Patent Grant
11148013
The disclosure relates to inflatable sports balls.
A variety of inflatable sport balls, such as a soccer ball, conventionally exhibit a layered structure that includes a casing, an intermediate structure, and a bladder. The casing forms an exterior portion of the sports ball and is generally formed from a plurality of durable and wear-resistant panels joined together along abutting edge areas (e.g., with stitching, adhesives, or bonding), i.e., via a seam. Designs such as decorative elements and holistic textural patterns may be applied to the exterior surface of the casing. Decorative elements are conventionally applied via processes such as thermal transfer films or a release paper. Textural patterns are conventionally applied via processes such as embossing, debossing, stamping, molding, or laser etching.
The intermediate structure forms a middle portion of the sport ball and is positioned between the casing and the interior. Among other purposes, the intermediate structure may provide a softened feel to the sport ball, impart energy return, and restrict expansion of the bladder. In some configurations, the intermediate structure or portions of the intermediate structure may be bonded, joined, or otherwise incorporated into the casing as a backing material. In other configurations, the intermediate structure or portions of the intermediate structure may be bonded, joined, or otherwise incorporated into the interior.
A sports ball is provided. The sports ball may include an interior bladder and a cover disposed about the interior bladder. The cover may comprise a plurality of adjoining panels. The cover may further define an exterior surface. The cover may have an outer substrate layer that defines a plurality of plateau sections, a first plurality of indentations, and a second plurality of indentations. The plateaus may be disposed between the indentations, such that the indentations and the plateaus cooperate to define a topographical arrangement upon the exterior surface of the cover.
The first plurality of indentations may be defined as a plurality of seams configured to adjoin the plurality of panels or a plurality of depressions, such as pseudo seams. Each of the first plurality of indentations has a first maximum aspect ratio.
The second plurality of indentations may be defined as a plurality of channels. Each channel has a second maximum aspect ratio. The second maximum aspect ratio is greater than the first maximum aspect ratio.
While the present disclosure may be described with respect to specific applications or industries, those skilled in the art will recognize the broader applicability of the disclosure. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that terms such as “above,” “below,” “upward,” “downward,” etc., are used descriptively of the figures, and do not represent limitations on the scope of the disclosure, as defined by the appended claims. Any numerical designations, such as “first” or “second” are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way.
The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, or components. Orders of steps, processes, and operations may be altered when possible, and additional or alternative steps may be employed. As used in this specification, the term “or” includes any one and all combinations of the associated listed items. The term “any of” is understood to include any possible combination of referenced items, including “any one of” the referenced items. The term “any of” is understood to include any possible combination of referenced claims of the appended claims, including “any one of” the referenced claims.
The terms “a,” “an,” “the,” “at least one,” and “one or more” are used interchangeably to indicate that at least one of the items is present. A plurality of such items may be present unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. All numerical values of parameters (e.g., of quantities or conditions) in this specification, unless otherwise indicated expressly or clearly in view of the context, including the appended claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about” whether or not “about” actually appears before the numerical value. “About” indicates that the stated numerical value allows some slight imprecision (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly). If the imprecision provided by “about” is not otherwise understood in the art with this ordinary meaning, then “about” as used herein indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of measuring and using such parameters. In addition, a disclosure of a range is to be understood as specifically disclosing all values and further divided ranges within the range.
Features shown in one figure may be combined with, substituted for, or modified by, features shown in any of the figures. Unless stated otherwise, no features, elements, or limitations are mutually exclusive of any other features, elements, or limitations. Furthermore, no features, elements, or limitations are absolutely required for operation. Any specific configurations shown in the figures are illustrative only and the specific configurations shown are not limiting of the claims or the description.
The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various sports ball configurations and methods relating to manufacturing of the sport balls. Although the sports ball is depicted as a soccer ball in the associated Figures, concepts associated with the configurations and methods may be applied to various types of inflatable sport balls, such as basketballs, footballs (for either American football or rugby), volleyballs, water polo balls, etc. and a variety of non-inflatable sports balls, such as baseballs and softballs, may also incorporate concepts discussed herein.
Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like components throughout the several views, a sports ball 10 is provided. In a general sense, the sports ball 10 of the present disclosure includes a plurality of outer panels that each have an undulating or wave-like topographical surface design or texture. The undulating or wave-like topographical design is formed via indentations having a greater width to depth aspect ratio than that of a bounding seam or pseudo seam. Such a configuration has been found to provide aerodynamic consistency that is improved from conventional designs.
As shown in
In a non-inflatable example configuration of the sports ball 10, the interior 16 may be one of a solid mass and a hollow mass, fixed in size. In an inflatable example configuration of the sports ball 10, the interior 16 may be an interior bladder (
The cover 12 forms an exterior portion of the sports ball 10 and defines an exterior surface 13. The term cover 12 is meant to include any layer of the sports ball 10 that surrounds the interior 16. Thus, the cover 12 has a thickness 88 and may include both the outermost layer and also any intermediate layers, which are disposed between the interior 16 and the exterior surface 13. As shown in
In some embodiments, the outer substrate layer 24 may be composed of a polymeric material, a polymer foam material, or the like. Examples of suitable polymer materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyolefin, and the like.
The intermediate structure 14 may include a first intermediate cover layer 26 and a second intermediate cover layer 22. The first intermediate cover layer 26 is positioned between the outer substrate layer 24 and the second intermediate cover layer 22. The second intermediate cover layer 22 is positioned between the first intermediate cover layer 26 and the interior bladder 16. The second intermediate cover layer 22 may include the inner substrate surface 20, wherein the inner substrate surface 20 is positioned adjacent to the ball interior 16.
The respective cover layers 22, 26 of the intermediate structure 14 may be composed of a polymeric material, a polymer foam material, a foam material, textiles, or the like. Examples of suitable polymer materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyolefin, and the like. Examples of suitable polymer foam materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, ethylvinylacetate, and the like. Examples of suitable textile materials include, but are not limited to, a woven or knit textile formed from polyester, cotton, nylon, rayon, silk, spandex, or a variety of other materials. A textile material may also include multiple materials, such as a polyester and cotton blend. The intermediate structure 14 may further provide a softened feel to the sports ball, impart energy return, and restrict expansion of bladder 16, in an inflatable sports ball 10 example. In one example, the outer substrate layer 24 may be formed of a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU), the first intermediate cover layer 26 may be formed from a polymer foam material, and the second intermediate cover layer 22 may be formed from a textile material.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Further, the plurality of plateaus 35, the first plurality of indentations 38, and second plurality of indentations 34 cooperate to define a topographical arrangement 56 across the exterior surface 13 of the cover 12. As shown in
As shown in
In one example, as shown in
The panels 28 may be coupled along the abutting edge areas 36 by the seam 38 with stitching, bonding, welding, adhesives, or another suitable coupling method. As utilized herein, the term “welding” or variants thereof (such as “thermal bonding”) is defined as a technique for securing two elements to one another that involves a softening or melting of a polymer material within at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to each other when cooled. Similarly, the term “weld” or variants thereof (e.g., “thermal bond”) is defined as the bond, link, or structure that joins two elements through a process that involves a softening or melting of a polymer material within at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to each other when cooled. An example of welded seams 38 is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,599 to Raynak, et al., which is hereby entirely incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,599 to Raynak, et al. generally discloses examples of welded seams, in that welding generally produces a heat affected zone in which the materials of the two joined components are intermingled. This heat affected zone may be considered a “weld” or “thermal bond.” Further, welding may involve (a) the melting or softening of two panels that include polymer materials such that the polymer materials from each panel intermingle with each other (e.g., diffuse across a boundary layer between the polymer materials) and are secured together when cooled, as well as (b) the melting or softening a polymer material in a first panel such that the polymer material extends into or infiltrates the structure of a second panel (e.g., infiltrates crevices or cavities formed in the second panel or extends around or bonds with filaments or fibers in the second panel) to secure the panels together when cooled. Further, welding may occur when only one panel includes a polymer material or when both panels include polymer materials.
In an example wherein each of the first plurality of indentations 38 is defined as a seam, the first indentation width 43 is a seam width and the first indentation depth 41 is a seam depth. Accordingly, each seam 38 may have a seam maximum aspect ratio being defined as the ratio of the seam width 43 to the seam depth 41. In one example, the seam depth may be greater than 0.5 millimeters, more particularly the seam depth 41 may be from about 0.5 millimeters to about 0.75 millimeters. The seam width 43 may be from about 0.5 centimeters to about 0.65 centimeters.
In another example, the first plurality of indentations 38 may be defined as debossed features, such as pseudo seams 33. The pseudo seams may be positioned in areas of the cover 12 that correspond with the positions of seams 38 in a conventional twelve panel or four panel sports ball 10, in order to impart the appearance of seams 38, when the cover 12 has a substantially uniform or unbroken configuration that does not include panels 28 or includes fewer panels 28. The pseudo seams 33 may be positioned in areas of the cover 12 that correspond with the positions of seams 38 in a conventional twelve panel or four panel sports ball 10, in order to impart the appearance of seams 38, when the cover 12 has a substantially uniform or unbroken configuration that does not include panels 28 or includes fewer panels 28. The pseudo seams 33 may also be positioned in other areas of the cover 12 that do not correspond with the positions of seams 38 in a conventional twelve panel or four panel sports ball 10, such as interior portions of the respective panels 28, as shown by example in
Further, the first plurality of indentations including any seams 38 and pseudo seams 33 may further define a first aggregate deboss length. The first aggregate deboss length is defined as a sum of all of the seam lengths and all of the pseudo seam lengths. In some example embodiments, the first aggregate deboss length may be from about 135 centimeters to about 150 centimeters. As shown in the examples in
Referring to
The second plurality of indentations 34 may be defined as a plurality of channels. In some example embodiments, the channels 34 may be spaced apart from the seams 38 of the sports ball 10. In other example embodiments, the channels 34 may extend to edges 36 of the panels 28 and, thus, continue across a respective seam 38. More particularly, a channel 34 on the first panel 30 and a channel 34 on the second panel 32 may be in substantial alignment with one another across a respective seam 38. This may also enable patterns, arrangements, or other designs to be carried across multiple panels, bridging seams 38 between the panels 28. Channels 34 may impart various advantages to ball 10. For example, channels 34 may enhance the aerodynamics of ball 10, provide a greater amount of consistency or control over ball 10 during play, e.g., during kicking, dribbling, or passing, improve ball feel, and provide for water channeling.
Channels 34 may be formed in the cover 12 via a variety of manufacturing processes including, but not limited to, debossing. Examples of a manufacturing process for forming channels 34 are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,370,693 to Berggren, et al., which is hereby entirely incorporated by reference herein. U.S. Pat. No. 9,370,693 to Berggren, et al. generally discloses a variety of manufacturing processes that may be utilized to form debossed features in the panels. In one example, one of the panels is located on a platen. A press plate is positioned above the platen and includes a protrusion having a predetermined shape. The protrusion presses into and heats the areas of the panel forming the debossed features. The press plate then moves away from the panel to substantially complete the formation of the debossed feature.
As shown in
Referring to
The channel 34 may include an exterior indentation 82 and an interior indentation 84. The exterior indentation 82 has the terminus 65 that is radially-spaced apart from the outer substrate surface 18 by the channel depth 67.
The specific configuration of the channel 34 may vary considerably. Referring to
Referring to
Alternatively, the channels 34 may include an exterior indentation 82 and an interior indentation 84 that exhibit substantially squared configurations (
As shown in
In
As shown in
The second plurality of indentations, i.e., the channels 34 may further define a second aggregate deboss length. The second aggregate deboss length is defined as a sum of all of the channel lengths. In some example embodiments, the second aggregate deboss length may be greater than 800 centimeters. More particularly, the second aggregate deboss length may be from about 850 centimeters to about 1050 centimeters. In the example shown in
The sports ball 10 may further have an aggregate feature length, which is defined as the sum of the first aggregate deboss length (total length of all the first plurality of indentations, e.g., the seams 38 and pseudo seams 33) and the second aggregate deboss length (total length of all channels 34). In example embodiments, the aggregate feature length may be greater than 800 centimeters. In the example shown in
Increased aggregate feature length and increased surface coverage of the exterior surface by the indentations 33, 34, 38 creates positive flight characteristics (consistency and length of trajectory) and enhances the aerodynamics of ball 10, i.e., reducing aerodynamic drag on the ball for better accuracy, consistency, and increased velocity. Due to increased aggregate feature length and increased surface coverage of the exterior surface 13 by the indentations 33, 34, 38, it is more likely that the boundary layer of air surrounding the of the sports ball 10 in flight will undergo the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, resulting in enhanced flight characteristics and aerodynamic properties.
However, if aggregate feature length and the percentage of the exterior surface 13 occupied by the indentations 33, 34, 38 are increased beyond a critical point, such that the indentations do not maintain enough predefined distance 120 therebetween, softness and ball feel characteristics may be diminished. The smaller the predefined distance 120 between two respective indentations the harder the ball surface at the respective measurement point; however, indentations with a lower cross-sectional area, may be placed closer together than indentations with a higher cross-sectional area, and still maintain desired softness and ball feel characteristics. As such, it is desirable to arrange the indentations 33, 34, 38 on the outer substrate surface 18 in a topographical arrangement 56 to balance increased aggregate feature length and surface coverage of the exterior surface 13 by the indentations 33, 34, 38 to enhance consistency and the aerodynamic properties of the ball 10 without sacrificing softness and ball feel characteristics. In one example, acceptable minimum predefined distances 120 between indentations to maintain desired softness and ball feel characteristics may be greater than 9.0 millimeters.
Referring again to
The chevron element 91 includes a first section 93 and a second section 94, each disposed between the respective first boundary 87 and second boundary 89. The first section 93 has a first section central end 92 and a first section distal end 95. The second section 94 has a second section central end 96 and a second section distal end 97. The first section central end 92 is connected to the second section central end 96 at a chevron angle 100. The chevron angle 100 is less than 180 degrees. More particularly, the chevron angle 100 is greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. Accordingly, the first section 93 is obliquely angled with respect to the second section 94.
In one example as shown in
The second maximum aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the second indentation width 61 to the second indentation depth 67 measured at the chevron angle 100. Said another way, the second maximum aspect ratio is a channel aspect ratio. The second maximum aspect ratio or channel aspect ratio is always greater than the first maximum aspect ratio or the maximum seam aspect ratio.
The channel aspect ratio may be variable between the first section central end 92 and the first section distal end 95. Further the channel aspect ratio may be variable between the second section central end 96 and the first section distal end 95. The maximum channel aspect ratio is further defined as the ratio of the first channel width 61a and the channel depth 67 measured at the chevron angle 100. The channel minimum aspect ratio is further defined as the ratio of the second channel width 61b to the channel depth 67 measured at the distal ends 95, 97 of the first section 93 and second section 94 of the respective chevron element 91. The maximum channel aspect ratio is greater than the minimum channel aspect ratio. The minimum channel aspect ratio may be greater than the first maximum aspect ratio or seam aspect ratio, as shown in
Referring again to
As shown in
Each subpanel arrangement 73, 77, 79 includes the chevron elements 91 of the plurality of channels 34 and alternating plateau sections 35. As shown in
Each respective subpanel arrangement 73, 77, 79 includes a first chevron element 91a having a first chevron angle 100a. The first chevron element 91a is proximate to the panel center 37. Each respective subpanel arrangement 73, 77, 79 may further include at least a second chevron element 91b having a second chevron angle 100b. The second chevron element 91b is proximate to the panel limit 39, as shown in
The respective subpanel arrangements 73, 77, 79 may comprise from about seven plateau sections 35 and six corresponding chevron-shaped 91 channels 34 to about eleven plateau sections 35 and ten corresponding chevron-shaped 91 channels 34. In the example shown in
The detailed description and the drawings or figures are supportive and descriptive of the present teachings, but the scope of the present teachings is defined solely by the claims. While some of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the present teachings have been described in detail, various alternative designs and embodiments exist for practicing the present teachings defined in the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/725,685, filed Aug. 31, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62725685 | Aug 2018 | US |
