Patent Grant
10581226
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-069843, filed Mar. 31, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to a spark plug, and particularly to a spark plug that generates plasma.
One example of a spark plug that generates plasma is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-512172. The spark plug disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-512172 includes a center electrode, a metal shell that surrounds at least a part of the center electrode, and an insulator provided between the metal shell and the center electrode. The insulator includes a front end portion having an outer diameter larger than an inner diameter of the metal shell. The front end portion projects from a front end of the metal shell, and a front end of the center electrode projects from the front end portion of the insulator. When voltage is applied to the center electrode of the spark plug, gas in the vicinity of the front end of the center electrode undergoes dielectric breakdown and gaseous discharge occurs, so that plasma in which gas is ionized is generated.
However, in the above-described conventional technique, insulation property between the center electrode and the metal shell is not sufficient. Thus, there is a problem that short circuit between the center electrode and the metal shell might occur without occurrence of gaseous discharge.
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a spark plug that allows gaseous discharge to occur easily.
In order to attain the above object, a spark plug according to the present invention includes: a center electrode extending from a front side to a rear side along an axial line; an insulator having a through hole formed around at least a part of the center electrode; and a metal shell that holds the insulator from an outer peripheral side thereof and that is substantially tubular, the metal shell including a shelf portion that projects radially inward, the insulator including an engagement portion that is engaged with the shelf portion from the front side, and a front end portion that is present at the front side with respect to a front end of the metal shell, at least a part of the front end portion having an outer diameter larger than an inner diameter of the metal shell at the front side with respect to the shelf portion. The front end portion of the insulator has a diameter-enlarged portion at which a diameter of the through hole increases and which is spaced apart from an outer peripheral surface of the center electrode.
In a spark plug according to a first aspect of the present invention, the insulator has, in a portion including the front end of the insulator, a diameter-enlarged portion at which a diameter of the through hole formed around at least a part of the center electrode is enlarged. Since the diameter-enlarged portion is spaced apart from an outer peripheral surface of the center electrode, gaseous discharge occurs so as to expand along a shape of the diameter-enlarged portion in a radial direction. Thus, since discharge toward the rear side (that is, the metal shell) is difficult to occur, short circuit between the center electrode and the metal shell can hardly occur. Therefore, gaseous discharge can easily occur.
In the spark plug according to a second aspect of the present invention, the insulator surrounds the outer circumference of the center electrode so as to reach at least the front end of the center electrode. Thus, short circuit between the center electrode and the metal shell is more difficult to occur. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, gaseous discharge can more easily occur.
In the spark plug according to a third aspect of the present invention, the insulator includes a first insulator having the engagement portion and a second insulator having the front end portion. Since the second insulator is joined, directly or via another member, to the first insulator at the front side with respect to the engagement portion, in addition to the effect of the first or second aspect, the front end portion can be easily provided to the insulator.
In the spark plug according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a part of the second insulator is present inside the metal shell. Thus, a part of the second insulator can be prevented from being exposed to combustion gas. Since overheating of the second insulator can be suppressed as compared with the case where the entirety of the second insulator is exposed to combustion gas, in addition to the effect of the third aspect, ignition of air-fuel mixture, due to abnormal overheating of the second insulator, can be further suppressed.
In the spark plug according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the metal shell has a thread portion on an outer peripheral surface of the metal shell, the thread portion being screwed into a thread hole of an internal combustion engine. Since at least a part of the second insulator is present inside a portion where the thread portion of the metal shell is present, heat can be transferred from the second insulator via the thread portion to the internal combustion engine. Thus, since overheating of the second insulator can be suppressed, in addition to the effect of the third or fourth aspect, ignition of air-fuel mixture, due to abnormal overheating of the second insulator, can be further suppressed.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
In the first insulator 20, a trunk portion 21, a projection portion 22, a large-diameter portion 23, and a small-diameter portion 25 are connected in this order from the rear side to the front side along the axial line O, and a first through hole 29, formed along the axial line O, penetrates through the center of the first insulator 20. The trunk portion 21 is located to the rear side of the first insulator 20. The first insulator 20 has the projection portion 22 projecting in a flange shape radially outward from a boundary between the trunk portion 21 and the large-diameter portion 23. The projection portion 22 is formed around the entire circumference of the boundary between the trunk portion 21 and the large-diameter portion 23.
The small-diameter portion 25 provided to the front side of the large-diameter portion 23 includes a first small-diameter portion 26 and a second small-diameter portion 27. The second small-diameter portion 27 is disposed at the front side of the first small-diameter portion 26. An outer diameter of the first small-diameter portion 26 is larger than an outer diameter of the second small-diameter portion 27 and is smaller than an outer diameter of the large-diameter portion 23. Due to a difference between the outer diameter of the large-diameter portion 23 and the outer diameter of the first small-diameter portion 26, an engagement portion 24 (see
An inner diameter of the first through hole 29 is made smaller by a step portion 30 (see
The second insulator 40 is a member that surrounds the periphery of the second small-diameter portion 27 of the first insulator 20. The second insulator 40 includes a cylindrical portion 41, and a front end portion 42 that is present at the front side with respect to the front end of the metal shell 60. An internal thread portion 43 (see
As shown in
In the front end portion 42, a second through hole 44 that penetrates the center along the axial line O is formed. In the second through hole 44, a hole portion 45, an enlargement portion 46, and a diameter-enlarged portion 47 are connected to each other from the rear side to a front end 48 side. An inner diameter of the hole portion 45 is equal to an inner diameter of the axial hole 31 formed in the first insulator 20. In a state where the internal thread portion 43 is engaged with the external thread portion 28 so that the second insulator 40 is joined to the first insulator 20, the hole portion 45 becomes contiguous to the axial hole 31. The enlargement portion 46 is an annular portion that extends in an axial orthogonal direction perpendicular to the axial line O. The diameter-enlarged portion 47 is a portion that has an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the hole portion 45 and that is formed in a portion including the front end 48 of the insulator 11.
The portion including the front end 48 of the insulator 11 is a portion which is located at the front side in the axial line O direction of the insulator 11 and in which the center electrode 50 is disposed. The diameter-enlarged portion 47 is formed so as to be connected to the front end 48 of the insulator 11. In the present embodiment, the diameter-enlarged portion 47 is formed on the second insulator 40 at which the front side of the center electrode 50 is disposed, and the inner diameter of the diameter-enlarged portion 47 gradually increases toward the front end 48 side of the second insulator 40 up to the front end 48.
The center electrode 50 is a conductive member that includes an axial portion 51 formed in a rod shape and an engagement portion 52 provided at the rear end of the axial portion 51. The engagement portion 52 is a portion that extends, as compared with the axial portion 51, in the axial orthogonal direction orthogonal to the axial line O, and is engaged with the step portion 30 of the first insulator 20.
In the axial portion 51, a core material having a more excellent thermal conductivity than an electrode base material is embedded inside the electrode base material formed in a bottomed tubular shape. The core material is formed from copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component, and the electrode base material is formed from a nickel-based alloy, nickel, or the like. The axial portion 51 is disposed in the axial hole 31 of the first insulator 20 and the second through hole 44 of the second insulator 40. The axial portion 51 has a front end that is formed in a needle shape. The outer peripheral surface of the axial portion 51 is spaced apart from the diameter-enlarged portion 47. In the present embodiment, the second insulator 40 surrounds the front end of the axial portion 51 of the center electrode 50. In addition, the maximum outer diameter of a portion disposed in the diameter-enlarged portion 47, of the axial portion 51, is smaller than the outer diameter of a portion disposed at the rear side with respect to the diameter-enlarged portion 47, of the axial portion 51.
A description will be given returning to
The metal shell 60 is a substantially cylindrical member that is fixed to an internal combustion engine 76, and is formed from a metal material (e.g., low-carbon steel, stainless steel, etc.) having conductivity. In the metal shell 60, a crimping portion 61, a tool engagement portion 62, a curved portion 63, a seat portion 64, and a trunk portion 65 are connected in this order from the rear side to the front side along the axial line O. A thread portion 66 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the trunk portion 65.
The crimping portion 61 and the curved portion 63 are portions for crimping the first insulator 20. The tool engagement portion 62 is a portion for engaging a tool such as wrench when the thread portion 66 is coupled with a thread hole 77 of the internal combustion engine 76. The seat portion 64 is a portion that is located to the rear side of the trunk portion 65 and that projects radially outward in an annular shape. A gasket 75 having an annular shape is disposed between the seat portion 64 and the trunk portion 65. When the metal shell 60 is mounted to the internal combustion engine 76, the gasket 75 seals a gap between the thread portion 66 and the thread hole 77.
As shown in
A front end 68 of the trunk portion 65 (the metal shell 60) is in contact with the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40. An outer diameter of the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40 is larger than the inner diameter (the inner diameter of the front end 68) of the trunk portion 65 on a front end 68 side (the lower side of
As shown in
The spark plug 10 is manufactured by, for example, a method described below. First, the axial portion 51 of the center electrode 50 is inserted into the axial hole 31 of the first insulator 20, and the engagement portion 52 is caused to be engaged with the step portion 30. Next, the first through hole 29 is filled with a raw material powder of the sealing material 57, the metal terminal 56 is pressed into the first through hole 29 while being heated, and the raw material powder of the sealing material 57 is compressed in an axial direction. The raw material powder is compressed and sintered, and electrical continuity between the metal terminal 56 and the center electrode 50 is ensured via the sealing material 57. Then, while the axial portion 51 of the center electrode 50 is inserted into the second through hole 44 of the second insulator 40, the internal thread portion 43 of the second insulator 40 is coupled with the external thread portion 28 of the first insulator 20, so that the second insulator 40 is joined to the first insulator 20. Lastly, the metal shell 60 is assembled to the outer circumferences of the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 40, so that the spark plug 10 is obtained.
In the spark plug 10, when the thread portion 66 of the metal shell 60 is mounted into the thread hole 77 of the internal combustion engine 76 (see
The spark plug 10 has, in the portion including the front end 48 of the insulator 11, the diameter-enlarged portion 47 at which the diameter of the second through hole 44 surrounding at least a part of the center electrode 50 is enlarged. Since the diameter-enlarged portion 47 is spaced apart from the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode 5, gaseous discharge occurs so as to expand in the radial direction in accordance with the shape of the diameter-enlarged portion 47. Thus, since discharge toward the metal shell 60 is difficult to occur, short circuit between the center electrode 50 and the metal shell 60 can hardly occur and gaseous discharge can easily occur. Therefore, the amount of plasma generated by the spark plug 10 can be ensured.
The second through hole 44 has the enlargement portion 46 between the hole portion 45 and the diameter-enlarged portion 47. Since the enlargement portion 46 annularly extends in the axial orthogonal direction perpendicular to the axial line O, a spatial distance between the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode 50 and the diameter-enlarged portion 47 can be increased as compared with the case where the enlargement portion 46 is absent. As a result, the range of the diameter-enlarged portion 47 in which gaseous discharge is present can be extended in the radial direction, and thus ignitability can be improved.
Since the diameter-enlarged portion 47 has an inner diameter that gradually increases toward the front end 48 side of the second insulator 40 up to the front end 48, gaseous discharge can be radially expanded to the front end 48 side. Since the range in which gaseous discharge is present can be extended as compared with the case where the inner diameter of the diameter-enlarged portion 47 is the same in the axial line O direction, ignitability can be improved.
Since the diameter-enlarged portion 47 is formed in the portion including the front end 48 of the insulator 11 (in the present embodiment, a part of the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40), short circuit between the center electrode 50 and the metal shell 60 can be suppressed while heat dissipation performance of the center electrode 50 by the insulator 11 is ensured. This is because in a case where the diameter-enlarged portion 47 is formed in the axial hole 31 and the hole portion 45 from the step portion 30 of the insulator 11 to the front end 48 side, a gap (diameter-enlarged portion 47) between the center electrode 50, and the axial hole 31 and the hole portion 45 causes reduction in heat dissipation performance of the center electrode 50 by the insulator 11.
Since the second insulator 40 (insulator 11) surrounds the outer circumference of the center electrode 50 so as to reach at least the front end of the center electrode 50, short circuit between the center electrode 50 and the metal shell 60 is more difficult to occur as compared with the case where the front end of the center electrode 50 projects beyond the front end 48 of the second insulator 40. Thus, gaseous discharge can more easily occur.
The maximum outer diameter of a part, of the axial portion 51 of the center electrode 50, that is disposed in the diameter-enlarged portion 47 is smaller than the outer diameter of a part of the axial portion 51 that is disposed at the rear side with respect to the diameter-enlarged portion 47. Therefore, a spatial distance between the center electrode 50 and the diameter-enlarged portion 47 can be increased. Thus, gaseous discharge in the diameter-enlarged portion 47 can easily occur. Thus, short circuit between the center electrode 50 and the metal shell 60 is more difficult to occur. Therefore, gaseous discharge can more easily occur.
Since the outer diameter of the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40 is larger than an inner diameter of the trunk portion 65 at the front side (the lower side of
The insulator 11 includes: the first insulator 20 having the engagement portion 24 supported by the shelf portion 67; and the second insulator 40 having the front end portion 42. In a case where the insulator 11 is not divided into two members of the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 40, it is difficult to provide, at the front end 68 of the metal shell 60, the front end portion 42 having an outer diameter larger than a minimum inner diameter of the shelf portion 67. However, since the second insulator 40 is joined to the first insulator 20 at the front side with respect to the engagement portion 24, the front end portion 42 having an outer diameter larger than an inner diameter of the shelf portion 67 can be easily provided without being restricted by the inner diameter of the shelf portion 67.
Since the internal thread portion 43 of the second insulator 40 is coupled with the external thread portion 28 of the first insulator 20 so that the second insulator 40 is joined to the first insulator 20, joining reliability can be improved as compared with the case where the second insulator 40 is joined to the first insulator 20 by only an inorganic adhesive without using threads.
When the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28 are provided, a creepage distance of each of the outer circumference of the second small-diameter portion 27 and the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion 41 can be increased as compared with the case where no thread is provided. Thus, short circuit, between the metal shell 60 and the center electrode 50, that has a path between the second small-diameter portion 27 and the cylindrical portion 41, can be suppressed. Since the area of contact between the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 40 can be increased by the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28, heat transfer between the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 40 can be improved by the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28.
Since the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28 are formed radially inward of the thread portion 66 of the metal shell 60, heat transferred from the first insulator 20 to the second insulator 40 via the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28 can be easily dissipated from the thread portion 66 of the metal shell 60 via the thread hole 77 to the internal combustion engine 76.
The front end 68 of the trunk portion 65 (the metal shell 60) is in contact with the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40. Therefore, in a state where the internal thread portion 43 is coupled with the external thread portion 28, axial tension for tightening the external thread portion 28 and the internal thread portion 43 can be ensured. Thus, since friction between a flank of the external thread portion 28 and a flank of the internal thread portion 43 can be increased, the internal thread portion 43 can be made difficult to loosen.
The shelf portion 67 of the metal shell 60 projects, around the entire circumference of the shelf portion 67, inward in the axial orthogonal direction with respect to the engagement portion 24, and supports the engagement portion 24 of the first insulator 20 from the front side. Thus, when the large-diameter portion 23 provided to the first insulator 20 is supported by the shelf portion 67 of the metal shell 60, the insulator 11 is held on the inner circumference of the metal shell 60. Since the large-diameter portion 23 is provided to the first insulator 20 that covers the axial portion 51, a thickness of the large-diameter portion 23 in the axial orthogonal direction can be increased as compared to the case where the large-diameter portion 23 is provided to the second insulator 40 that covers the outer circumference of the first insulator 20. Thus, mechanical strength of the large-diameter portion 23 can be ensured.
In the second insulator 40, the cylindrical portion 41 is present inside the metal shell 60. Therefore, the cylindrical portion 41 can be prevented from being exposed to combustion gas in a combustion chamber. Since overheating of the second insulator 40 can be suppressed as compared with the case where the entirety of the second insulator 40 is exposed to combustion gas, ignition of air-fuel mixture due to abnormal overheating of the second insulator 40 can be suppressed.
The cylindrical portion 41 of the second insulator 40 is present inside the trunk portion 65 on the outer circumference, of the metal shell 60, of which the thread portion 66 is formed. Thus, heat of the second insulator 40 can be transferred, via the cylindrical portion 41, the trunk portion 65, and the thread portion 66, to the internal combustion engine 76. Thus, since overheating of the second insulator 40 can be suppressed, ignition of air-fuel mixture due to abnormal overheating of the second insulator 40 can be further suppressed.
Of the trunk portion 65, a portion on the front end 68 side with respect to the shelf portion 67 has an equal inner diameter up to the front end 68. Therefore, a wall thickness of the trunk portion 65 on the front end 68 side with respect to the shelf portion 67 can be ensured. Thus, heat capacity of the trunk portion 65 that is present radially outward of the cylindrical portion 41 of the second insulator 40 can be ensured. Since the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 41 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the first small-diameter portion 26 of the first insulator 20, and the wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 41 in the radial direction is substantially equal to a difference between the outer diameter of the first small-diameter portion 26 and the outer diameter of the second small-diameter portion 27, a gap between the trunk portion 65, and the first small-diameter portion 26 and the cylindrical portion 41 can be decreased. Thus, heat can be easily transferred from the first small-diameter portion 26 and the cylindrical portion 41 to the trunk portion 65. Thus, since overheating of the second insulator 40 can be suppressed, ignition of air-fuel mixture due to abnormal overheating of the second insulator 40 can be further suppressed.
Since the front end 68 of the trunk portion 65 (metal shell 60) is in contact with the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40, heat transfer from the front end portion 42 to the trunk portion 65 is not hampered. Thus, since overheating of the second insulator 40 can be suppressed, ignition of air-fuel mixture due to abnormal overheating of the second insulator 40 can be further suppressed.
With reference to
As shown in
Since the filler 83 having insulation property is disposed at a gap between the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28, and is in close contact with at least a part of the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28, an effect of suppressing short circuit having a path between the second small-diameter portion 27 and the cylindrical portion 41 can be improved. The filler 83 is in close contact with the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28, and therefore, depending on a coefficient of thermal conductivity of the filler 83, thermal conductivity between the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28 can be improved, and heat dissipation from the second insulator 40 to the first insulator 20 can be improved.
Since the internal thread portion 43 and the external thread portion 28 are adhered to each other with the filler 83, loosening of the internal thread portion 43 with respect to the external thread portion 28 can be prevented. Thus, joining reliability of the second insulator 40 with respect to the first insulator 20 can be ensured.
Since the second insulator 81 has the plurality of corrugations 82 on the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion 42, the creepage distance of the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion 42 can be increased as compared with the case where the corrugations are absent. Thus, since the surface discharge between the center electrode 50 and the metal shell 60 can hardly occur, gaseous discharge can more easily occur.
As described above, although the present invention has been described based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments at all. It can be easily understood that various modifications can be devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.
In the above embodiments, the case where the insulator 11 is divided into two members of the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 40, or the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 81, has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. As a matter of course, the insulator 11 in which the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 40, or the first insulator 20 and the second insulator 81 are integrated with each other can be used. In this case, members obtained by dividing the metal shell 60 into two parts are prepared, the members are mounted to the outer circumference of the insulator 11 from both sides in the axial orthogonal direction of the insulator 11, and then the members are welded to each other. Thus, the metal shell 60 can be mounted to the outer circumference of the insulator 11. Also in a case where the insulator 11 is formed from one member, the diameter-enlarged portion 47 is formed at a part where the center electrode 50 (specifically, the front end of the axial portion 51) is disposed in the insulator 11, so as to be connected to the front end 48 of the insulator 11.
In the above embodiments, the case where the second insulator 40, 81 is connected to the first insulator 20 via the external thread portion 28 and the internal thread portion 43 has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. As a matter of course, the second insulator 40, 81 can be joined to the first insulator 20 using the inorganic adhesive without providing the external thread portion 28 and the internal thread portion 43.
Although description is omitted in the above embodiments, the external thread portion 28 and the internal thread portion 43 are continuously provided or intermittently provided. Although description is omitted in the above embodiments, as a matter of course, the filler 83 described in the second embodiment can be filled between the external thread portion 28 and the internal thread portion 43 that have been described in the first embodiment.
In the above embodiments, the case where the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40, 81 is in contact with the front end 68 of the metal shell 60 has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. In a case where the second insulator 40, 81 is screwed into the first insulator 20 using a thread, instead of the metal shell 60, the front end portion 42 of the second insulator 40, 81 can be in contact with the front end of the first insulator 20 in order to ensure tightening axial tension. In a case where the external thread portion 28 and the internal thread portion 43 are omitted and the second insulator 40, 81 is joined to the first insulator 20 using the inorganic adhesive, tightening axial tension is not required, so that the second insulator 40, 81 is not required to be in contact with the first insulator 20 or the metal shell 60.
Although, in the above embodiments, the metal shell 60 is crimped into the first insulator 20 via the ring member 73 and the powder 74, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. As a matter of course, the metal shell 60 can be crimped without using the ring member 73 and the powder 74.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-069843 | Mar 2017 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5508582 | Sugimoto et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5565157 | Sugimoto et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 8550048 | Stifel | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 20080284303 | Agneray et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20110221327 | Kameda | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20130003251 | Durham | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0622881 | Nov 2011 | EP |
| 2724430 | Mar 2015 | EP |
| 2009-512172 | Mar 2009 | JP |
| 2013-186999 | Mar 2013 | JP |
| 2013186999 | Sep 2013 | JP |
| WO-2011128589 | Oct 2011 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Extended European Search Report dated Aug. 17, 2018 for the corresponding European Patent Application No. 18162849.6. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180287349 A1 | Oct 2018 | US |
