly, the inner conductor 2 is bored open at its rear end. The bore 6 produced in this way is likewise shown as a cross-hatched area in
The central electrode 10 is connected to the enclosing insulator 3 by a solder joint 15. This allows excellent sealing to be achieved between the central electrode 10 and the insulator 3, which in turn hinders any gases from penetrating into the combustion chamber of an engine along the central electrode 10 and the inner conductor 2. The illustrated spark plug is connected to a supply line that supplies the ignition voltage via an igniter 11 which projects into the bore 6 and which contacts the inner conductor 2, as can be seen in
In order to further prevent any combustion gases from escaping from the engine space, the insulator 3 illustrated in
Besides, improved sealing between the insulator 3 and the enclosing spark plug body 13 may be achieved also by heat-shrinking. The insulator 3 is fitted in this case in a heated spark plug body 13. As the spark plug body 13 cools down, it comes to adapt itself to the insulator 3 in gas-tight manner.
Improved sealing between the insulator 3 and the enclosing spark plug body 13 can be achieved also in a spark plug of conventional structure by the use of an inner gasket which is pre-stressed to provide a gas-tight seal by heat-shrinking the body in longitudinal direction.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
10 2007 027 319 | Jun 2007 | DE | national |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4400643 | Nishio et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
4427915 | Nishio et al. | Jan 1984 | A |
4489596 | Linder et al. | Dec 1984 | A |
4519784 | Pollner | May 1985 | A |
4713582 | Yamada et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
5204579 | Oshima et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
6407487 | Sugimoto | Jun 2002 | B1 |
7160584 | Goeb et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7298070 | Kanao | Nov 2007 | B2 |
20020079801 | Klett et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20060076865 | Shibata et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20070046162 | Moribe et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070228915 | Honda et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20080036241 | Aisenbrey | Feb 2008 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
717 555 | Oct 1954 | GB |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20080309214 A1 | Dec 2008 | US |