1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to wireless communication systems, and more specifically to specialized data transfer in a wireless communication system.
2. Background
Conventional cable modem systems utilize DOCSIS-compliant equipment and protocols to transfer data between one or more cable modems (CM) and a cable modem termination system (CMTS). DOCSIS (Data Over Cable System Interface Specification) generally refers to a group of specifications that define industry standards for cable headend and cable modem equipment. In part, DOCSIS sets forth requirements and objectives for various aspects of cable modem systems including operations support systems, management, data interfaces, as well as network layer, data link layer, and physical layer transport for cable modem systems.
At a high level, DOCSIS comprises a four-way handshake protocol with the following message exchange: (1) request for bandwidth for data transmission by a cable modem, (2) grant of request by the CMTS, (3) upstream slot specification by the CMTS, and (4) subsequent data transmission by the cable modem. Both slot specification and grant messages are encapsulated in a single DOCSIS message known as the Map, which in fact includes all feedback from the CMTS to cable modems related to the normal mode of operation of the DOCSIS protocol.
After the grant from the CMTS has been received by the cable modem, the upstream channel may be viewed as a continuous flow of mini-slots that may be used to transmit data in ways that depart from, and are more efficient than, standard DOCSIS protocols. For example, voice and data packets may be processed by the cable modem to reduce the number of bits transferred per packet through the elimination of protocol overhead. In particular, a proprietary protocol-specific header compression technique may be used to reduce the size of various protocol headers within a given DOCSIS packet. The use of a protocol-specific header compression technique presents a distinct advantage over DOCSIS 1.0, which does not provide for header suppression, as well as over DOCSIS 1.1, which only permits header suppression based on the presence of redundant bit sequences in sequentially-transmitted packets.
Techniques that reduce the number of bits transferred per packet as described above require additional processing by the CMTS to reconstruct the original DOCSIS packet and the protocol headers included therein so that the packet may be properly handled at the cable headend. However, conventional CMTS equipment does not provide for such additional processing capabilities. Moreover, the cost of replacing or upgrading existing CMTS equipment to provide for these capabilities may be prohibitively expensive. Accordingly, what is desired is a cable modem system and method for data transfer that provides for specialized headend processing of modified DOCSIS packets while utilizing existing conventional CMTS equipment with little or no modification.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate the present invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the invention.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears.
The cable modem 110 operates as an interface between a plurality of attached user devices and the cable network 112 and permits the user devices to send and receive data over the cable network 112. In the cable modem system 100, the user devices include a first telephone 102, a second telephone 104, a first data user 106 and a second data user 108. In embodiments, first and second telephones 102 and 104 comprise VoIP-enabled phones adapted for voice communication over a packet-switched network. In embodiments, first data user 106 and second data user 108 comprise a personal computer, data terminal equipment, or any other user device capable of running applications that send and receive data over a packet-switched network. In the example cable modem system 100, only one cable modem 110 and four user devices 102, 104, 106 and 108 are shown for clarity. In general, any number of cable modems and any number of user devices can be included in the cable modem system of the present invention.
The cable network 112 connects the cable modem 110 to the CMTS 114 and permits the transfer of data between these system elements. In embodiments, the cable network 112 can comprise coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, or a combination of coaxial cable and fiberoptic cable linked via a fiber node.
The CMTS 114 is a headend element that controls the upstream and downstream transfer of data between itself and cable modem 110, as well as any other cable modems to which it may be attached by means of the cable network 112. In embodiments of the present invention, the CMTS 114 comprises DOCSIS-compliant hardware and software that controls the transfer of data between itself and cable modem 110 in accordance with the DOCSIS specifications. Accordingly, the CMTS 114 engages in a four-way handshake protocol with the cable modem 110 that includes the following message exchange: (1) request for bandwidth for data transmission by the cable modem 110, (2) grant of request by the CMTS 114, (3) upstream slot specification by the CMTS 114, and (4) subsequent data transmission by the cable modem 110. Both slot specification and grant messages are encapsulated in a single DOCSIS message known as the Map, which in fact includes all feedback from the CMTS 114 to the cable modem 110 related to the normal mode of operation of the DOCSIS protocol.
The CMTS 114 also acts as an interface between the cable network 112 and the Internet 118 and processes data received from the cable modem 110 that is directed to the Internet for transfer to the Internet 118. As will be discussed in more detail below, in embodiments of the present invention, the CMTS 114 will forward certain types of data received from the cable modem 110 to the headend server 116 for additional processing before the data may be transferred to the Internet 118. The CMTS 114 also acts as an interface between cable modem 110 and other cable modems on the cable network 112. For example, the CMTS 114 can transfer data between cable modem 110 and another cable modem (not shown) on the cable network 112.
In accordance with the present invention, the cable modem 110 and the headend server 116 are adapted to send and receive data, respectively, in proprietary formats that deviate from standard DOCSIS protocols. In embodiments, the cable modem 110 is adapted to modify data packets in accordance with a proprietary header compression scheme prior to transmission over the cable network 112, and the headend server 116 is adapted to reconstruct the modified DOCSIS packets that are received from the cable modem 110 via the cable network 112 and the CMTS 114.
Input packet 202 represents a data packet generated by a user device for transmission over the cable network 112. The input packet 202 includes an 802.3 header 204, an IP header 206, a UDP header 208, an RTP header 210, a data payload 212, and a CRC field 214.
In embodiments, the input packet 202 can be generated by an application program running on the first data user 106 described above in reference to
The input packet 202 is transmitted to the cable modem 110, which determines whether or not the header information in the input packet 202 may be suppressed in accordance with a proprietary header suppression scheme. In embodiments, the proprietary header suppression scheme is a protocol-specific header suppression scheme that predictively modifies header fields based on an a priori knowledge of the various protocols with which the headers are associated.
If the header information may be suppressed, the cable modem 110 will suppress the 802.3 header 204, the IP header 206, the UDP header 208 and the RTP header 210. In an embodiment, all of the 802.3, IP, UDP and RTP headers are eliminated and replaced with a single byte reconstruction index. In the instance where the input packet 202 is a voice packet (i.e., the payload 212 is a voice payload), this scheme yields a 14-byte advantage per voice packet over the DOCSIS 1.1 header suppression technique.
By performing header suppression on the input packet 202, the cable modem generates a “compressed” data packet 204 for transmission over the DOCSIS network. As shown in
The proprietary header 216 includes information that indicates to a recipient of the compressed packet how to reconstruct it. In embodiments, this information includes an identification of the cable modem from which the compressed packet 204 has been transmitted.
In addition to performing header suppression on the input packet 202, the cable modem 110 also places a new 802.3 header 232 on the compressed packet 204. The new 802.3 header is necessary to address the compressed packet 204 to the headend server 116 which will reconstruct the compressed packet 204 in accordance with the proprietary header suppression protocol. By appending the new 802.3 header 232 addressed to the headend server 116 onto the compressed packet 204, the cable modem 110 assures that the compressed packet 204 will be passed to the headend server 116 by the CMTS 114 for the necessary additional processing instead of being processed by the CMTS 114 and transmitted to the Internet 118.
In an alternate embodiment, the headend server 116 may not be directly connected to the CMTS 114 but instead be connected via the Internet 118. In such an alternate embodiment, the cable modem 110 would have to place a new IP address on the front of the compressed data packet 204 in addition to the new 802.3 header 232 in order to address compressed data packets to the headend server. The present invention is directed to such an alternative embodiment.
The headend server 116 is adapted to reconstruct the compressed data packet 204 in accordance with the proprietary header suppression protocol to generate a reconstructed data packet 206. As shown in
After the headend server 116 has generated the reconstructed packet 206, it can send it back to the CMTS 114 for transfer to another cable modem on the cable network 112 or to the Internet 118, or the headend server 116 can transfer the reconstructed packet 206 directly to the Internet 118.
At step 302, the cable modem 110 is turned on and initiates a handshaking routine with the CMTS 114 via the cable network 112 to inform the CMTS 114 that the cable modem 110 is now present and active on the cable network 112. During the handshaking process, the cable modem 110 downloads a configuration file from the CMTS 114 that includes the address information for the headend server 116. The cable modem 110 then sends identification and configuration information to the headend server 116 using standard DOCSIS packets. In response, the headend server 116 allocates internal memory that is used to store configuration information for the cable modem 110. In embodiments, the headend server 116 also allocates internal memory that is used to store packets received from the cable modem 110. Previously received packet information can be used by the headend server 116 to reconstruct compressed packets received from the cable modem 110, where the compression scheme is based in part on sending only incremental changes to the fields of a packet.
At step 304, a user device (e.g., first telephone 102, second telephone 104, first data user 106, or second data user 108) generates a data packet for transmission over the cable network 112. In embodiments, the data packet may comprise the input packet 202 of
At step 306, the cable modem 110 receives the data packet from the user device and performs header suppression as appropriate in accordance with a proprietary header suppression routine as described in more detail in reference to
At step 308, the cable modem 110 sends a request for bandwidth for data transmission to the CMTS 114 in accordance with the DOCSIS protocol.
At step 310, the CMTS 114 generates a Map that grants the request and provides upstream slot specification to the cable modem 110.
At step 312, the cable modem 110 receives the grant via the Map message from the CMTS 114.
At step 314, the cable modem 110 utilizes its slot to transmit the compressed data packet to the CMTS 114.
At step 316, the CMTS 114 receives the compressed data packet and examines the new 802.3 header. Because the new 802.3 header is addressed to the headend server 116, the CMTS 114 will pass the compressed data packet to the headend server 116 instead of processing it as a standard DOCSIS packet, as shown at step 318.
At step 320, the headend server 116 receives the compressed data packet, removes the new 802.3 header, and reconstructs the compressed data packet to generate a reconstructed data packet in accordance with a proprietary header suppression protocol. In embodiments, the reconstructed data packet comprises the reconstructed data packet 206 of
At step 322, the headend server 116 sends the reconstructed data packet back to the CMTS 114 for transfer to another cable modem on the cable network 112 or to the Internet 118, or the headend server 116 can transfer the reconstructed packet 206 directly to the Internet 118.
The example cable modem system and methods described above provide for the transfer and headend processing of data in accordance with specialized data transfer protocols while utilizing conventional cable modem termination system (CMTS) equipment and software. Because the above described system and methods utilize an Ethernet-addressable headend server to perform reconstruction of data packets modified in accordance with a proprietary data transfer protocol, no modification of CMTS equipment or software is required. It should be noted that where a CMTS includes a router that directly passes packets to the Internet backbone, some software modification may be required to redirect compressed packets to the headend server. However, such software modification would be very minimal and inexpensive.
An alternate cable modem system embodiment in accordance with the present invention utilizes CMTS software components to perform the reconstruction functions described above in regard to the headend server 116 of
For example,
In contrast,
Further improvements in bandwidth utilization may be achieved where a cable modem system in accordance with the invention utilizes both the CMTS hardware and software, as opposed to just the CMTS software, to perform the reconstruction of compressed packets.
Each of the above configurations is achievable even within the confines of a DOCSIS-compliant system, because DOCSIS is designed to accommodate upstream transmissions from cable modems to the headend on a shared and scheduled medium. More specifically, DOCSIS requires the CMTS to determine the configuration of cable modems that are active on the cable network and to allocate predetermined slots of bandwidth to each modem in response to requests from each cable modem. Accordingly, the CMTS will have the necessary advance information to determine how to handle packets originating from each cable modem on its local cable network, and be able to process them accordingly. Thus, embodiments of the present invention permit the use of proprietary data transfer algorithms that may vary from modem to modem by allowing the headend equipment to receive modified DOCSIS packets in a DOCSIS-compliant manner.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/783,403, filed Feb. 15, 2001, by Bunn et al., (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,388,884), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. This application is related to the following non-provisional applications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/427,792, entitled “System and Method for Multiplexing Data from Multiple Sources,” filed Oct. 27, 1999, by Limb et al., (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,251); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/783,311, entitled “System and Method for Combining Requests for Data Packets by a Data Provider for Transmission of Data Over an Asynchronous Communication Medium,” filed Feb. 15, 2001, by Gummalla et al., (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,999,414); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/783,404, entitled “Method, System and Computer Program Product for Scheduling Upstream Communications,” filed Feb. 15, 2001, by Sala et al., (pending); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/783,405, entitled “System and Method for Suppressing Silence in Voice Traffic over an Asynchronous Communication Medium,” filed Feb. 15, 2001, by Gummalla et al., (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,993,007); and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/785,020, entitled “Voice Architecture for Transmission Over a Shared, Contention Based Medium,” filed Feb. 15, 2001, by Gummalla et al., (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,203,164); all of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4534024 | Maxemchuk et al. | Aug 1985 | A |
4712210 | Davis et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
5341374 | Lewen et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5421030 | Baran | May 1995 | A |
5425027 | Baran | Jun 1995 | A |
5469495 | Beveridge | Nov 1995 | A |
5515379 | Crisler et al. | May 1996 | A |
5539449 | Blahut et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5570355 | Dail et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5606561 | Scheibel, Jr. et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
5742592 | Scholefield et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5756280 | Soora et al. | May 1998 | A |
5850400 | Eames et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5963557 | Eng | Oct 1999 | A |
5982780 | Bohm et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6032197 | Birdwell et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6055268 | Timm et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6151297 | Congdon et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6185224 | Limb et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6230326 | Unger et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6233687 | White | May 2001 | B1 |
6259695 | Ofek | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6438123 | Chapman | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6466986 | Sawyer et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6484318 | Shioda et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6510162 | Fijolek et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6580730 | Loukianov | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6618386 | Liu et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6643780 | Cooper | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6715075 | Loukianov | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6732179 | Brown et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
6788707 | Horton et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6804251 | Limb et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6993007 | Gummalla et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6999414 | Gummalla et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7203164 | Gummalla et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
20010030975 | Limb et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010053152 | Sala et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
WO 9945678 | Sep 1999 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20070263663 A1 | Nov 2007 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 09783403 | Feb 2001 | US |
Child | 11878123 | US |