Patent Application
20240306910
The present application relates to medical instruments. More particularly, the present application relates to a sphygmomanometer, to a Bluetooth electronic sphygmomanometer, in particular to a sphygmomanometer based on a reversible air pump, and especially to an electronic sphygmomanometer using the MWI (measuring while inflating) method.
Most existing electronic sphygmomanometers work on the MWD (measuring while deflating) method for measurement of blood pressure values. The MWD method is about inflating a cuff with an air pump until the cuff compress the arm to the extent that it cuts the blood flow in the brachial artery, then gradually deflating the cuff, and pressure data are measured during the decompression process. Such an existing sphygmomanometer using the MWD method structurally needs an electromagnetic valve working with an air pump for inflating the cuff and a quick bleeding valve for deflating the cuff under control. Consequently, the known sphygmomanometer is packed with mechanical components and becomes structurally complicated. In particular, the electromagnetic valve and the bleeding valve together with their controlling units take considerable space in the interior of the sphygmomanometer, making microminiaturization of the sphygmomanometer difficult.
Also, most existing electronic sphygmomanometers are formed as a bulky box with a display attached thereto. Therefore, in order to allow such a sphygmomanometer to be affixed to the wrist or arm of a to-be-measured object stably, it is desired that the cuff connected to the main body of the sphygmomanometer has an increased width matching that of the main body. However, this unavoidably enlarges the sphygmomanometer and its fixtures in size, and in turn makes the sphygmomanometer inconvenient to handle and store during daily use. Moreover, all the existing electronic sphygmomanometers, whether they are MWD-based or MWI-based, are equipped with a controlling unit, a display, and several function buttons. For powering sophisticated measuring operations actuated by these function buttons and for powering the display to present related messages and data to the user, it is necessary for such an existing electronic sphygmomanometer to have a high-capacity battery, which further increases the overall volume of the sphygmomanometer and is adverse to microminiaturization.
As to its mechanical structure, such an electronic sphygmomanometer is usually designed with special considerations given to pressure and deflation. In order not to hinder deflation, the internal components of the sphygmomanometer are typically arranged around the axis of the air pump, causing them to be stacked at the radial plane of the air pump. This layout can disadvantageously increase the electronic sphygmomanometer in all dimensions. For example, the patent document numbered CN215457972U discloses a wrist type electronic sphygmomanometer, which comprises a face shell and a bottom shell. The face shell is equipped with an on-off key and an LCD display screen. The bottom shell at its bottom is formed with a battery room and a battery cover. A cavity is formed between the face shell and the bottom shell for receiving a circuit board and an inflation mechanism. The inflation mechanism comprises an air pump installed in the cavity, a 6-way silicone tube communicated with an air supply tube of the air pump, an electromagnetic valve communicated with the 6-way silicone tube, and an air supply tube joint of the wrist strap communicated with the 6-way silicone tube and extending to the bottom of the bottom shell. The electromagnetic valve has an its exhaust tube joint extending to the bottom of the bottom shell. Pressure sensors are arranged at the top of the 6-way silicone tube, close to the position of the connecting hole of the air pump, close to the position of the connecting hole of the electromagnetic valve and close to the position of the connecting tube joint of the wrist strap air supply tube, respectively.
There are also electronic sphygmomanometers in the prior art that are configured to work with smart terminals. For example, the patent document numbered CN203000916U provides a pedestal for an electronic sphygmomanometer, wherein the pedestal contains a Bluetooth communication module. However, the function of Bluetooth communication is not built in the electronic sphygmomanometer but comes from modular expansion. This fact makes the known sphygmomanometer bulky and less handy.
Another known electronic sphygmomanometer, as disclosed in CN112584763A, is equipped with the capability of wireless communication, and its capability in this term is almost equivalent to the device provided by CN203000916U because they both rely on modular expansion. Although this type of sphygmomanometer uses integrated modules, circuits contained therein are substantively separate each other, such as those chips and circuits for measuring and analyzing blood pressures and electrocardiographic patterns, an air pump unit for inflation (including a valve controlling unit), a communication module, and related controlling units. Such an electronic sphygmomanometer, while being rich in function, is far from being small and handy. In fact, it is more like a professional medical instrument design for trained medical staff than a home healthcare device intended for daily use.
There are also solutions in the art about associating an electronic sphygmomanometer with a smart terminal, but only to realize advance functions, such as user reminding, health data logging or transmission, at the smart terminal. Of course, there are some more sophisticated designs. For example, CN112334887A discloses a solution where image recognition is used to communicate manual contents and operational instructions.
There are also wearable sphygmomanometers like the device described in the patent document numbered CN107752997A. While the known electronic sphygmomanometer, for being wearable, is relatively small in size, it is questionable in terms of accuracy. This is because the prior-art device performs indirect pressurization by using a mechanical tightening means to compress a wrist collar that contains a pre-inflated airbag, instead of using an air pump for pressurization to achieve an oscillometric measurement. Specifically, the elastic material used to form the airbag and the air volume in the airbag are likely to have variations over time, and these variations are less predictable as these variables are highly subject to material elasticity but also environmental parameters, such as air temperature and pressure. As a result, not only is accurate measurement (not to mention medical-grade accuracy) a challenge, but there is risk of failure in measurement. All the electronic sphygmomanometer discussed previously are provided as a standalone device that operates with the display and operational buttons packed on its surface, and this highly-packed layout is usually a cause of poor user experience.
In addition, since there is certainly discrepancy between the prior art comprehended by the applicant of this patent application and that known by the patent examiners and since there are many details and disclosures disclosed in literatures and patent documents that have been referred by the applicant during creation of the present application not exhaustively recited here, it is to be noted that the present application shall actually include technical features of all of these prior-art works, and the applicant reserves the right to supplement the application with the related art more existing technical features as support according to relevant regulations.
To address the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application is made. It relates to medical instruments. More particularly, the present application relates to a sphygmomanometer, to a Bluetooth electronic sphygmomanometer, in particular to a sphygmomanometer based on a reversible air pump, and especially to an electronic sphygmomanometer using the MWI (measuring while inflating) method. The aim of the present application is to realize miniaturization and portability of sphygmomanometers while ensuring accurate measurement of blood pressure values.
The inventive sphygmomanometer comprises a main body and a cuff. The cuff contains therein an airbag that can be inflated and deflated. Preferably, the cuff has two forms of armband and wristband.
Further, the cuff defines a first connecting surface mechanically coupled to the main body and a second connecting surface configured to be wound around the wrist and arm of a to-be-measured object. The second connecting surface is integrally formed with the first connecting surface and is mechanically separated from the main body.
The main body primarily comprises a casing, a circuit board, a reversible air pump, a battery, and a switch installed on the surface of the casing. The circuit board integrates thereon a main controlling unit, a driving unit, a detecting unit, and a charging unit.
Particularly, the switch on the surface of the casing is only used to turn on/off the sphygmomanometer and switch Bluetooth working states. Except for the switch, all operating units of the sphygmomanometer related to measurement of blood pressure values are provided on a smart terminal that is bound with the sphygmomanometer by means of wireless communication. The smart terminal is configured to provide operational instructions to the sphygmomanometer, such as starting measurement, stopping measurement, and/or performing dynamic measurement.
Preferably, the main controlling unit primarily comprises a controlling chip. The operating units as well as the displaying unit related to measurement are powered by the smart terminal bound with the sphygmomanometer by means of wireless communication. Instructions to the operating units and the displaying unit are transmitted and processed by the controlling chip. In summary, the chip has two main functions: enabling wireless communication with the smart terminal; and performing tasks related to measurement of blood pressure values. Hence, it is preferably in the present application that the controlling chip is a Bluetooth chip, particularly a Bluetooth chip of specifications of Bluetooth 4.0 or above that features low energy.
Preferably, the driving unit of the sphygmomanometer may include an inflation driver, a reversible air pump, and a driving circuit. The reversible air pump has in terms of its control signals exclusively electrically connected to the controlling chip. The reversible air pump has an airflow passage. The direction of an airflow passing through the airflow passage is determined by motor rotation directions. The airflow passage may be inflating passage and/or a deflating passage. The reversible air pump is configured to change its operating conditions according to variations of the polarity of the current flow in the driving circuit it is located in. The operating conditions include a first operating condition wherein the motor is driven to rotate in the forward direction so it inflates the cuff and a second operating condition wherein the motor is driven to rotate in the reverse direction so it deflates the cuff.
The inflation driver has in terms of its control signals exclusively electrically connected to the controlling chip, and is configured to activate and/or switch and/or end the working states of the reversible air pump according to the measurement instructions issued by the controlling chip.
Preferably, the detecting unit of the sphygmomanometer comprises a pressure sensor installed on the circuit board and comprises an analog-to-digital converter as well as a detecting circuit. The pressure sensor has a detection air pipe that extends into the cuff through the detection air channel so as to acquire pressure signals. The pressure signals are analog voltage signals, which are converted into digital signals by the analog-to-digital converter before being sent to the controlling chip.
Preferably, the charging unit of the sphygmomanometer comprises a data interface, a battery together with a battery managing module, an interface circuit, and a charging circuit. The data interface is used to charge the battery of the sphygmomanometer via the interface circuit and the charging circuit. The battery is used to power the components of the sphygmomanometer. The battery managing module is used to provide the battery with reliable over-charge and/or over-discharge protection, over-current and/or over-heat protection and fault diagnosis. Particularly, the data interface may be further connected to other health-detecting devices in mechanical way and via signals, so as to obtain additional health-monitoring functions.
The battery is integrated in the main body, or is removably installed in the main body. In addition to power-consuming units of the battery itself and sensors related to the measurement, the sphygmomanometer only have the Bluetooth chip and the reversible air pump as power-consuming units thereof.
As to the mechanical structure, the casing of the inventive sphygmomanometer comprises a shell and an end cap, which jointly define some cavity therebetween. The cavity is shaped to the layout of internal components of the sphygmomanometer. The cavity in the present embodiment may be formed as a pump cavity for receiving the reversible air pump and a battery cavity for receiving the battery.
Preferably, the main body and the cuff are removably connected in a first arrangement where the axis of the reversible air pump is parallel to a third direction or in a second arrangement where the axis of the reversible air pump is parallel to a first direction.
In the first arrangement, the main body is perpendicularly mounted onto the first connecting surface of the cuff in the negative direction of then third direction. The components in the sphygmomanometer are tightly arranged along the third direction and around the reversible miniature air pump. In the second arrangement, the main body is mounted onto the first connecting surface of the cuff in the first direction connection. The components in the sphygmomanometer are tightly arranged along the first direction and around the reversible miniature air pump.
The beneficial effects of the present application are described in the following paragraph.
Most traditional electronic sphygmomanometers have a display integrated with the main body, and, for ensuring good legibility and integrity of the displayed information, the display must have a significant size, which means it takes a considerable area on the surface of the main body. In addition, these traditional electronic sphygmomanometers usually have multiple function buttons arranged on the surface of the main body, and a complete set of function buttons also occupies a large area in the surface of the main body. These jointly limit microminiaturization of the sphygmomanometers. As compared to the prior-art devices, the sphygmomanometer of the present application removes the display, and move the displaying unit and all the operating units related to measurement of blood pressure values except for the switch to an external smart terminal. In other words, control instructions to the sphygmomanometer given by a user from the smart terminal are wirelessly transmitted to the main body, and measurement results are then wirelessly transmitted to and displayed at the smart terminal. As such, design of the sphygmomanometer is released from restrictions coming with the necessity of arranging the display and the function buttons on the surface of the sphygmomanometer, thereby giving designer more opportunities to further simplify and optimize the internal structure of the sphygmomanometer.
Further, the inventive sphygmomanometer implements the MWI method, which is an oscillometric method. It is well known that oscillometric methods are the most reliable solution for non-invasive blood pressure measurement, and therefore measurement accuracy is secured with the inventive sphygmomanometer.
Moreover, the sphygmomanometer of the present application employs a reversible air pump that can be switched between inflation and deflation by simply changing the rotation direction of the motor. This allows the inventive sphygmomanometer to omit an electromagnetic valve used in traditional sphygmomanometers (i.e., sphygmomanometers using the MWD method) for deflation. Furthermore, since the sphygmomanometer of the present application is based on the MWI method and thus it detects the pressure in the period when the artery is pressed, the inventive device does not need any quick bleeding valve for quick deflation and pressure relief. As such, it is clear that the present application, by eliminating the need of an electromagnetic valve and a quick bleeding valve, reduces manufacturing costs, simplifies the internal structure of the electronic sphygmomanometer, and creates more opportunities for microminiaturization than traditional electronic sphygmomanometer.
On the basis of the configuration described previously, two exemplificative arrangements of the main body and the cuff are provided herein. The first one is that the main body is perpendicularly connected to the first connecting surface of the cuff in the third direction connection, and the second arrangement is that the main body is parallelly connected to the first connecting surface of the cuff in the first direction. Whether it is the first arrangement or the second arrangement, the internal components of the sphygmomanometer are closely arranged around the reversible air pump and in a certain direction. This means that the inventive sphygmomanometer is optimized in terms of internal structure design. Additionally, in the present application, the connection/disconnection between the main body and the cuff is direct and simple, so can be easily realized by directly plugging in/pulling out, making the inventive sphygmomanometer user-friendly. To sum up, the inventive sphygmomanometer implements a scientific method for measurement of blood pressure, eliminates abundant components, and optimize the internal structure. With the three-pronged strategy, the present application enables microminiaturization and portability while providing high measurement accuracy of a sphygmomanometer.
In this document, any directional expression related to any component is for the sake of reading convenience and by no means forms any limitation to the present application. It is also to be understood that, throughout the disclosure, spatial descriptions like “central”, “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inner” and “outer” are indicated with respect to the orientation or locational relationship shown in the figures, and are only for laconic descriptions of relevant components, without indicating or implying that the described devices or components must have any certain orientation, or be constructed or operated in any certain orientation, so they shall never be construed as any limitation to the present application. In addition, any ordinal number such as “first” or “second” used herein is merely for differentiating clearly a claimed element having a certain name from another claimed element having the same name, and has no ordinal or technical significance. Unless otherwise specified, as used herein, “connection” and “coupling” both include direct and indirect connection (coupling).
The present application relates to a sphygmomanometer, and particularly to a Bluetooth electronic sphygmomanometer featuring a reversible air pump. The sphygmomanometer involves technical contents in terms of mechanical structure and hardware structure. Referring to
As to hardware, according to one preferred mode, as shown in
The driving unit of the inventive sphygmomanometer may comprise an inflation driver, a reversible air pump 103, and a driving circuit 4. The reversible air pump 103 and the inflation driver are connected to each other and both electrically connected to the Bluetooth chip 3. The inflation driver is preferably a motor driver. The inflation driver is configured to control the working states of the reversible air pump according to measurement instructions issued by the Bluetooth chip 3, so as to, for example, turn on/off the reversible air pump, or switch the reversible air pump between working modes. The airflow passage of the reversible air pump 103 is switchable between two modes, namely the inflating passage mode and the deflating passage mode, according to the forward or reverse rotation of the motor. In other words, the reversible air pump 103 can change between operating conditions with variations of the polarity of the current flow in its driving circuit 4. Specifically, when the motor is driven to rotate in the forward direction, the reversible air pump 103 is in the first operating condition wherein it inflates the cuff, and when the motor is driven to rotate in the reverse direction, the second operating condition is in the second operating condition wherein it deflates the cuff. For example, an air pump disclosed in the patent document numbered 217682211U comprises an inflating passage formed by an airbag, a buffering air chamber and an air inlet, and a deflating passage formed by an air outlet and an air inlet connected together. When the motor rotates forward, the airflow enters the cuff through the air inlet. At this time the air pump is in the inflation operating condition. When the motor rotates in the reverse direction, the airflow goes out of the cuff through the air outlet. At this time the air pump is in the deflation operating condition. Control the motor of the reversible air pump 103 for forward or reverse rotation can be accomplished by adjusting the polarity of the current flow in the driving circuit 4. Since circuit structures having this feature are well known in the art, details related thereto are omitted herein for conciseness.
In the present application, the detecting unit comprises a pressure sensor 111 mounted on the circuit board 102, an analog-to-digital converter, and a detecting circuit 5. The pressure sensor 111 has a detection air pipe passing through the detection air channel and extending into the cuff to acquire pressure signals. The pressure signals are analog voltage signals that are to be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter before sent to the Bluetooth chip 3.
In the present application, the charging unit comprises a data interface 110, a battery 104, a battery managing module, an interface circuit 6, and a charging circuit 7. The data interface 110 is used to charge the battery 104 of the sphygmomanometer through the interface circuit 6 and the charging circuit 7. The battery 104 is used to power the various components of the sphygmomanometer. The battery managing module is used to provide the battery 104 with reliable over-charging and/or over-discharge protection, over-current and/or over-heat protection, and fault diagnosis. Particularly, data interface 110 may further be connected to another health monitoring device (such as a plug-in 8) in terms of mechanical connection and/or signal connection so as to obtain more health-monitoring functions.
Preferably, the battery 104 of the sphygmomanometer may be integrated in the main body 1. Alternatively, the battery 104 may be removably installed in the main body 1. In an alternative mode, in addition to power-consuming units of the battery 104 itself and sensors related to the measurement, the sphygmomanometer only have the Bluetooth chip 3 and the reversible air pump 103 as power-consuming units thereof.
It is to be noted that since the Bluetooth chip 3 serves for not only communication but also operations related to blood pressure measurement, and the motor has to be driven to rotate forward or reversely for the reversible air pump 103 to accomplish inflation or deflation, they are jointly responsible for most power consumption of the sphygmomanometer, so it is arguable that the Bluetooth chip 3 and the reversible air pump 103 jointly define how power-consuming the sphygmomanometer is. Of course, the managing module of battery 104 itself and the pressure sensor 111 for blood pressure measurement, and the analog-to-digital converter, and even the Bluetooth antenna all consume energy, but their aggregative energy consumption is at least one order, or even several orders, of magnitude smaller than that of the combination of the Bluetooth chip 3 and the reversible air pump 103. In this case, it is arguable that the only two meaningful power-consuming units in the inventive sphygmomanometer are the Bluetooth chip 3 and the reversible air pump 103.
According to one preferred mode, as shown in
The RX pin and the TX pin of the Bluetooth chip 3 are connected to the interface circuit 6. When the data interface 110 is connected to an external power source, the RX pin and the TX pin realize level shifting for charging. When the data interface 110 is connected to other health monitoring devices (such as a plug-in 8), the RX pin and the TX pin are used to establish communication with these devices.
Further, the interface circuit 6 leads power into the charging circuit 7 so the charging circuit 7 can charge the battery 104. The charging circuit 7 is connected to the Bluetooth chip 3 through the PROG pin and the CHG pin of the Bluetooth chip 3, so that the charging circuit 7 can have a constant charging current under the control of the Bluetooth chip 3 and that the Bluetooth chip 3 can monitor the charging circuit 7. The Bluetooth chip 3 is connected to the detecting circuit through the SCK pin and the DATA pin, and then connected to the pressure sensor 111 so as to acquire air pressure variations during the MWI method. The Bluetooth chip 3 is connected to the driving circuit 4 through the PWM pin so as to drive the reversible air pump 103 to inflate and/or deflate the cuff 2 and control and hold the inflation speed stable.
More preferably, the remaining pins of the Bluetooth chip 3 left idle may be connected to a plug-in managing circuit for managing external health monitoring devices (such as a plug-in 8), and further connected to a mobile APP through BLE so as to form a plug-in measurement and management system.
The technical contents of the hardware structure of the inventive sphygmomanometer have been described and the mechanical structure of the sphygmomanometer will be further detailed below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
For convenient description, the direction in which the cuff 2 is worn onto the arm of the user is defined as the first direction; the direction that is parallel to the first connecting surface of the cuff 2 and perpendicular to the first direction is defined as the second direction; and the normal direction that is perpendicular to the first connecting surface of the cuff 2 is defined as the third direction. When placed into the X-Y-Z coordinate system as shown in
As shown in
The casing of the main body 1 may be composed of a shell 101 and an end cap 106. Specifically, the shell 101 and the end cap 106 are fixedly combined. In an alternative mode, the shell 101 and the end cap 106 may be detachably assembled. Depending on the arrangement of the main body 1 and the cuff 2, the shell 101 may have different contours so as to correspondingly accommodate the other components arranged in the main body 1, as detailed below with reference to two embodiments.
According to one preferred mode, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
According to one preferred mode, the circuit board 102 is provided with a data interface 110 at its side close to the battery 104 and the data interface 110 is arranged in the positive direction of the third direction. The end cap 106 is further provided with a switch 112. The data interface 110 is used to charge the sphygmomanometer or is connected by wires to a terminal for wired data transmission. Further, the data interface 110 is a port made according to the USB specifications, such as a mini-USB port, a micro-USB port, or a Type-C port, wherein a Type-C port is most preferred.
The circuit board is essentially a circuit board integrating numerous electronic units thereon. In the present embodiment, the circuit board 102 incorporates a main controlling unit, a computing and analyzing unit, a communicating unit, and an analog-to-digital converter. The button 111 and the reversible air pump 103 are both in communicative connection with the main controlling unit. The main controlling unit receives the instruction made through the button 111 and then sends intermediate instruction to the reversible air pump 103. The reversible air pump 103, according to the instruction issued by the main controlling unit, performs inflation or deflation. The analog-to-digital converter receives the pressure data measured by the pressure sensor and converts the data into electrical signals to be sent to the computing and analyzing unit. The computing and analyzing unit process the signals obtained through analog-to-digital conversion so as to get the final detection results. The results are then wirelessly sent to the mobile terminal through the communicating unit. Alternatively, the final detection results generated by the computing and analyzing unit through data processing may be transmitted by wires to the mobile terminal through the data interface 110. Preferably, the computing and analyzing unit may be in communicative connection with the data interface 110 by means of asynchronous communication (URAT).
As shown in
As shown in
As a further improvement on Embodiment 1, in the present embodiment, the main body 1 extends along the first direction and is roughly parallelly inserted onto the first connecting surface 201 of the cuff 2, as shown in
According to one preferred mode, as shown in
As shown in
According to one preferred mode, the reversible air pump 103 has its axial direction parallel to the first direction and has its outer peripheral surface provided with a retaining sleeve 128 that is adapted to a retaining groove 127 formed on the inner wall of the shell 101 so that the reversible air pump 103 can be fixed in the cavity. Further, at the outer peripheral side of the reversible air pump 103, the battery 104 and the circuit board 102 are arranged opposite to each other and in the first direction. They are fixed in the battery cavity 121 and in the board cavity 119 of the casing, respectively.
As shown in
As such, the three-way pipe 118 and the valve 109 of the reversible air pump 103 form an airflow passage and a detection passage. The airflow passage is formed by the valve 109, the first port 122, and the third port 124, so that the reversible air pump 103 can smoothly inflate and deflate the cuff 2. The detection passage may be formed by the pressure sensor 111, the second port 123, and the third port 124. Therein, the detection air pipe (not shown) of the pressure sensor 111 extends from the detection passage into the cuff so as to acquire pressure signals. Further, the three-way pipe 118 has retaining plates 126 on both the end in the third direction and the end of the third port 124. Correspondingly, matching retaining grooves 127 are formed on the inner wall of the casing, so that the three-way pipe 118 can be secured on the inner wall of the casing.
Thus, the three-way pipe 118 connects the valve 109 of the reversible air pump 103 to the cuff 2, so that the airflow passage can turn from the first direction, in which the valve 109 extends, to the third direction. This well addresses the problem how the cuff 2 can be inflated when the main body 1 is arranged in the first direction arrangement.
As shown in
The traditional electronic sphygmomanometers using the MWD method collect data in the process of deflation, and therefore need an electromagnetic valve for enabling deflation as well as a mechanical or electromagnetic quick bleeding valve for controlling the speed of deflation. Differently, the inventive sphygmomanometer uses the MWI method and thus can simply collect pressure data while inflating. This eliminates the need of a quick bleeding valve for quick deflation and pressure relief Additionally, since the reversible air pump 103 is capable of inflation and deflation itself, there is no need for an additional electromagnetic valve for the purpose of deflation. This significantly reduces manufacturing costs while preventing complicity of internal structure due to redundant components of the sphygmomanometer, thereby allowing further microminiaturization of the sphygmomanometer. Moreover, in the present application, the main body 1 and the cuff 2 are connection in a simple way, so the user can assemble or dissemble the components through easy insertion and pull. This significantly facilitates handling and storage of the sphygmomanometer, thereby improving the sphygmomanometer in portability.
It is to be noted that the embodiments described above are exemplificative. Various solutions are apparent to people skilled in the art with the enlightenment of the present disclosure, and all those solutions form a part of the disclosure of the present application as they all fall within the scope of the present application. It is thus to be understood by people skilled in the art that the description and accompanying drawings provided by the present application are only illustrative but not limiting to claims of the present application. The scope of the present application shall be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202320485287.6 | Mar 2023 | CN | national |
