Patent Application
20050001061
The present invention relates to a spray apparatus for coating materials, in particular for coating powders, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
In particular the present invention relates to a spray apparatus comprising at least one high-voltage electrode electrostatically charging the coating material. However it also applies to spray apparatus which are not designed to electrostatically charge coating materials.
Spray apparatus of this kind are known for instance from the patent documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,324,361; DE 34 12 694 A1; U.S. Pat. No. 4,505,430; U.S. Pat. No. 4,196,465; U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,984 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,189,804.
Spray apparatus fitted with shaping-air outlets of annular gap geometry incur the drawback that if said gap is supported along its longitudinal direction at several places, manufacturing constraints will preclude uniform gap size. Such a drawback however is averted by using boreholes instead of an angular gap, especially if the body containing said boreholes remains undivided at the borehole site. Illustratively such spray apparatus are shown in the patent documents EP 0 767 005 B1; EP 0 744 998 B1 and DE 34 31 785 C2.
The objective of the present invention is to attain equal or better efficiency in controlling the coating material spray flow and the quantity of coating material required for such coating while using less shaping air per unit time.
This problem is solved by the features of claim 1 of the present invention.
Accordingly the present invention relates to a spray apparatus for coating materials, in particular coating powder, said spray apparatus comprising a coating material duct; a spray outlet at the downstream end of the coating material duct to spray the coating material onto an object to be coated; a shaping air outlet for compressed shaping air, said outlet being configured near the spray outlet and around the flow path of the coating material, said outlet being separate from the flow path and designed to generate from compressed air a shaping air flow enclosing the coating material spray jet; the shaping outlet being constituted by a large number of holes in a body, said holes being configured in distributed manner around the coating material flow path and being apart from latter and pointing toward the coating material spray jet, characterized by an ambient air passage which is configured a distance from said holes and is radially offset inward, said passage extending from an ambient air intake situated behind the body containing said holes to an air outlet situated in front of said body, said passage running integrally or in the form of several apertures around and separately of said flow path, so that, on account of flow suction caused by the coating material spray jet and/or caused by the flow suction of the shaping air flow, the ambient air may be aspirated from the rearward air intake through the ambient air passage into the forward air outlet Other features are defined in the dependent claims.
The present invention is elucidated below by an illustrative and preferred embodiment and in relation to the appended drawings.
The spray apparatus shown in
The spray apparatus contains a coating material duct 2; a spray outlet 4 at the downstream end of said coating material duct 2 in order to spray the coating material 6 in the form of a flow 8 onto an (omitted) object to be coated, and a shaping air outlet 10 of compressed shaping air 12, said outlet 10 running around and apart from the flow path of the coating material 6 in order to generate from the compressed shaping air 12 a shaping air flow 11 enclosing the coating material spray jet 8.
The shaping air outlet 10 consists of a large number of holes 14 through the body 16 which is undivided at said holes, these holes being distributed around and apart from the flow path of the coating material 6.
In the embodiment shown in
The equidistant space 8 between the holes 14 is sufficiently small that the shaping air jets 22 exiting from them will converge into a cross-sectionally annular shaping air flow, preferably immediately after the holes 14 and before they impact the spray flow 8, but at the latest at the point of impact with the spray flow 8.
Seen in the direction of coating material spraying, the holes 14 point forward and preferably parallel to the axial center axis 20, and preferably they are present in a forward pointing end face. In another embodiment mode they also may point obliquely to the axial center axis 20, either toward or away from it. The cross-sectional shape and size of the spray flow 8 may be adjusted by the direction of the holes 14 relative to the axial center axis 20 and by the pressure of the compressed air 12.
One or preferably several electrodes, for instance 23, 24 and/or 25 are configured in or near the coating material flow path or at or near the spray outlet 4 and is/are connected to a high voltage generator 26 for the purpose of electrostatically charging the coating material 6. The high voltage generator 26 may be mounted outside the spray apparatus or, as shown in
At least ten or more holes 14 are present, for instance at least twenty, thirty or forty, or any arbitrary large number. The circumferential equidistant spacing 18 between the holes 14 is at least twice as large as or larger than the aperture size 38 of the holes 14 as seen in the circumferential direction about the axial center axis 20. Preferably however such a multiplying factor shall be larger, illustratively being five or more, for instance ten or more. The cross-section of the aperture of each hole 14 is less than 2 mm2, for instance being less than 1.0 mm2 or even better less than 0.5 mm2 or less than 0.3 mm2. The holes should be made as small as possible in practice in order to generate thereby the least possible quantity per unit time of shaping air flow with which to attain a rapidly moving, high-energy shaping air jet 22 at each hole 14 and hence a rapidly moving, high-energy shaping air flow 11. As a result, with low quantities of air per unit time, the cross-sectional shape and size of the spray flow 8 can be effectively controlled. Because the cross-section of the particular holes 14 is very small, a uniform quantity of flowing shaping air per unit time shall be attained at all holes even when all holes 14 exhibit the same size cross-section and the manifold duct 34 and the cross-section of exhibits a constant cross-section over its full length. The small cross-section of the holes 14 implements uniform distribution of compressed air over the full length of the manifold duct 34. The sum of all the cross-sections of all holes 14 is less, for instance being only half as large, as the flow cross-section of the manifold duct 34.
Preferably the holes 14 each shall be circular in cross-section though they also may exhibit a different cross-section, for instance being cross-sectionally polygonal. The holes 14 may be manufactured during the making of the body 16 of which they are part while the latter is being produced, illustratively by injection molding the body 16 and simultaneously manufacturing the holes 14. In another preferred embodiment mode, the holes 14 are made by being drilled into the body 16. The body 16 may be made of a rigid material, for instance being a metallic or a plastic tube, or it may be made of an elastic or flexible material, for instance a hose illustratively made of rubber or plastic.
In the embodiment of
In the preferred embodiment mode, the discharge end of the holes 14 is offset backward upstream of the spray outlet 4. In other embodiment modes, however, the discharge ends of the holes 14 may be situated in the same transverse plane or downstream of this transverse plane wherein is also contained the spray outlet 4. The essential point is that the shaping air flow 11 shall enclose the spray flow 8 so tightly at the spray outlet 4 that no coating material particles may escape from the flow of coating material radially outward or rearward onto the spray apparatus's outer surfaces.
The holes 14 can be manufactured with substantially greater accuracy at a given size than can be gaps circumferentially running about the axial center axis 20. Moreover the holes are less exposed to the danger of thermal changes in size and external mechanical effects such as shocks when impacting other objects.
The body 16 fitted with the holes 14 is affixed by one or several elements 44—preferably by mechanical webs with spaces between them, directly or by intermediate means—to the housing 40, as a result of which the body 16 rests on the housing 40.
In a preferred embodiment mode of the present invention, an ambient air passage 50 is mounted at a radially inward offset from the holes 14 and runs from an ambient air intake 52 situated behind the body 16 fitted with holes 14 to an air exit 54 situated in front of the body 16, said passage 50 being in the form of one or more slots or other apertures and running around but apart from the flow path of the coating material 6, and therefore also around the axial center axis 20, as a result of which ambient air 56 may be aspirated through said ambient air passage 50 on account of the suction caused by the coating material spray flow 8 and/or by the suction caused the compressed shaping jets 22 and the shaping air flow 11 from the rear air inlet 52 to the forward air outlet 54. This ambient air passage 50 precludes the coating material particles from flowing back onto the spray apparatus's outer surfaces and on its body 16 fitted with the holes 14. In this manner said component are protected against soiling.
In the above shown embodiment mode, all holes 14 are connected for (pneumatic) flow by means of the compressed air manifold duct 34 to a compressed air inlet aperture 62. In an omitted embodiment mode, two or more sets of such holes 14 may be mutually connected for flow by means of a segment of the manifold duct 34, the said segments being isolated as regards flow from one another and each segment being fitted with its own compressed air intake aperture 62. The latter design allows finer adjustment of the quantity of compressed air per unit time issuing from the holes 14, preferably to the extent that the same rate issues from all holes, or, in yet another embodiment mode, that defined and different rates shall issue.
In both embodiment modes, the aperture cross-section of the manifold duct 34 (or its mutually separate segments) and the aperture cross-sections of the holes 14 are matched to each other in a manner that the same quantity of compressed air per unit time may issue from all holes 14. The quantity of compressed air per unit time issuing from the holes 14 depends on the flow impedance in the manifold duct 34 between the intake aperture 62 and the particular hole 14. Identical quantities of compressed air per unit time may be attained at all holes 14 in that either the manifold duct 34 sees an ever lesser impedance in the direction from the nearest hole 14 to the most remote hole 14 or preferably in that as the distance between the hole and the compressed air intake aperture 62 increases, said holes shall exhibit a larger aperture cross-section. In this instance that hole 14 subtending the shortest flow path from the inlet aperture 62 shall exhibit the smallest aperture cross-section and that hole 14 which is the most remote shall exhibit the largest aperture cross-section. However such designs are laborious and expensive. Still they may be used in the present invention. On the other hand the aperture cross-sections of the invention are so small as discussed above that even in the absence of such designs an identical or nearly identical shaping air flow is attained at all holes 14.
The embodiment modes of the present invention are applicable to all kinds of coating material spray apparatus, especially those for powder coating materials, illustratively spray apparatus comprising a spray outlet in the form of a circularjet nozzle or a fan jet nozzle, those assuming cylindrical or funnel-like geometries, with or without baffles 60, and also to spray apparatus of which the spray outlet 4 is fitted with a rotary element or consist of such. Moreover the present invention is applicable to corona spray apparatus generating corona discharges at least one of the high voltage electrodes 23, 24, 25, and furthermore so-called tribo spray apparatus wherein the particles of the spray coating material are electrostatically charged by being rubbed within the coating material duct 2.
The present invention allows attaining homogeneous air distribution of the shaping compressed air around the spray flow 8. Only a small quantity of compressed air per unit time is required for that purpose. The shaping air flow 11 produced in the manner of the present invention stabilizes the spray flow 8 which assumes the form of a spray cloud rather than a spray jet. This spray flow or spray cloud 8 is substantially less sensitive to air flows in a coating cabin than in the state of the art. This feature offers the further advantage that the coating powder's efficiency of deposition for a given object to be coated and the quality of coating, i.e. coating uniformity, shall be substantially raised.
Spray apparatus of this kind are conventionally denoted as “spray guns”, both when they comprise a grip for manual operation and when they are designed as straight or angled automated spray guns held by an appropriate support, for instance a robot, a stand or a fixed support.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 103 19 916.0 | May 2003 | DE | national |
