Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6343791
-
Patent Number
6,343,791
-
Date Filed
Monday, August 16, 199925 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, February 5, 200222 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
- Knight; Anthony
- Pickard; Alison K.
Agents
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 277 323
- 277 327
- 277 342
- 277 537
- 277 538
- 277 603
- 277 341
- 277 339
- 166 116
- 166 141
- 166 195
- 166 120
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
The present invention generally provides a seal assembly, or seal array, having a seal body and one or more non-extrusion end rings to prevent or minimize extrusion of the seal body between either the packer assembly and the casing or between the packer assembly and the gauge ring used to energize the seal assembly. More particularly, the end ring of the present invention has discrete deformable portions, which may be integrally encapsulated within a resilient cover or which may be provided as separate end ring members. The discrete deformable portions may further be provided with a deformable hinge portion formed therebetween.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates generally to sealing devices and, more particularly, to seals, packings and the like used in environments wherein at least a portion of the sealing device is subjected to extrusion forces. Typically, such forces are experienced by down hole oil tools. For example, in the application of a down hole packer, the area between the oil tool and the well casing is sealed.
2. Related Art
Sealing devices, such as seals or packings, whether of the dynamic or static type, are typically made of materials which, to some extent are resilient or at least deformable. In order to seal effectively, it may typically be necessary for the sealing device to be placed under some compressive loading between the components of the assembly to be sealed. Because of the compressive load and the deformable nature of at least a portion of the seal, if the seal is subjected to sufficient pressure and temperature, there may be a tendency for portions of the seal to be subjected to extrusion forces which may distort the seal and impair its effectiveness as a seal. In more severe cases, such forces may also force portions of the seal into clearances between the components to be sealed.
Previous solutions have been contemplated to prevent or minimize such extrusion problems. For example,
FIG. 2
shows a prior seal assembly, or seal array,
200
, including a seal body
110
and a pair of non-extrusion end rings
230
. Traditional non-extrusion end rings
230
of this type are of one-piece design and are typically constructed of stainless steel wire mesh woven and compacted to provide for controlled deformation while preventing or minimizing extrusion within the annulus formed between the packer assembly
10
and the casing
30
desired to be sealed. A problem with this type of seal array arises as the portion of the non-extrusion end rings
230
proximate the packer assembly
10
may tend to lift outwardly away from the packer assembly
10
as compressive forces are applied to energize the seal body
110
as the portion of the non-extrusion end rings
230
proximate the casing
30
deform radially outward and away from the seal body to fill the annulus
40
therebetween. To minimize the portion of the end rings
230
proximate the mandrel, or body,
50
from lifting away from the packer mandrel
50
, other prior seal arrays such as seal array
300
shown in
FIG. 3
have provided a notch
330
integrated within the end ring
320
. The notch
330
provides a pivot point to control the location of the pivot and to minimize lifting of the end ring
320
from the packer mandrel
50
. Such an arrangement has not proven to be sufficient to prevent or adequately minimize extrusion by the seal body
110
, particularly between the end ring
320
and the packer mandrel
50
. Other prior seal arrays have provided complex arrangements of wedges or other configurations, which also have proven impractical or insufficient.
Accordingly, there is a need for a packer assembly and, more particularly, a seal assembly having a simple, inexpensive, non-extrusion end ring that will minimize lifting of the end ring from the packer mandrel and minimize or prevent extrusion of the seal body within the annulus provided between the packer assembly and the casing, between the element and the mandrel, and between the end ring itself and the packer assembly.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a non-extrusion end ring for use with a packer seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against a packer mandrel, wherein the non-extrusion ring includes at least first and second discrete deformable portions. A feature of this aspect of the invention is that the first discrete deformable portion may be an axial sealing portion for preventing extrusion of a resilient seal body between a packer mandrel and a packer gauge ring, and the second discrete deformable portion may be a radial sealing portion for preventing extrusion of the resilient seal body between the gauge ring and the inside wall of the casing. Another feature is that the axial sealing portion may be adapted to move generally axially along the packer mandrel. The radial sealing portion may also be adapted to move generally radially away from the packer mandrel and generally outwardly away from the seal body to seal an annulus between the packer gauge ring and the inside wall of the well casing. Yet another feature is that the non-extrusion end ring may further include a resilient, deformable, hinge portion disposed between the axial and radial sealing portions.
Still another feature is that the resilient, deformable, hinge portion may be fixedly connected to or integral with the seal body, and the resilient, deformable, hinge portion may be fixedly connected to the axial and radial sealing portions of the non-extrusion end ring. Further, the axial sealing portion may be disposed between the packer mandrel and the radial sealing portion, and the non-extrusion end ring may include a retaining ring associated therewith and located proximate the packer mandrel and the axial sealing portion of the non-extrusion end ring. Still further, the axial and radial sealing portions may each comprise wire mesh, and the wire mesh of the axial sealing portion may be encapsulated within a resilient coating. The resilient coating of the axial sealing portion may be rubber, and the wire mesh of the radial sealing portion may be encapsulated within a resilient coating. Further, the resilient coating of the radial sealing portion may also be rubber. As an alternative to providing a resilient coating, the wire mesh may be impregnated with a resilient material.
Yet another feature of this aspect of the invention is that the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions may each be separately encapsulated within a resilient coating, and the resilient coating may be rubber. Further, the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions may be encapsulated together within a resilient coating, and the resilient coating may be rubber.
In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a seal array for use with a packer having a packer mandrel and first and second gauge rings for compressing and energizing the seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against the packer mandrel, comprising: a resilient seal body; at least a first and second non-extrusion end ring disposed proximate opposing ends of the seal body between the seal body and the first and second gauge rings, respectively; and each of the non-extrusion rings including at least first and second discrete deformable portions.
A feature of this aspect of the present invention is that the first discrete deformable portion may be an axial sealing portion for preventing extrusion of the seal body between the packer mandrel and a packer gauge ring, and wherein the second discrete deformable portion is a radial sealing portion for preventing extrusion of the resilient seal body between the gauge ring and the inside wall of the casing. The axial sealing portion may be adapted to move generally axially along the packer mandrel, and the radial sealing portion may be adapted to move generally radially away from the packer mandrel and generally outwardly away from the seal body to seal an annulus between a packer gauge ring and the inside wall of the well casing. The seal array may further include a resilient, deformable, hinge portion disposed between the axial and radial sealing portions, and the resilient, deformable, hinge portion is fixedly connected to or integral with the seal body. The resilient, deformable, hinge portion may be fixedly connected to the axial and radial sealing portions of the non-extrusion end ring, and the axial sealing portion may be disposed between the packer mandrel and the radial sealing portion.
Another feature of this aspect of the invention is that the seal body may include a retaining ring associated therewith and located proximate the packer mandrel and the axial sealing portion of the non-extrusion end ring. Further, the axial and radial sealing portions may each comprise wire mesh, and the wire mesh of the axial sealing portion may be encapsulated within a resilient coating. The resilient coating of the axial sealing portion may be rubber, and the wire mesh of the radial sealing portion may be encapsulated within a resilient coating. The resilient coating of the radial sealing portion may be rubber, and the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions may each be separately encapsulated within a resilient coating, which may be rubber. Further, the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions may be encapsulated together within a resilient coating, and the resilient coating may be rubber.
In still another aspect, the invention may be directed to a packer assembly to seal against the inside wall of a well casing, comprising: a packer mandrel; a seal array disposed around the packer mandrel, including: a resilient seal body; at least a first and second non-extrusion end ring disposed proximate opposing ends of the seal body; each of the non-extrusion rings including at least first and second discrete deformable portions; and first and second gauge rings disposed around the packer mandrel on opposing ends of the seal array for compressing and energizing the seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against the packer mandrel. A feature of this aspect of the invention is that the first discrete deformable portion may be an axial sealing portion for preventing extrusion of the seal body between the packer mandrel and a packer gauge ring, and the second discrete deformable portion may be a radial sealing portion for preventing extrusion of the resilient seal body between the gauge ring and the inside wall of the casing.
Another feature of this aspect of the invention is that the axial sealing portion may be adapted to move generally axially along the packer mandrel, and the radial sealing portion may be adapted to move generally radially away from the packer mandrel and generally outwardly away from the seal body to seal an annulus between a packer gauge ring and the inside wall of the well casing. The packer assembly may further include a resilient, deformable, hinge portion disposed between the axial and radial sealing portions, and the resilient, deformable, hinge portion may be fixedly connected to or integral with the seal body, wherein the resilient, deformable, hinge portion may be fixedly connected to the axial and radial sealing portions of the non-extrusion end ring. The axial sealing portion may be disposed between the packer mandrel and the radial sealing portion.
Still another feature of this aspect of the invention is that the seal body may include a retaining ring associated therewith and located proximate the packer mandrel and the axial sealing portion of the non-extrusion end ring. Further, the axial and radial sealing portions may each comprise wire mesh, and the wire mesh of the axial sealing portion may be encapsulated within a resilient coating, wherein the resilient coating of the axial sealing portion may be rubber. Further, the wire mesh of the radial sealing portion may be encapsulated within a resilient coating, which may be rubber. Still further, the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions may each be separately encapsulated within a resilient coating, which may be rubber. Still further, the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions may be encapsulated together within a resilient coating, and the resilient coating may be rubber.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
So that the manner in which the above recited features, advantages and objects of the present invention are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
FIG. 1
is a combined elevational and cross-sectional view of a packer within a section of casing incorporating a sealing assembly in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2
is a partial view, partly in cross-section, of a first prior non-extrusion end ring, shown in connection with a conventional seal body.
FIG. 3
is a partial view, partly in cross-section, of a second prior non-extrusion end ring, shown in connection with a conventional seal body.
FIG. 4
is a partial view, partly in cross-section, of a first embodiment of a non-extrusion end ring of the present invention shown in connection with a conventional seal body.
FIG. 5
is a partial view, partly in cross-section, of a second embodiment of a non-extrusion end ring of the present invention shown in connection with an improved seal body in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6
is a partial view, partly in cross-section, of a third embodiment of a non-extrusion end ring of the present invention shown in connection with an improved seal body in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally provides a seal assembly, or seal array, having a seal body and one or more non-extrusion end rings to prevent or minimize extrusion of the seal body between either the packer assembly and the casing or between the packer assembly and the gauge ring used to energize the seal assembly. More particularly, the end ring of the present invention has discrete deformable portions, which may be integrally encapsulated within a resilient cover or which may be provided as separate end ring members. The discrete deformable portions may further be provided with a deformable hinge portion formed therebetween.
First Embodiment
FIG. 4
illustrates a seal assembly
400
according to a first embodiment of the present invention, shown disposed around a packer mandrel
50
and between two packer gauge rings
20
of a packer assembly
10
. Packer assembly
10
is shown disposed within a section of well casing
30
within a production well. Seal assembly, or seal array,
400
includes a seal body
110
disposed around packer mandrel
50
between the packer mandrel
50
and an inside surface
32
of casing
30
. An annular space
40
is provided initially between seal body
110
and the inside surface
32
of casing
30
to enable the unset packer to be inserted in the wellbore during running operations of the packer assembly
10
. It is this annular space
40
within which the seal body
110
is designed to be expanded to seal a desired downhole section within the casing
30
. Seal body
110
includes a v-shaped notch
120
to facilitate proper expansion of the seal body
110
within the casing
30
to seal against the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
. Packer assembly
10
includes a pair of gauge rings
20
disposed on opposing sides of the seal body
110
, at least one of which is adapted to slide along packer mandrel
50
in a direction towards seal body
110
to engage and energize seal body
110
. Gauge rings
20
may typically have an outer diameter approximating the drift diameter of the packer assembly
10
. An annular space is, therefore, generally provided between the gauge rings
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
to facilitate running of the packer assembly
10
within casing
30
.
Seal assembly
400
further includes non-extrusion end rings
410
disposed around the packer mandrel
50
and between the seal body
110
and the gauge rings
20
to prevent or minimize extrusion of the seal body between the mandrel
50
and the gauge rings
20
and between the gauge rings
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
. In the first embodiment, the non-extrusion rings
410
comprise a first deformable portion
420
and a second deformable portion
430
. The first and second deformable portions
420
,
430
are preferably discrete sealing portions, each of which are preferably a discrete interlocking wire mesh unit.
In the context of the present invention, discrete sealing portions may include sealing portions
420
,
430
in which the wire mesh in one sealing portion does not interlock between the two sealing portions. It should be noted that the discrete sealing portions
420
,
430
may be joined and/or encapsulated by a common resilient member, as described further hereinafter, or may otherwise be connected to one another. However, the wire mesh units comprising the discrete sealing portions
420
,
430
do not interlock in the preferred embodiment or otherwise engage with one another. As a result, one of the sealing portions
420
,
430
is permitted to pivot, or flare, and move generally radially away from the mandrel
50
and generally outwardly away from the seal body
110
while the other of the sealing portions
420
,
430
is permitted to move generally axially along the mandrel
50
between the seal body
110
and the gauge ring
20
without being lifted away from the mandrel
50
by the movement of the other sealing portion
420
,
430
because they are not connected.
Preferably, the first sealing portion
420
is an axial sealing portion, which is adapted to move generally axially along the mandrel
50
without lifting away from the mandrel
50
as the gauge ring
20
compresses the non-extrusion end ring
410
against the seal body
110
to engage the seal body
110
. The second sealing portion
430
is preferably a radial sealing portion
430
.
The radial sealing portion
430
is adapted to flare and move generally radially away from the mandrel
50
and generally outward away from the seal body
110
as the seal body
110
is engaged outward by the compressive force from the gauge ring
20
. The radial and outward movement of radial seal portion
430
as seal body
110
expands to fill the annular space
40
causes radial seal portion
430
to fill the annular space
40
between the seal body
110
and the gauge ring
20
thus preventing or minimizing extrusion of the resilient seal body
110
within the annular space
45
between the gauge ring
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
.
The axial sealing portion
420
is adapted to move axially along the mandrel
50
as the gauge ring
20
moves generally toward and compresses the seal body
110
. The axial movement of axial sealing portion
420
without induced rotation from radial sealing portion
430
as gauge ring
20
compresses the seal body
110
allows the axial sealing portion
420
to maintain full contact of its inside surface against the mandrel
50
. By preventing or minimizing lifting of the axial sealing portion
420
from the surface of the mandrel
50
, seal body
110
is minimized or prevented from extruding between the axial sealing portion
420
and the mandrel
50
, which prevents or minimizes extrusion of the seal body
110
between the gauge ring
20
and mandrel
50
.
In the first embodiment, non-extrusion end ring
410
further includes a resilient, non-mesh, hinge portion
440
. Hinge portion
440
is disposed between the axial and radial sealing portions
420
,
430
, and is preferably constructed of HNBR rubber, but could be constructed of any resilient, deformable material having the desired characteristics. Preferably, the material is suitably sized and selected with sufficient resilience to allow movement of the radial sealing portion
430
without translating the movement of the radial sealing portion
430
to the axial sealing portion
420
, which could otherwise lift the axial sealing portion
420
from the surface of the mandrel
50
. The interlocking mesh material selected for the radial and axial sealing portions
430
,
420
is conventional, and may preferably be a woven and compacted mesh of interlocking stainless steel wire. However, it should be noted that other suitable materials may be selected having the desirable characteristics. It should also be noted that the hinge portion
440
may be a separate ring of resilient material, the hinge portion
440
may be bonded to or otherwise attached to sealing portions
420
,
430
, or it may be encapsulated along with sealing portions
420
,
430
within a coating of rubber or other suitable material to provide a composite unit of
3
discrete elements. Also note that, in an alternative embodiment, the resilient material is impregnated into the base material, or elements (as opposed to coating the base materials or elements), to form the composite unit.
Second Embodiment
FIG. 5
illustrates a seal assembly
500
according to a second embodiment of the present invention, shown disposed around a packer mandrel
50
and between two packer gauge rings
20
of a packer assembly
10
. Packer assembly
10
is shown disposed within a section of well casing
30
within a production well. Seal assembly, or seal array,
500
includes an improved seal body
560
disposed around packer mandrel
50
between the packer mandrel
50
and an inside surface
32
of casing
30
. An annular space
40
is provided initially between seal body
560
and the inside surface
32
of casing
30
to enable the unset packer to be inserted in the wellbore during running operations of the packer assembly
10
. It is this annular space
40
within which the seal body
560
is designed to be expanded to seal a desired downhole section within the casing
30
. Seal body
560
includes a v-shaped notch
120
to facilitate proper expansion of the seal body
560
within the casing
30
to seal against the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
. Packer assembly
10
includes a pair of gauge rings
20
disposed on opposing sides of the seal body
560
, which are adapted to slide along packer mandrel
50
in a direction towards seal body
560
to engage and energize seal body
560
. Gauge rings
20
may typically have an outer diameter approximating the drift diameter of the packer assembly
10
to centralize the assembly. An annular space is, therefore, generally provided between the gauge rings
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
to facilitate running of the packer assembly
10
within casing
30
.
Seal assembly
500
further includes non-extrusion end rings
510
disposed around the packer mandrel
50
and between the seal body
560
and the gauge rings
20
to prevent or minimize extrusion of the seal body
560
between the mandrel
50
and the gauge rings
20
and between the gauge rings
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
. In the second embodiment, the non-extrusion rings
510
comprise a first deformable portion
520
and a second deformable portion
530
. The first and second deformable portions
520
,
530
are preferably discrete sealing portions, each of which are preferably a discrete interlocking wire mesh unit. In the context of the present invention, discrete sealing portions may include sealing portions
520
,
530
in which the wire mesh in one sealing portion does not interlock between the two sealing portions. The wire mesh units comprising the discrete sealing portions
520
,
530
do not interlock or otherwise engage with one another. As a result, one of the sealing portions
520
,
530
is permitted to flare and move generally radially away from the mandrel
50
and generally outwardly away from the seal body
560
while the other of the sealing portions
520
,
530
is permitted to move generally axially along the mandrel
50
between the seal body
560
and the gauge ring
20
without being lifted away from the mandrel
50
by the radial and outward movement of the other sealing portion
520
,
530
.
Preferably, the first sealing portion
520
is an axial sealing portion
520
, which is adapted to move generally axially along the mandrel
50
without lifting away from the mandrel
50
as the gauge ring
20
compresses the non-extrusion end ring
510
against the seal body
560
to engage the seal body
560
. The second sealing portion
530
is preferably a radial sealing portion
530
.
The radial sealing portion
530
is adapted to flare and move generally radially away from the mandrel
50
and generally outward away from the seal body
560
as the seal body
560
is engaged outward by the compressive force from the gauge ring
20
. The radial and outward movement of radial seal portion
530
as seal body
560
expands to fill the annular space
40
causes radial seal portion
530
to fill the annular space
40
between the seal body
560
and the gauge ring
20
thus preventing or minimizing extrusion of the resilient seal body
560
within the annular space
45
between the gauge ring
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
.
The axial sealing portion
520
is adapted to move axially along the mandrel
50
as the gauge ring
20
moves generally toward and compresses the seal body
560
. The axial movement of axial sealing portion
520
without induced rotation from radial sealing portion
530
as gauge ring
20
compresses the seal body
560
allows the axial sealing portion
520
to maintain full contact of its inside surface against the mandrel
50
. By preventing or minimizing lifting of the axial sealing portion
420
from the surface of the mandrel
50
, seal body
560
is minimized or prevented from extruding between the axial sealing portion
520
and the mandrel
50
, which prevents or minimizes extrusion of the seal body
560
between the gauge ring
20
and mandrel
50
.
In the second embodiment, the improved seal body
560
includes a resilient, non-mesh, hinge, or flange, portion
540
. Hinge portion
540
is integral with or otherwise connected to the seal body
560
and is adapted to be received by and/or otherwise disposed between the axial and radial sealing portions
520
,
530
. The seal body
560
and flange portion, or hinge portion
540
thereof is preferably constructed of HNBR rubber, but could be constructed of any resilient, deformable material having the desired characteristics. Preferably, the material is suitably sized and selected with sufficient resilience to allow flaring of the radial sealing portion
530
without translating the movement of the radial sealing portion
530
to the axial sealing portion
520
, which could otherwise lift the axial sealing portion
520
from the surface of the mandrel
50
. The interlocking mesh material selected for the radial and axial sealing portions
530
,
520
is conventional, and may preferably be a woven and compacted mesh of interlocking stainless steel wire. However, it should be noted that other suitable materials may be selected having the desirable characteristics.
Third Embodiment
FIG. 6
illustrates a seal assembly
600
according to a third embodiment of the present invention, shown disposed around a packer mandrel
50
and between two packer gauge rings
20
of a packer assembly
10
. The packer assembly
10
is shown disposed within a section of well casing
30
within a production well. Seal assembly, or seal array,
600
includes an improved seal body
660
disposed around packer mandrel
50
between the packer mandrel
50
and an inside surface
32
of casing
30
. An annular space
40
is provided initially between seal body
660
and the inside surface
32
of casing
30
to enable the unset packer to be inserted in the wellbore during running operations of the packer assembly
10
. It is this annular space
40
within which the seal body
660
is designed to be expanded to seal a desired downhole section within the casing
30
. Seal body
660
includes a v-shaped notch
120
to facilitate proper expansion of the seal body
660
within the casing
30
to seal against the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
. Packer assembly
10
includes a pair of gauge rings
20
disposed on opposing sides of the seal body
660
, which are adapted to slide along packer mandrel
50
in a direction towards seal body
660
to engage and energize seal body
660
. Gauge rings
20
may typically have an outer diameter approximating the drift diameter of the packer assembly
10
. An annular space is, therefore, generally provided between the gauge rings
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
to facilitate running of the packer assembly
10
within casing
30
.
Seal assembly
600
further includes non-extrusion end rings
610
disposed around the packer mandrel
50
and between the seal body
660
and the gauge rings
20
to prevent or minimize extrusion of the seal body
660
between the mandrel
50
and the gauge rings
20
and between the gauge rings
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
. In the first embodiment, the non-extrusion rings
610
comprise a first deformable portion
620
and a second deformable portion
630
. The first and second deformable portions
620
,
630
are preferably discrete sealing portions, each of which are preferably a discrete interlocking wire mesh unit. In the context of the present invention, discrete sealing portions may include sealing portions
620
,
630
in which the wire mesh does not interlock between the two sealing portions. It should be noted that the discrete sealing portions
620
,
630
may be encapsulated within a common rubber coating (or impregnated with) to form a single unit of two discrete elements, or may otherwise be connected to one another. However, the wire mesh units comprising the discrete sealing portions
620
,
630
do not interlock or otherwise engage with one another. As a result, one of the sealing portions
620
,
630
is permitted to flare and move generally radially away from the mandrel
50
and generally outwardly away from the seal body
660
while the other of the sealing portions
620
,
630
is permitted to move generally axially along the mandrel
50
between the seal body
660
and the gauge ring
20
without being lifted away from the mandrel
50
by the radial and outward movement of the other sealing portion
620
,
630
.
Preferably, the first sealing portion
620
is an axial sealing portion
620
, which is adapted to move generally axially along the mandrel
50
without lifting away from the mandrel
50
as the gauge ring
20
compresses the non-extrusion end ring
610
against the seal body
660
to engage the seal body
660
. The second sealing portion
630
is preferably a radial sealing portion
630
.
The radial sealing portion
630
is adapted to flare and move generally radially away from the mandrel
50
and generally outward away from the seal body
660
as the seal body
660
is engaged outward by the compressive force from the gauge ring
20
. The radial and outward movement of radial seal portion
630
as seal body
660
expands to fill the annular space
40
causes radial seal portion
630
to fill the seal the annular space
40
between the seal body
660
and the gauge ring
20
thus preventing or minimizing extrusion of the resilient seal body
660
within the annular space
45
between the gauge ring
20
and the inside surface
32
of the casing
30
.
The axial sealing portion
620
is adapted to move axially along the mandrel
50
as the gauge ring
20
moves generally toward and compresses the seal body
660
. The axial movement of axial sealing portion
620
without induced rotation from radial sealing portion
630
as gauge ring
20
compresses the seal body
660
allows the axial sealing portion
620
to maintain full contact of its inside surface against the mandrel
50
. By preventing or minimizing lifting of the axial sealing portion
620
from the surface of the mandrel
50
, seal body
660
is minimized or prevented from extruding between the axial sealing portion
620
and the mandrel
50
, which prevents or minimizes extrusion of the seal body
660
between the gauge ring
20
and mandrel
50
.
In the third embodiment, improved seal body
660
includes a pair of retaining rings
640
on opposing ends of seal body
660
, each of which may comprise a non-mesh deformable ring similar in materials to that of seal portions
620
,
630
, it may be a brass or bronze, or it may be constructed of any other suitable materials having the desired characteristics. Retaining ring
640
may be either integrally molded within seal body
660
, or it may be separately inserted into grooves provided along opposing ends of seal body
660
along its inside diameter proximate mandrel
50
. In the third embodiment shown, the retaining ring
640
is preferably sized having essentially the same diameter of axial sealing portion
620
and is designed to abut axial sealing portion
620
upon compression and energizing of the seal body
660
by gauge ring
20
. The use of retaining ring
640
may assist in preventing or minimizing extrusion of seal body
660
between the axial sealing portion
620
and the mandrel
50
. Thus, the combination of the axial sealing portion
620
and the retainer ring
640
provides a double back-up system preventing extrusion. Preferably, the dimensions of sealing portions
620
,
630
are selected such that an annular gap
650
is provided initially between axial sealing portion
620
and retaining ring
640
when sealing portion
630
is initially engaged with seal body
660
. Accordingly, engagement and activation of the seal assembly
600
by gauge ring
20
will initially flare and expand sealing portion
630
before engagement between axial sealing portion
620
and seal body
660
. It should be noted that a conventional seal body
110
, having no retaining ring may also be used in connection with the third embodiment of the non-extrusion end rings
610
.
Referring now to
FIGS. 4 and 6
, the improved seal body
660
shown in
FIG. 6
may also be utilized in connection with the first embodiment of the non-extrusion end rings
410
shown in FIG.
4
and described in detail hereinabove. In such an embodiment (not shown), the axial sealing portion
420
would preferably be sized having a smaller outside diameter than that of retaining ring
640
of the improved seal body
660
. However, other configurations are contemplated having, for example, the same outside diameters between the axial sealing portion
420
and the retaining ring
640
.
Referring again to the third embodiment shown in
FIG. 6
, the interlocking mesh material selected for the axial and radial sealing portions
620
,
630
is conventional, and may preferably be a woven and compacted mesh of interlocking stainless steel wire. However, it should be noted that other suitable materials may be selected having the desirable characteristics.
Accordingly, while the foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. For example, any number of end rings may be utilized in connection with a particular seal assembly. Further, conventional or other seal bodies may be utilized in connection with any of the embodiments described herein. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims which follow. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6 for any limitations of any of the claims herein, except for those in which the claim expressly uses the word “means” together with an associated function.
Claims
- 1. An end ring for use with a packer seal array that seals against the inside wall of a well casing and against a packer body, the end ring comprising:at least first and second discrete deformable portions, wherein the first discrete deformable portion is an axial sealing portion abutting a seal body, and the second discrete deformable portion is a radial sealing portion abutting the seal body and positioned radially outside the first discrete deformable portion; and a resilient, deformable, hinge portion disposed between the axial and radial sealing portions.
- 2. The end ring of claim 1, wherein the axial sealing portion is adapted to move generally axially along the packer body.
- 3. The end ring of claim 2, wherein the radial sealing portion is adapted to move generally radially away from the packer body and generally outwardly away from the seal body to seal an annulus between a packer gauge ring and the inside wall of the well casing.
- 4. The end ring of claim 1, wherein the resilient, deformable, hinge portion is fixedly connected to or integral with the seal body.
- 5. The end ring of claim 1, wherein the resilient, deformable, hinge portion is fixedly connected to the axial and radial sealing portions of the end ring.
- 6. The end ring of claim 1, wherein the axial and radial sealing portions each comprise wire mesh.
- 7. The end ring of claim 6, wherein the wire mesh of the axial sealing portion is encapsulated within a resilient coating.
- 8. The end ring of claim 6, wherein the wire mesh of the radial sealing portion is encapsulated within a resilient coating.
- 9. The end ring of claim 6, wherein the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions are each separately encapsulated within a resilient coating.
- 10. The end ring of claim 6, wherein the wire mesh of both the axial and radial sealing portions are encapsulated together within a resilient coating.
- 11. The end ring of claim 6, wherein the wire mesh of the axial sealing portion is impregnated within a resilient material.
- 12. The end ring of claim 6, wherein the wire mesh of the radial sealing portion is impregnated within a resilient material.
- 13. A packer seal for sealing between a packer body and a wall of a well conduit, the packer seal comprising:a seal element having opposing ends; a first axial sealing portion and a second axial sealing portion for abutting the packer body and positioned proximal opposing sides of the seal element; a first radial sealing portion and a second radial sealing portion abutting opposing sides of the seal element; the first and second radial sealing portions positioned radially outside the first and second axial sealing portions respectively; and a first and second retainer ring abutting opposing sides of the seal element.
- 14. A seal array for use with a packer having a packer mandrel and first and second gauge rings for compressing and energizing the seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against the packer mandrel, the seal array comprising:a resilient seal body; at least a first and second end ring disposed proximate opposing ends of the seal body; and each of the rings including at least first and second discrete deformable portions, wherein the first discrete deformable portion is an axial sealing portion abutting the seal body; and the second discrete deformable portion is a radial sealing portion abutting the seal body and positioned radially outside the first discrete deformable portion, wherein the axial sealing portion is adapted to move generally axially along the packer mandrel, wherein the radial sealing portion is adapted to move generally radially outwardly from the packer mandrel, wherein the radial sealing portion is positioned radially outside the axial sealing portion, wherein each ring further comprises a hinge portion between the axial sealing portion and the radial sealing portion to enable the radial sealing portion to move generally radially outwardly without radially lifting the axial sealing portion.
- 15. The seal array of claim 14, wherein the hinge portion is attached to the axial and radial sealing portions.
- 16. The seal array of claim 15, wherein the hinge portion is formed of a resilient, deformable material to allow radial movement of the radial sealing portion without radially lifting the axial sealing portion.
- 17. The seal array of claim 14, wherein each ring further comprises a coating encapsulating the axial sealing portion, radial sealing portion, and hinge portion.
- 18. The seal array of claim 14, wherein the hinge portion is attached to the seal body.
- 19. The seal array of claim 14, wherein the hinge portion is integral with the seal body.
- 20. A seal array for use with a packer having a packer mandrel and first and second gauge rings for compressing and energizing the seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against the packer mandrel, the seal array comprising:a resilient seal body; at least a first and second end ring disposed proximate opposing ends of the seal body; and each of the rings including at least first and second discrete deformable portions, wherein the first deformable portion is adapted to move axially along the packer mandrel and the second deformable portion is adapted to move radially outwardly away from the packer mandrel, wherein each ring further comprises a hinge portion between the first and second deformable portions.
- 21. The seal array of 20, wherein the hinge portion is formed of a resilient, deformable material.
- 22. The seal array of claim 21, wherein the hinge portion is adapted to enable the second deformable portion to move radially outwardly without lifting the first deformable portion.
- 23. The seal array of claim 20, wherein each of the first and second discrete deformable portions comprises a wire mesh unit.
- 24. A packer assembly to seal against the inside wall of a well casing, comprising:a packer mandrel; a seal array disposed around the packer mandrel, the seal array comprising: a resilient seal body; at least a first and second end ring disposed proximate opposing ends of the seal body; each of the rings including at least first and second discrete deformable portions; and first and second gauge rings disposed around the packer mandrel on opposing ends of the seal array for compressing and energizing the seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against the packer mandrel, wherein the first deformable portion is adapted to move axially along the packer mandrel and the second deformable portion is adapted to move radially outwardly away from the packer mandrel, wherein the first and second deformable portions are not interlocked to enable the second deformable portion to move radially outwardly without lifting the first deformable portion.
- 25. The packer assembly of claim 24, wherein the first deformable portion is positioned radially between the packer mandrel and the second deformable portion.
- 26. A packer assembly to seal against the inside wall of a well casing, comprising:a packer mandrel; a seal array disposed around the packer mandrel, the seal array comprising: a resilient seal body; at least a first and second end ring disposed proximate opposing ends of the seal body; each of the rings including at least first and second discrete deformable portions; and first and second gauge rings disposed around the packer mandrel on opposing ends of the seal array for compressing and energizing the seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against the packer mandrel, wherein the first deformable portion is adapted to move axially along the packer mandrel and the second deformable portion is adapted to move radially outwardly away from the packer mandrel, wherein the first deformable portion is positioned radially between the packer mandrel and the second deformable portion, wherein each ring further comprises a resilient, deformable hinge portion disposed between the first and second deformable portions.
- 27. The packer assembly of claim 26, wherein the hinge portion is attached to the first and second deformable portions.
- 28. The packer assembly of claim 26, wherein the hinge portion is attached to the seal body.
- 29. The packer assembly of claim 26, wherein the hinge portion is integral with the seal body.
- 30. The packer assembly of claim 26, wherein each of the first and second deformable portions comprises wire mesh units.
- 31. A packer assembly to seal against the inside wall of a well casing, comprising:a packer mandrel; a seal array disposed around the packer mandrel, the seal array comprising: a resilient seal body; at least a first and second end ring disposed proximate opposing ends of the seal body; each of the rings including at least first and second discrete deformable portions; and first and second gauge rings disposed around the packer mandrel on opposing ends of the seal array for compressing and energizing the seal array to seal against the inside wall of a well casing and against the packer mandrel, wherein each end ring further comprises a retaining ring abutting the seal body.
- 32. The packer assembly of claim 31, wherein the retaining ring is disposed between the seal body and the first deformable portion.
- 33. The packer assembly of claim 32, wherein the retaining ring has a diameter sized to have substantially the same diameter as the first deformable portion.
- 34. The packer assembly of claim 33, wherein a combination of the first deformable portion and the retaining ring provides a double back-up system to prevent extrusion.
- 35. A packer seal for sealing between a packer body and a wall of a well conduit, the packer seal comprising:a seal element having opposing ends; a first axial sealing portion and a second axial sealing portion for abutting the packer body and positioned proximal opposing sides of the seal element; a first radial sealing portion and a second radial sealing portion abutting opposing sides of the seal element; and the first and second radial sealing portions positioned radially outside the first and second axial sealing portions respectively, wherein each of the first and second radial sealing portions is adapted to move radially outwardly without lifting a corresponding one of the first and second axial sealing portions.
- 36. A packer seal for sealing between a packer body and a wall of a well conduit, the packer seal comprising:a seal element having opposing ends; a first axial sealing portion and a second axial sealing portion for abutting the packer body and positioned proximal opposing sides of the seal element; a first radial sealing portion and a second radial sealing portion abutting opposing sides of the seal element; the first and second radial sealing portions positioned radially outside the first and second axial sealing portions respectively; a first resilient, deformable hinge portion disposed between the first axial sealing portion and the first radial sealing portion; and a second resilient, deformable hinge portion disposed between the second axial sealing portion and the second radial sealing portion.
- 37. The packer seal of claim 36, wherein the first and second axial sealing portions abut the seal element.
US Referenced Citations (25)