This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-191255, filed Oct. 9, 2018. The entire disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a spark plug.
The following spark plug is known. The spark plug includes a center electrode and a ground electrode, in which a plane along the ground electrode that is curved is perpendicular to a flow direction of airflow.
One aspect of the present disclosure provides a spark plug that includes a ground electrode that is curved to oppose a tip end surface of a center electrode. A predetermined virtual plane that passes through a center axis of the spark plug along the curved ground electrode faces a flow direction of airflow. The ground electrode includes a main body including: an opposing surface on a first side facing the tip end surface of the center electrode; and a sloped surface on a second side opposite the first side. The main body satisfies 10 [°]≤Dg≤70 [°], 1.0 [mm]≤Th, and 1.5 [mm]≤Wd, where Dg is a slope angle of the sloped surface relative to the opposing surface, Th is a thickness of the main body in an insertion direction of the center electrode, and Wd is a width of the ground electrode in a direction perpendicular to the virtual plane.
In the accompanying drawings:
The following spark plug is conventionally known (refer to JP-A-2017-147086). The spark plug includes a center electrode and a ground electrode, in which a plane along the ground electrode that is curved is perpendicular to a flow direction of airflow. In the spark plug described in JP-A-2017-147086, when the airflow flows from left to right between the center electrode and the ground electrode, taking the directions as shown in the diagrams as shown in the above patent reference, a lower side of the ground electrode is sloped downward to the right, and a protruding portion is provided further towards an upstream side of the airflow than a center axis of the center electrode on an upper side of the ground electrode. As a result, a trailing vortex is formed on a downstream side of the ground electrode. A discharge spark that is extended is drawn into the trailing vortex and held.
However, in the spark plug described in JP-A-2017-147086, although the side on the lower side of the ground electrode is formed so as to slope downward to the right, this configuration alone may not be enough to enable ignitability of an air-fuel mixture to be improved.
It is thus desired to provide a spark plug that is capable of improving ignitability of an air-fuel mixture.
An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a spark plug that includes: a cylindrical main metal fitting that includes an interior portion; a center electrode that is inserted into the interior portion of the main metal fitting and includes a tip end surface; and a ground electrode that is connected to the main metal fitting and curved so as to oppose a tip end surface of the center electrode. A predetermined virtual plane that passes through a center axis of the spark plug along the curved ground electrode faces a flow direction of airflow in the spark plug.
In the spark plug, the center electrode and the ground electrode oppose each other and form a spark discharge gap. The ground electrode includes a main body that includes: an opposing surface that is formed on a first side facing the tip end surface of the center electrode, the opposing surface being perpendicular to a center axis of the spark plug; and a sloped surface that is formed on a second side opposite the first side facing the tip end surface of the center electrode, the sloped surface becoming farther away from the tip end surface of the center electrode from an upstream side of the airflow towards a downstream side. The main body of the ground electrode satisfies 10 [°]≤Dg≤70 [°], 1.0 [mm]≤Th, and 1.5 [mm]≤Wd, where Dg is a slope angle of the sloped surface relative to the opposing surface, Th is a thickness of the main body of the ground electrode in an insertion direction of the center electrode, and Wd is a width of the ground electrode in a direction perpendicular to the virtual plane.
In the above-described configuration, the ground electrode that is connected to the main metal fitting is curved so as to oppose the tip end surface of the center electrode. Airflow flows towards the virtual plane along the curved ground electrode, that is, from an area to the side of the ground electrode towards the center electrode and the ground electrode. Then, discharge is performed between the center electrode and the ground electrode, and an air-fuel mixture is ignited by a discharge spark.
Here, in the main body of the ground electrode, the opposing surface that is perpendicular to the center axis of the spark plug is formed on the first side facing the tip end surface of the center electrode. Therefore, airflow that flows between the center electrode and the ground electrode is regulated by the opposing surface. The discharge spark can be stably extended.
In addition, in the main body of the ground electrode, the sloped surface that becomes farther away (recedes) from the tip end surface of the center electrode from the upstream side of the airflow towards the downstream side is formed on the second side opposite the first side facing the tip end surface. Therefore, the airflow is led in a direction away from the center electrode, and negative pressure is formed on the downstream side of the ground electrode. As a result of the negative pressure, the airflow that passes between the center electrode and the ground electrode, and furthermore, the discharge spark can be led in the direction away from the center electrode. Consequently, the discharge spark can be extended in the direction away from the center electrode and ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be improved.
Here, the main body of the ground electrode satisfies 1.0 [mm]≤Th and 1.5 [mm]≤Wd, where Th is the thickness of the main body of the ground electrode in the insertion direction of the center electrode, and Wd is the width of the ground electrode in the direction perpendicular to the virtual plane. Therefore, negative pressure that is sufficient enough to enable the discharge spark to be extended in the direction away from the center electrode can be formed by the sloped surface.
Furthermore, the inventors of the present application have confirmed that ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be improved when the main body of the ground electrode satisfies 10 [°]≤Dg≤70 [°], where Dg is the slope angle of the sloped surface relative to the opposing surface. Therefore, as a result of the above-described spark plug, ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be improved.
Embodiments implementing a spark plug that is used in an internal combustion engine will hereinafter be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in
A lower end portion of a circular cylindrical insulator 12 is coaxially inserted into an inner portion of the housing 11. The insulator 12 is molded from an insulating material such as alumina. The housing 11 and the insulator 12 are integrally coupled by an upper end portion 11b of the housing 11 being crimped to the insulator 12. In addition, a center electrode 13 is inserted into and held in a through-hole 12a in a lower portion (one end portion) of the insulator 12.
The center electrode 13 includes a nickel (Ni) alloy that has excellent heat resistance and serves as a base material. The center electrode 13 is formed into a circular columnar shape. The Ni alloy has excellent heat resistance and the like. Specifically, an inner material (core material) of the center electrode 13 includes copper, and an outer material (outer casing material) includes a Ni-based alloy. A tip end portion 13a of the center electrode 13 is exposed from a lower end (one end) of the insulator 12. According to the present embodiment, the center electrode 13 is arranged such that a center axis thereof coincides with a center axis Lm (see
The ground electrode 14 is arranged in a position opposing the tip end portion 13a of the center electrode 13. The ground electrode 14 extends in an integrally curved manner from a lower end surface (one end surface) of the housing 11. That is, the ground electrode 14 is connected to the housing 11 and curved such that a tip end portion 14a thereof opposes a tip end surface 15a (see
As shown in
The noble-metal chips 15 and 16 are respectively joined to the tip end portions 13a and 14a by a joining process such as laser welding or resistance welding. A spark discharge gap 17 is formed between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16. That is, discharge is performed between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16, and a discharge spark is formed. Here, a tip end surface of the noble-metal chip 15 corresponds to the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13. In addition, a portion of the ground electrode 14 excluding the noble-metal chip 16 corresponds to a main body (hereinafter referred to as an electrode main body) 50 of the ground electrode 14.
Returning to the description of
In the state in which the spark plug 10 is attached to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, a predetermined virtual plane P (see
In the electrode main body 50, an opposing surface 21 that is perpendicular to the center axis Lm of the spark plug 10 is formed on a first side (upper side that corresponds to the base end side Z2) that faces the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13. The opposing surface 21 is a plan surface and spreads from an end portion (left end portion) of the ground electrode 14 on the upstream side of the airflow towards an end portion (right end portion) on the downstream side. The opposing surface 21 is substantially parallel to the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13. The opposing surface 21 is formed so as to rectify the airflow that flows between the center electrode 13 and the ground electrode 14 along the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13.
In the electrode main body 50, a sloped surface 22 is formed on a second side (lower side that corresponds to the tip end side Z1) opposite the first side facing the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13. The sloped surface 22 is formed so as to become farther away (recede) from the tip end surface 15a, from the upstream side of the airflow towards the downstream side. The sloped surface 22 is a plan surface and spreads from the end portion (left end portion) of the ground electrode 14 on the upstream side of the airflow towards the end portion (right end portion) on the downstream side. That is, an end portion of the sloped surface 22 on the upstream side of the airflow is equivalent to the end portion of the ground electrode 14 on the upstream side of the airflow. An end portion of the sloped surface 22 on the downstream side of the airflow is equivalent to the end portion of the ground electrode 14 on the downstream side of the airflow. The sloped surface 22 is formed so as to deflect the airflow that strikes the sloped surface 22 towards the side away from the center electrode 13.
That is, in the electrode main body 50, a thickness thereof in a center axis direction (an insertion direction of the housing and the insulator 12) of the spark plug 10 is a thickness Th (see
According to the present embodiment, the thickness is substantially zero on the upstream side of the airflow. That is, the opposing surface 21 and the sloped surface 22 are continuous on the upstream side of the airflow. Meanwhile, in the electrode main body 50, a side surface 23 that is parallel to the virtual plane P is formed on the downstream side of the airflow. That is, the opposing surface 21 and the sloped surface 22 are indirectly connected with the side surface 23 therebetween on the downstream side of the airflow. According to the present embodiment, a cross-sectional shape of the electrode main body 50 is a triangular shape in which an angle formed by the opposing surface 21 and the side surface 23 is a right angle.
In addition, in the electrode main body 50, the noble-metal chip 16 is welded to the opposing surface 21 such that the center axes of the noble-metal chips 15 and 16 coincide with each other. As a result, the tip end surfaces 15a and 16a (see
Here, the electrode main body 50 of the ground electrode 14 excluding the noble-metal chip 16 is formed by a member of which a shape in a length direction is uniform being bent. Therefore, manufacturability of the ground electrode 14 can be improved.
A width of the electrode main body 50 in a direction (the flow direction of the airflow) perpendicular to the virtual plane P is a width Wd. At this time, the thickness Th and the width Wd are set so as to satisfy 1.0 [mm]≤Th and 1.5 [mm]≤Wd.
In addition, a slope angle of the sloped surface 22 relative to the opposing surface 21 is a slope angle Dg. At this time, the slope angle Dg is set so as to satisfy 10 [°]≤Dg≤70 [°]. Preferably, the slope angle Dg is set so as to satisfy 20 [°]≤Dg≤50 [°].
In the ground electrode 14R of the comparison example, the sloped surface 22 is not formed. The cross-sectional shape of the electrode main body 50 is rectangular. In addition, in the ground electrode 14R of the comparison example, the thickness Th and the width Wd are set such that Th=1.3 [mm] and Wd=2.6 [mm].
Of the airflow that flows towards the ground electrode 14, the airflow that flows on the upper side of the ground electrode 14 is guided between the noble-metal chip 15 (center electrode 13) and the noble-metal chip 16 (ground electrode 14) along the opposing surface 21. Therefore, the airflow that flows between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16 is regulated.
The airflow that strikes the sloped surface 22 is led in a direction away from the ground electrode 14 along the sloped surface 22. Because the sloped surface 22 is formed up to the end portion of the ground electrode 14 on the upstream side, the airflow is easily led in the direction away from the ground electrode 14. The airflow then separates from the ground electrode 14 and negative pressure is formed on the downstream side of the side surface 23 (ground electrode 14). The sloped surface 22 is formed up to the end portion of the ground electrode 14 on the downstream side. Therefore, the airflow easily separates from the ground electrode 14 and the negative pressure formed on the downstream side of the side surface 23 is strengthened.
As a result, the airflow that passes between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16 is led in a direction away from the center electrode 13 by the negative pressure formed on the downstream side of the side surface 23.
A discharge spark is initially generated between the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13 and a starting point S1 on the upper surface of the noble-metal chip 16 of the ground electrode 14. Then, the discharge spark is stably extended by the regulated airflow between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16.
At this time, the starting point of the discharge spark on the ground electrode 14 moves from the starting point S1 to a starting point S2 on the opposing surface 21 that is further towards the downstream side of the airflow than the noble-metal chip 16. Therefore, a distance between the starting point of the discharge spark on the ground electrode 14 and the noble-metal chip 15 (center electrode 13) can be extended. Shorting between intermediate portions of the extended discharge spark can be suppressed.
As described with reference to
Therefore, the discharge spark is stably extended in the direction away from the center electrode 13. Ignitability of an air-fuel mixture can be improved. Here, a surface area of the discharge spark increases as the discharge spark becomes longer. A contact area between the air-fuel mixture and the discharge spark increases. Therefore, ignitability of the air-fuel mixture improves. In addition, combustibility of the air-fuel mixture improves as the discharge spark stretches in the direction away from the center electrode 13, that is, in a direction towards the center of the combustion chamber.
As shown in
According to the present embodiment described in detail above, the following advantages are achieved.
In the electrode main body 50, the opposing surface 21 that is perpendicular to the center axis Lm of the spark plug 10 is formed on the first side facing the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13. Therefore, the airflow that flows between the center electrode 13 and the ground electrode 14 is regulated by the opposing surface 21. The discharge spark can be stably extended.
In the electrode main body 50, the sloped surface 22 is formed on the second side opposite the first side facing the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13. The sloped surface 22 is formed so as to become farther away (recede) from the tip end surface 15a, from the upstream side of the airflow towards the downstream side. Therefore, the airflow is led in the direction away from the ground electrode 14 by the sloped surface 22. Negative pressure is formed on the downstream side of the ground electrode 14. As a result of the negative pressure, the airflow that passes between the center electrode 13 and the ground electrode 14, and furthermore, the discharge spark, can be led in the direction away from the center electrode 13. Therefore, the discharge spark can be extended in the direction away from the center electrode 13. Ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be improved.
The thickness of the electrode main body 50 in the insertion direction of the center electrode 13 is the thickness Th. The width of the electrode main body 50 in the direction perpendicular to the virtual plane P is the width Wd. In the electrode main body 50, 1.0 [mm]≤Th and 1.5 [mm]≤Wd. Therefore, negative pressure that is sufficient to enable the discharge spark to be extended in the direction away from the center electrode 13 can be formed by the sloped surface 22.
As shown in
In the electrode main body 50, the noble-metal chip 16 is fixed to the opposing surface 21 such that the center axes of the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16 coincide. As a result of the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16 being fixed such that the center axes thereof coincide, an area of the opposing portions of the tip end surfaces 15a and 16a of the noble-metal chips 15 and 16 (see
The opposing portions are portions at which a distance between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16 is shortest. Therefore, in the discharge between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16, the discharge spark is generated in the opposing portions. As a result of wear in the opposing portions caused by the discharge spark, the spark discharge gap 17 between the opposing portions widens.
When the area of the opposing portions is large, a speed at which the spark discharge gap 17 widens between the opposing portions as a result of wear in the opposing portions can be delayed. Therefore, a number of discharges until the spark discharge gap 17 between the noble-metal chip 15 and the noble-metal chip 16 becomes a predetermined width can be increased. Durability of the spark plug 10 can be improved.
As shown in
In the electrode main body 50, the end portion of the sloped surface 22 on the upstream side of the airflow is equivalent to the end portion of the ground electrode 14 on the upstream side of the airflow. Therefore, the airflow that strikes the ground electrode 14 strikes the sloped surface 22 and can be easily led to the direction away from the center electrode 13. Consequently, negative pressure can be easily formed on the downstream side of the ground electrode 14. Ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be further improved.
In the electrode main body, the end portion of the sloped surface 22 on the downstream side of the airflow is equivalent to the end portion of the ground electrode 14 on the downstream side of the airflow. Therefore, the airflow along a plane on the second side opposite the first side facing the tip end surface 15a of the center electrode 13 can be easily led in the direction away from the center electrode 13 by the sloped surface 22 in the end portion of the ground electrode 14 on the downstream side of the airflow. Consequently, negative pressure can be easily formed on the downstream side of the ground electrode 14. Ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be further improved.
In the electrode main body 50, the external surface of the connecting portion 33 between the opposing surface 21 and the side surface 23 is formed into a curved surface. Therefore, when the starting point of the discharge spark on the ground electrode 14 moves along the opposing surface 21, from the upstream side of the airflow to the downstream side, the starting point of the discharge spark on the ground electrode 14 can easily move along the external surface of the connecting portion 33 to a position that is farther away from the center electrode 13. Consequently, the discharge spark can be easily moved to a position that is farther away from the center electrode 13. Ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be further improved.
A second embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings, mainly focusing on differences with the above-described first embodiment.
According to the present embodiment, the shape of the ground electrode 14 differs. As shown in
In the example shown in
A slope angle of the downstream-side surface 24 relative to the opposing surface 21 is a slope angle Dd. At this time, the slope angle Dd is set so as to satisfy Dd<10 [°]. According to the present embodiment, the downstream-side surface 24 is set so as to be parallel to the opposing surface 21. That is, the downstream-side surface 24 is formed such that the airflow that is deflected towards a side away from the center electrode 13 by the sloped surface 22 approaches the side surface 23. As a result, the negative pressure that is formed on the downstream side of the side surface 23 is strengthened.
According to the present embodiment, in the electrode main body 50, a width of the sloped surface 22 in the direction perpendicular to the virtual plane P is a width Ws. At this time, the width Ws and a slope ratio Ws/Wd are set so as to satisfy 0.6≤Ws/Wd≤1.0.
As shown in
According to the present embodiment described above, the inventors of the present application have confirmed that ignitability of the air-fuel mixture is further improved when, in the electrode main body 50, the width of the sloped surface 22 in the direction perpendicular to the virtual plane P is the width Ws and 0.6≤Ws/Wd≤1.0. Therefore, as a result of the above-described spark plug 10, ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be further improved.
Here, the above-described embodiments can be modified in the following manner. Sections that are identical to those according to the above-described embodiments are given the same reference numbers. Therefore, descriptions thereof are omitted.
A configuration in which the external surfaces of the connecting portions 31 to 33 are not formed into curved surfaces can also be used. In this case, processing of the ground electrode 14 is facilitated.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the variation example shown in
A slope angle of the upstream-side surface 26 relative to the opposing surface 21 is a slope angle Du. At this time, the slope angle Du is set so as to satisfy Du<10 [°]. According to the present embodiment, the upstream-side surface 26 is set so as to be parallel to the opposing surface 21. That is, the upstream-side surface 26 is formed so as to lead the airflow that flows on the lower side of the ground electrode 14 to the sloped surface 22 along the ground electrode 14.
In the variation example shown in
As a result of the variation example shown in
The width Ws is not necessarily required to be set so as to satisfy 0.6≤Ws/Wd≤1.0. The width Ws may be set so as to satisfy 0<Ws/Wd<0.6.
The side surface 23 may be shaped so as to recess towards the center side of the electrode main body 50 or protrude towards the outer side of the electrode main body 50.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2018-191255 | Oct 2018 | JP | national |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
20100264803 | Nunome | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20140361678 | Murayama | Dec 2014 | A1 |
20160053733 | Aochi | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20190103731 | Tanaka | Apr 2019 | A1 |
20190386467 | Nishio | Dec 2019 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2016-184558 | Oct 2016 | JP |
2017-147086 | Aug 2017 | JP |
2019-125570 | Jul 2019 | JP |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20200112145 A1 | Apr 2020 | US |