(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a waterless urinals and more particularly, to waterless urinal cartridges that include a mechanism to reduce the splashing of fluids exiting the cartridge into a housing or other connected plumbing elements in order to reduce precipitant buildup and to assist in cleaning.
(2) Description of Related Art
Water is a scarce and diminishing resource in many areas of the world. It is widely recognized that more must be done to conserve its usage as populations grow and climates change. Water conserving products are becoming increasingly important not only for quality of human life but also for sanitary and subsistence reasons.
There have been many water conserving measures taken across the world in an effort to deal with limited and diminishing resources. Many municipalities have come up with rationing plans. Others have invested in waste-water recycling treatment and re-use.
There have also been many water conserving products introduced to the market place. These products are becoming more widely used by the industry and home owners as regulations and the rising cost of water usage drive the need for change. Non-flushing urinal designs use far less water than traditional urinals, saving up to 40,000 gallons of water a year from a single urinal. Non-flushing urinals generally comprise three major components: a porcelain urinal, a housing, and a cartridge. The porcelain urinal component is very similar to that of a traditional urinal. The housing replaces a traditional P-trap which normally would connect a urinal to a building's plumbing. Thus, the housing sits in-line between the building's plumbing and the bottom of the urinal where the drain pipe would normally connect. The cartridge fits in the housing and can be removed for servicing and replacement.
There are two types of cartridges for non-flushing urinals: liquid trap style cartridges and mechanical trap style cartridges. The liquid trap style cartridge serves two purposes. First, it acts as a barrier from sewer gasses and odors coming into the restroom. Second, it acts as a filer removing some of the solids that precipitate from human urine (urine is a super saturated liquid). Human urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with the remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration, urea 9.3 g/L, chloride 1.87 g/L, sodium 1.17 g/L, potassium 0.750 g/L creatinine 0.670 g/L and other dissolved ions, inorganic and organic compounds, according to the NASA Contractor Report No. NASA CR-1802, D. F. Putnam, July 1971. The liquid trap style cartridge works by using two mechanisms. First, urine fills the P-trap of the cartridge forming a barrier against the sewer gasses—just as water does in a traditional P-trapped urinal. Second, a layer of low density fluid, such as oil, is placed in the trap so that it floats on top of the urine. This floating oil forms a barrier keeping unpleasant urine smells from entering the bathroom. As a user urinates into the urinal, fresh urine enters the cartridge, sinks through the floating oil barrier, and presses old urine out of the trap and out through the housing exit tube and into the building's plumbing.
The mechanical trap style non-flushing urinals work in a slightly different manner. All components are similar to the above mentioned liquid trap style of non-flushing urinal except for the cartridge. In this case, the liquid sealant is replaced with some form of a valve that allows urine to go through, while blocking gas and odor from escaping back through the system and into the restroom. An example of this trap is one made by Liquidbreaker and subject of U.S. Pat. No. 7,900,288. In this model two silicone valves are used that rest on plastic seats. When urine flows down on top of the silicon valve at the center of the cartridge, the valve is opened by the weight of the urine. When the urine drips off the valve and into the housing, the valve closes sealing out gasses.
Although there are some significant water-saving benefits from using non-flushing urinals, there are also some drawbacks. One of the most significant is the formation of Struvite in the pipes, housing, and on the mechanical valve components of the mechanical type cartridge. Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) is a phosphate mineral with formula: NH4MgPO4.6H2O. Struvite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as white to yellowish or brownish-white pyramidal crystals or in platey mica-like forms. It is a soft mineral with Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and has a low specific gravity of 1.7. It is sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline conditions, but readily soluble in acid.
While flushing urinals also produce buildup in the pipes, it is found to be more of a hard calcified nature. With non-flushing urinals, it has been found that struvite formation is more common; particularly in areas of slow velocity flows or high splash. The struvite builds up mostly in the leg from the urinal to the building's down pipes in both the mechanical and the liquid trap non-flushing systems unless they are regularly flushed out with water—the building's down pipes receive water from other sources in the building and are thus often rinsed. Struvite also tends to build up in the bottom of the urinal housing, leaving a very unpleasant odor and appearance. This makes changing the cartridge an unpleasant chore for maintenance staff members. When pipes are clogged, they must be snaked out. This can be a difficult and unpleasant process as well.
Struvite also builds up in areas prone to splashing; for example the area underneath the exit of the cartridge. The splashing of urine causes solids to precipitate out of the urine and significant buildup can occur. Additionally, as noted above, struvite tends to build up where urine flow is slow or still. Prior art non-flushing urinal and trap designs suffer from splashing and/or slow flow and as a result, they tend to build up struvite deposits quickly. Increasing velocity of the flow, while minimizing the splash that occurs as the urine transfers from the cartridge or trap to the housing could provide significant improvements over the prior art by diminishing struvite formation.
For the foregoing reasons, it would be desirable to produce a better non-flushing urinal solution; one in which less struvite is formed, especially in the area immediately around the transition from the cartridge or trap mechanism and the housing or plumbing entrance. The present invention overcomes these problems and provides a mechanism to both reduce the splashing of and increase the velocity of urine exiting a non-flush urinal cartridge.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed descriptions of the various aspects of the invention in conjunction with reference to the following drawings, where:
The present invention relates to a waterless urinals and more particularly, to waterless urinal cartridges that include a mechanism to reduce the splashing of fluids exiting the cartridge into a housing or other connected plumbing elements in order to reduce precipitant buildup and to assist in cleaning.
In a first aspect, the present invention comprises a fluid exit portion for a splash-reducing urinal cartridge, where the exit portion includes a splash reducer for causing the fluid to exit the cartridge in a splash-reduced manner.
In another aspect, the splash reducer is a spout which may include a tapered exit area.
In still another aspect, the spout has converging fins that assist in urging fluid to collect in a progressively narrower channel.
In yet another aspect, the splash reducer is configured such that when the cartridge is installed in a urinal, the splash reducer urges fluid exiting the cartridge to flow in a direction selected from a group consisting of substantially parallel to an exit of a housing into which the cartridge is installed and proximate the splash reducer; and substantially parallel to building plumbing proximate the splash reducer; whereby the fluid exits the cartridge in a splash-reduced manner.
In a further aspect, the splash reducer is adjustable in a manner selected from a group consisting of being formed of a flexible material and being hinged with respect to a portion of the cartridge; thereby causing the cartridge to be easier to install.
In a still further aspect, the splash reducer includes a fluid exit portion. When the cartridge is installed in a housing the fluid exit portion resides in an location selected from a group consisting of below a bottom portion of the cartridge and below the bottom portion of the housing.
In a yet further aspect, the splash reducer further compromises a fluid flow surface for receiving flowing fluid and where the fluid flow surface is coated with a hydrophobic coating.
In another aspect, the splash reducer further comprises a fluid flow surface for receiving flowing fluid. The exit portion further comprises an exit wall for delivering fluid from the cartridge to the splash reducer such that fluid flowing from the exit wall encounters the splash reducer in a direction substantially parallel to the fluid flow surface at a location where the flowing fluid encounters the fluid flow surface. Thus, when fluid flows through the exit portion, the fluid handoff between the exit wall and the splash reducer is splash-reduced.
In yet another aspect, the present invention comprises a spout formed to increase the velocity of fluid exiting therefrom. The spout may be progressively tapered and may be configured to direct the fluid exiting therefrom toward a desired target.
Finally, as can be appreciated by one in the art, the present invention also comprises a method for forming and using the invention described herein.
The present invention relates to a waterless urinals and more particularly, to waterless urinal cartridges that include a mechanism to reduce the splashing of fluids exiting the cartridge into a housing or other connected plumbing elements in order to reduce precipitant buildup and to assist in cleaning.
The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the an to make and use the invention and to incorporate it in the context of particular applications. Various modifications, as well as a variety of uses in different applications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to a wide range of embodiments. For example, the individual components described may be formed as discrete parts or integrated together as a single unit. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments presented, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without necessarily being limited to these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with this specification and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of al such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference. All the features disclosed in this specification, (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Furthermore, any element in a claim that does not explicitly state “means for” performing a specified function, or “step for” performing a specific function, is not to be interpreted as a “means” or “step” clause as specified in 35 U.S.C. Section 112, Paragraph 6. In particular, the use of “step of” or “act of” in the claims herein is not intended to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, Paragraph 6.
Before describing the invention in detail, an introduction is provided to give the reader a general understanding of the present invention. Next, a description of various aspects of the present invention is provided to give an understanding of the specific details.
(1) Introduction
Non-flushing urinals use virtually no water, relying on one of two types of traps to seal out gas and odor, the first is a mechanical trap with a mechanical odor barrier, and the second is a liquid trap with a lighter-than-wastewater liquid barrier. The present invention is intended to overcome many of the shortcomings associated with both types of traps; an example being minimizing the buildup of struvite that tends to occur in the housing and the immediate drain pipe leg that connects the housing to the building's plumbing system by increasing the velocity of the flow and diminishing the splash of effluent which causes the formation of struvite.
The present invention accomplishes this in two ways. First, the path of the liquid effluent is constricted as it approaches the housing or building's drainage pipe. This constriction has the effect of increasing the exit fluid velocity. Second, it utilizes a malleable pour spout that can move out of the way during insertion (e.g., by flexing or hinging), then move back to is original configuration once insertion is completed. This is important because most housings currently in the market and already installed to accept a replacement cartridge have a trough area. This trough area can be an advantage as it keeps sewer backwash from entering the housing body and helps fluids drain away from the housing. However, in current systems, the trough area is generally around ½ to ¾ inches distant from the cartridge exit/drip edge, allowing fluids to splash which results in greater struvite buildup.
In order to clearly understand the benefits of the present invention, first features of current systems are presented. For clarity, reference numbers of elements referred to in the prior art figures are affixed with “-P.” Corresponding similar elements in figures pertinent to the present invention are not affixed. Thus, for example, reference number 100-P is used to indicate a cartridge housing in prior art figures, whereas reference number 100 is used to indicate a similar element in figures used to show aspects of the present invention.
An example of the exterior of a prior art cartridge 100-P is presented in
The same prior art cartridge 100-P is shown in
A cutaway cross-section side view of the cartridge 100-P is shown in
A top view of a prior art cartridge 100-P is shown in
(2) Details of the Invention
The present invention teaches an improved cartridge with a fluid exit portion configured to reduce splashing of and/or increase the velocity of urine exiting the cartridge into a housing and/or a building's plumbing. A side view of a cartridge 100 according to the present invention is shown in
It is desirable that the wipers 502 are made from a compliant material that can deform when it touches the inside of the housing wall Non-limiting examples of materials used in pluming that are flexible and would be good for making the wipers 502 include thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), and silicon. The wipers 502 can be attached with the cartridge 100 in a variety of ways, a non-limiting example includes injection molding them directly onto the cartridge (counting on both a mechanical and a molecular bond). This is a common process known as dual-injection or co-injection and it will be understood by anyone skilled in the art of injection molding Another non-limiting example of ways to attach the wipers 502 includes injection molding the wipers and then bonding them to the cartridge 100. This is accomplished in the post process using an appropriate resin capable of bonding the wiper material to the cartridge material. A still further non-limiting example of a way to attach the wipers 502 to the cartridge 100 is through welding using high frequency or other means to melt the two surfaces together.
A rear view of the cartridge 100 of
The cartridge 100 of
An external side view of a housing body 200 for receiving a cartridge 100 according to the present invention is presented in
A cross-sectional cutaway side view of the housing body 200 of
A front cross-sectional view of the housing body 200 of
A side cross-sectional view of the housing body of
A side cross-sectional view of the housing body 200 of
When the cartridge 100 needs to be replaced or when the system of the present invention is initially installed, maintenance personnel will place the cartridge 100 into the housing body 200 and rotate the cartridge 100 until the locking tines 110 of the cartridge 100 fully engage the locking tine keyways 1000 of the housing body 200. In the process of rotation, the wipers 502 will clear off at least some wastewater buildup on the inside of the housing body 200. Upon full engagement, the wipers 502 prevent splash and restrain wastewater from leaving the discharge section 320 and the housing exit tube 204.
The cutaway view shown in
Still referring to
A top view of the cartridge 100 of
The cartridge 100 and the housing 200 of
The cartridge 100 and the housing 200 of
The pour spout 500 has elevated walls forming a channel of decreasing width, which both directs and increases the velocity of wastewater passing out of the cartridge 100 and into the housing exit tube 204 (which, in turn, is connected with a building's plumbing; not shown). As can be seen in
The cartridge 100 and the housing 200 combinations are shown in
A blown-up cross section of a wiper 502 is shown in
A version of the present invention that includes a mechanical trap 2100 is shown in
The pour spout 2108 of the mechanical trap cartridge 100 can be manufactured with all of the techniques and variations previously discussed with regard to fluid trap versions and can be similarly adapted for use with housing bodies 200 that have horizontal housing exit tubes 204 and vertical housing exit tubes 204. Thus, the pour spout 2008 can be formed to sit below the level of the housing bottom 326 in the housing trough 324 (in some cases, in fluid communication with the housing trough 324) while being flexible to permit a twist-to-lock configuration.
With the combination of a pour spout 500 that can flex, hanging below the cartridge 100 and into the housing trough 324, a tapered shape to the cartridge exit 104 (when measured from top of the overflow level 318 to the pour spout 500), a generally U-shaped cartridge exit 104, and a generally U-shaped area proximate the overflow level 318, higher velocity with a narrowed, focused, aimed, stream can be created where previously liquid was allowed to simply flow substantially vertically and splash into the bottom of the housing and trough area. A similar exit configuration can be used for both fluid barrier and mechanical trap-type cartridges 100. This is a meaningful advantage over the prior art, as the splash is a major cause of struvite precipitation and buildup. Further, the narrowed and focused fluid stream afforded by the present invention can also help to clear out any struvite buildup that has occurred, as it serves to “power wash” the area to where it is directed. As mechanical traps are often flushed with water, this cleaning action can be a very large advantage not only during regular use, but also during water flushes.
A further example of a cartridge 100 according to the present invention is shown in a side view in
The following list of elements is provided for ease of reference.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/828,153, filed May 28, 2013, titled “Tapered High Velocity Exit with Flexible Tip,” U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/928,999, filed Jan. 17, 2014, titled “Tapered High Velocity Exit with Flexible Tip.” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/828,169, filed May 28, 2013, titled “Wrap Around Baffle with Vented Cone Shaped Top,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/828,165, filed May 28, 2013, titled “Hybrid Trap With Water Injection Cleaning.”
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61928999 | Jan 2014 | US | |
61828153 | May 2013 | US | |
61828165 | May 2013 | US | |
61828169 | May 2013 | US |