Patent Application
20180066206
This application generally relates to spray compositions, products comprising spray compositions, and methods of treating a surface with the spray compositions, and, particularly, relates to spray compositions comprising a perfume-cyclodextrin complex.
Perfume compositions are utilized in spray compositions to help make products more delightful to consumers. This is especially true for perfume compositions and complexes that can provide a desired and long-lasting fragrance or scent each time the composition is applied or used. However, current perfume compositions are not optimized for release from a cyclodextrin complex and some components can remain within the complex and unexpressed. As such, there is a need for a perfume composition which is optimized for release from a cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin perfume complexes made from such optimized perfumes.
Combinations:
A. A spray composition comprising:
about 0.01 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. % perfume-cyclodextrin complex, by weight of the overall composition, the perfume-cyclodextrin complex comprising:
about 30 wt. % to about 80 wt. % solvent, by weight of the overall composition;
about 0.01 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. % free perfume composition, by weight of the overall composition; and
less than 10 wt. % water, by weight of the overall composition.
B. The spray composition according to Paragraph A, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of: monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof.
C. The spray composition according to Paragraph A or Paragraph B further comprising a malodor counteractant.
D. The spray composition according to any of Paragraphs A through C, wherein the cyclodextrin complex stability constant (log k) is from about −2.0 to about 2.5.
E. The spray composition according to any of Paragraphs A through D, wherein about 20% to about 100%, by weight of the perfume-cyclodextrin complex, of the perfume raw materials have: a complex stability constant of about 3.0 or less, a C log P of about 2.5 or less; and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less.
F. The spray composition according to any of Paragraphs A through E, wherein the perfume raw materials have a weight average molecular weight of about 180 Daltons or less.
G. A sprayable product comprising:
a spray dispenser;
a spray composition comprising:
a perfume-cyclodextrin complex, by weight of the total composition, the perfume-cyclodextrin complex comprising:
perfume raw materials, wherein 10% or more, by weight of the perfume raw materials have: a cyclodextrin complex stability constant (log k) of less than about 3.0, a C log P of about 2.5 or less; and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less; and cyclodextrin;
a propellant.
H. The sprayable according to Paragraph G, wherein the propellant is selected from the group consisting of: butane, propane, or isobutene as propellant, and combinations thereof.
I. The sprayable product according to Paragraph G or Paragraph H, wherein the propellant is selected from the group consisting of: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, and combinations thereof.
J. The sprayable product according to any of Paragraphs G-I, wherein the weight ratio of spray composition to propellant is about 30:70 to 70:30.
K. The sprayable product according to any of Paragraphs G-J, wherein the perfume-cyclodextrin complex is present at a level of about 0.01 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. %, by weight of the total composition.
L. The sprayable product according to any of Paragraphs G-K further comprising about 0.01 wt. % to about 2.0 wt. % free perfume composition, by weight of the total composition.
M. The sprayable product according to any of Paragraphs G-L, wherein the solvent is present at a level of about 20 wt. % to about 80 wt. % by weight of the spray composition.
N. The sprayable product according to any of Paragraphs G-M, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of: monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof.
O. A method of treating a surface, the method comprising the steps of:
spraying a surface with a spray composition, the spray composition comprising:
a perfume-cyclodextrin complex, by weight of the total composition, the perfume-cyclodextrin complex comprising:
perfume raw materials, wherein 10% or more, by weight of the perfume raw materials have: a cyclodextrin complex stability constant (log k) of less than about 3.0, a C log P of about 2.5 or less; and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less; and cyclodextrin;
P. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-O, wherein the cyclodextrin complex stability constant (log k) is from about −2.0 to about 2.5.
Q. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-P, wherein the perfume raw materials are selected from the group consisting of: eugenyl formate; benzaldehyde; 2-hexen-1-yl acetate; alpha-methyl cinnamaldehyde; methyl phenylacetate; viridine; ethyl 2-phenylacetate; methyl hydrocinnamate; methyl cinnamate; 2-Phenylethyl acetate; cinnamyl acetate; lilac acetaldehyde; 4-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone; anethole; gamma-Octalactone; 3-phenyl propionaldehyde; cinnamic alcohol; cinnamic aldehyde; phenethyl formate; 3-phenyl propyl formate; isobutyl furylpropionate; styryl acetate; geranyl formate; 3-Hepten-1-ol; citronellol; trans-Geraniol; nerol; neral; melon heptenal; propyl mercaptan; 2-Propionylpyrrole; 5,6-Dimethyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)bicyclohept-5-ene-2-methanol; hydratopic alcohol; 3,4-Dimethoxyacetophenone; safranal; 2-Hydroxyacetophenone; cis-carveol, ocean propanal; Isosafrol; Indole; 2-Methylbenzothiazole; Ethyl vanillin; Vanillin; Methyl p-anisate; Benzyl propionate; 3-phenyl propyl acetate; phenyl acetaldehyde; p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde; para-anisaldehyde; Isoamyl acetate; Ethyl 3-methylthiopropionate; Methyl anthranilate; 1,2-Cyclopentanedione, 3-ethyl-; Syringaldehyde; furfuryl thioacetate; blackberry thiophenone; p-Cresyl acetate; linalool oxide (pyranoid); Geranial; Parmanyl; Sorbinaldehyde; Pentyl 2-furyl ketone; m-Guaiacol; alpha-Methylcinnamic alcohol; Ethyl cyclohex-3-enecarboxylate; 2,4-Hexadienyl acetate; 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde; Furan, 3-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-; n-Pentyl acetoacetate; Ethyl 2-hexenoate; 2-Ethyl-4-methylthiazole; tropical thiazole; Trifernal; Coumarone; 2,4-Hexadienyl propionate; Cyclopentyl mercaptan; 2-Methyl-2-butanethiol; trans-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid; 2-Hexyl-1,3-dioxolane; cis-3-Hepten-1-ol; 3-Hexenyl acetate; Trans,trans-2,4-Hexadien; methyl trans-cinnamate 99%; 4-Methyl-5-vinylthiazole; 2-Propylthiazole; (S),(−)-Perillaaldehyde; 2-(1-Methylpropyl)thiazole; (+)-p-menth-1-en-9-OL 97% (mixture of isomers); Isobutyl thiazole; trans-2-Heptenal; (1S)-(−)-cis-Verbenol; Anapear; alpha-Campholenic alcohol; Ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate; 2-Methylphenethyl alcohol; Methyl 4-phenylbutyrate; Allyl crotonate; Allyl butyrate; Benzyl lactate; Vanillin isobutyrate; perillaldehyde; Neryl Formate; Allyl methyl disulfide; Methyl propyl disulfide; 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-; 3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one; 2-Octenol-1; Tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate; Allo-ocimenol; 7-Octene-1,6-diol, 3,7-dimethyl-; 3-Ethoxybenzaldehyde; 2-Ethylbenzaldehyde; 2-hexen-1-ol; Phenoxyethyl propionate; Nerolione; 7-Methylcoumarin; Butylacrolein; 2-Hexen-1-yl acetate; Ethyl phenoxyacetate; Ethyl trans-3-hexenoate; N-Acetyl methyl anthranilate; Ethyl trans-2-hexenoate; Vertoliff; (2E,6Z)-Nona-2,6-dien-1-ol; Ocimenol; 2,6-Dimethyl-1,5,7-octatrienol-3; p-Menth-1-ene-9-al; 2,4-Octadien-1-al; Propyl anthranilate; 2-Pentanoylfuran; 4-Ethyl-2-methylthiazole; Jasmolactone; cis-3-Hexenyl formate; 1-Octenol-3; 4,5-Dimethylthiazole; 4,4-Dimethyl-5-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane; 1-Hexen-3-yl acetate; Furfuryl valerate; 2,6-Dimethyl-6-hepten-1-ol; cis-3-Hexenyl acetate; trans-3-Hexenyl acetate; 5-Ethyl-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde; 2-Phenyl-1(2)propenyl-1 ester; 3-Cyclohexene-1-ethanol, 4-methyl-beta-methylene-, (R)-; Furfuryl hexanoate; 3-methoxy cinnamaldehyde; 3-Acetyl-5-butyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone; Pyrazine, 3-butyl-2,5-dimethyl-; Methyl Heptenone; 2,5-Dimethylthiazole; (E)-anethol; Phenylethyl oxy-acetaldehyde; 3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one; (E,E)-2,4-heptadien-1-al; Cinnamic aldehyde dimethyl acetal; Campholene aldehyde; cis-4-Hexenal; 2-Hepten-4-one; 2-Octen-4-one; Verbenol; 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde; Piperitol; piperitenone; Isocoumarin; Lepidine; ethyl maltol; Butyroin; Hinokitiol; Pyrazine, 2-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-; cis-3, cis-6-nonadienol; trans-2-Hexenyl formate; Ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate; 1-(4-Methylphenyl)ethanol; Perillyl alcohol; Cumic alcohol; citral; Benzyl acetoacetate; p-Methylhydrocinnamic aldehyde; 2,4-Dimethylthiazole; Acetaldehyde phenyl ethyl acetal; Canthoxal; Ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate; Raspberry ketone; 2-Methylthiophene; 3,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-; 2,4-Octadienal; Cinnamaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal; trans-3, cis-6-nonadienol; 2-Heptenal, (2Z)-; Methyl furfuryl disulfide; o-Acetylanisole; Lavandulol; 3-Methylacetophenone; p-Tolyl alcohol; Furfuryl thiopropionate; 2-Mercaptomethylpyrazine; 2,4-Heptadienal; cis-iso-Eugenol; S-Ethyl benzothioate; trans-Isoeugenol; Methyl 2-nitrobenzoate; Methyl o-methoxybenzoate; Guaiacyl acetate; 3-Methylthiophene; cis-4-Hepten-1-ol; beta-Phenoxy ethyl acetate; cis-3-Hexenyl lactate; meta-tolyl aldehyde; 4-(2-Furyl)-3-buten-2-one; Dimethyl disulfide; Cyclopentyl isobutyrate; Phenylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal; tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate; 2,5-Dimethylthiophene; Ethyl 2-methoxybenzyl ether; p-Methoxy-alpha-methyl cinnamaldehyde; Geranyl oxyacetaldehyde; Ethyl (p-tolyloxy)acetate; Trans-2-Hexenal; cis-4-Heptenal; 3-Mercapto-2-pentanone; 3,5,6-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde; Floralol; 2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol; trans-2-Hexenal diethyl acetal; 3,6-ivy carbaldehyde; p-Methyl phenoxy acetaldehyde; (Z)-3-hexen-1-al; Dimethyl cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; 2,4-Dimethyl-3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; cis-3-Hexenyl pyruvate; 3,5-ivy carbaldehyde; delta-Octalactone; Methyl benzyl disulfide; 1-Phenylbutan-2-ol; Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; Methyl mercaptan; Allyl anthranilate; Allyl tiglate; Ethanethiol; dimethyl sulfide 2-Propanethiol; (−)-Citronellol; Anisyl propionate; tert-Butyl mercaptan; 2,4-Pentadienal; 3,6-Nonadien-1-ol; Benzaldehyde diethyl acetal; 2-Thienyl mercaptan; 4-(p-Tolyl)-2-butanone; Isoeugenyl formate; 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol; 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol; p-Menth-8-en-3-ol; filbert heptenone; Gardamide; Dimethyl anthranilate; Allyl mercaptan; Ethyl anthranilate; cinnamon acrolein; Vanillin acetate; Isopulegol; Salicylaldehyde; Guaiacol; Hydratropaldehyde dimethyl acetal; Coumarin (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol; (E)-2-hexen-1-ol; cis-3-Hexen-1-ol; Methyl isoeugenol; Isoeugenyl acetate; 2-phenyl propionaldehyde; 1-Phenyl-1-propanol; Methyl benzoate; Ethyl benzoate; Citronitrile; Styrallyl acetate; Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hexenyl ester, (E)-; Vanitrope; 2-Methylindole; Eugenol; and a combination thereof.
R. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-O, wherein the perfume raw materials are selected from the group consisting of: beta gamma hexanol; cis 3 hexenyl acetate; ethyl-2-methyl butyrate; amyl-acetate; vanillin; anethole; methyl isoeugenol; guaiacol; floralol; 2,6-nonadien-1-ol; coumarin; and a combination thereof.
S. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-O, wherein the perfume raw materials comprise dimethyl anthranilate; iso-eugenyl acetate; canthoxal; 3,6-nonadien-1-ol, triplal; or a combination thereof.
T. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-O, wherein the perfume raw materials comprise ethyl-2-methyl butyrate; beta gamma hexanol; iso amyl acetate; amyl acetate; cis-3-hexenyl acetate; gamma-octalactone; ethyl vanillin; vanillin; benzaldehyde; or a combination thereof.
U. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-T, wherein the 10% or more of the perfume raw materials also have an Odor Detection Threshold of about 7 or more−log molar concentration.
V. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-U, wherein 10% or more of the perfume raw materials also have an Odor Detection Threshold of about 7 to about 11.5−log molar concentration.
W. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-V, wherein about 20% to about 100%, by weight of the perfume, of the perfume raw materials have: a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of less than about 3.0, a C log P of about 2.5 or less; and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less.
X. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-W, wherein about 50% to about 100%, by weight of the perfume-cyclodextrin complex, of the perfume raw materials have: a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about −2.0 to less than about 3, a C log P of about 2.5 or less; and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less.
Y. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-X, wherein the perfume raw materials have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about −1.5 to about 2.5.
Z. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-O, wherein the perfume raw materials have a C log P of about 2.0 or less.
AA. The spray composition of any of the preceding Paragraphs A-O, wherein the perfume raw materials have a weight average molecular weight of about 180 Daltons or less.
“Cyclodextrin complex stability constant” (log K) refers to the ability of a perfume raw material to bind to a cyclodextrin. The complex stability constant of a multitude of materials with respect to various cyclodextrins as measured by the calorimetry technique can be found in the literature, for example, Rekharsky and Inoue (1998), Complexation Thermodynamics of Cyclodextrins, Chemical Review, 98, 1875-1917. In addition, for reference, a list of perfume raw materials and their estimated complex stability constants is included in a table below.
“C log P” refers to calculated log P values, which is a measure of a compound's hydrophilicity, wherein log P is the octanol water partitioning coefficient as computed by the Consensus algorithm implemented in ACD/Percepta version 14.02 by Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. (ACD/Labs, Toronto, Canada).
“Odor Detection Threshold” refers to the lowest concentration in the air of a certain odor compound that is perceivable to the human sense of smell. The Odor detection Threshold of a multitude of materials can be found in van Gemert, L. J.; Odour Thresholds (Compilations of Odour Threshold Values in Air, Water and Other Media; Oliemans Punter & Partners; The Netherlands, 2011. It is in units of −log molar concentration. In this context, human odor detection thresholds (ODTs) are expressed as olfactory power, or p.ol (the negative log of the molar concentration of the odorant in air at which a human first detects the presence of the odorant). These values can be directly transposed to other commonly used units such as ppm (volume) and ppb (volume): thresholds of 1 ppm and 1 ppb are equivalent to p.ol=6 and p.ol=9, respectively. Odor Detection Threshold can be measured, for example, by the method in International Publication Number WO 2006/138726.
“Cyclodextrin complex” refers to a complex of cyclodextrin and perfume.
“Molecular weight,” unless otherwise designated, refers to the weight average molecular weight which can be calculated by using the sum of the molecular weights of the elements in a molecule. These can be found, for example, in Atomic Weights of the Elements, Weiser, 2005.
“Room temperature as used herein refers to about 20° C.
Many consumers enjoy a good scent in a consumer product. Scent can be delivered through a multitude of means, like direct addition of a scent to a product or through the use of a scent delivery agent. Scent delivery agents can enhance and/or change the delivery of the scent. For example, some delivery agents can encapsulate a so that it can be released upon a triggering event. Other delivery agents can help a deposit onto a target surface so that the perfume is more easily detected by the consumer.
Perfume compositions are usually not a single component, but made up of multiple perfume raw materials which combined give the overall scent of the perfume. Each of the perfume raw materials has its own characteristic and its own chemical properties, like molecular weight, c Log P, etc. These properties can influence where and how long a scent can be detected. Some of these properties are how perfume raw materials are divided into top, middle, and base notes.
Previously, when using a perfume composition in combination with a delivery agent, like complexing a perfume composition with a cyclodextrin, it was believed that most of the perfume composition was released from the delivery agent upon the triggering event. For cyclodextrins, the triggering event is usually the introduction of moisture. However, it was recently discovered that only about 4%, of a complexed perfume composition, was being released from a cyclodextrin upon exposure to moisture. As such, most of the perfume composition was remaining within the cyclodextrin and was not noticeable to the consumer as desired. This means there is significant room for improvement in the efficacy of cyclodextrin and perfume complexes.
An understanding of what is and what is not releasing from a cyclodextrin could help to improve the efficacy of the perfume cyclodextrin complex. Since less than 5% of the perfume compositions used in a cyclodextrin complex were efficiently releasing from the cyclodextrin complex (see
With water being the key releasing agent, it was found that perfume raw materials with more affinity with water (lower log P) had better release from the cyclodextrin complex. Perfume raw materials with a lower cyclodextrin complex stability constant (log k) also had better release from a cyclodextrin complex. In addition, a lower molecular weight, which may correlate with a lower cyclodextrin complex stability constant, also correlates with a batter release. To demonstrate these characteristics as impacting the release from the cyclodextrin composition, new perfume compositions were created. One composition removed these higher releasing perfume raw materials from the original low release composition as a negative control check (see
An optimized composition was then made which utilized about 70%, by weight of the perfume composition, of perfume raw materials with a log P, stability constant, and weight average molecular weight believed to help with perfume release from a cyclodextrin complex. This perfume, Optimized Composition from
As noted above, one of the characteristics of a perfume raw material that can impact its release from a cyclodextrin is its complex stability constant. This signifies how strongly the perfume raw material binds with the cyclodextrin. While a minimum complex stability constant allows for a perfume raw material to bind and stay bound, at some point the affinity of the perfume raw material for the cyclodextrin can become so strong that it becomes difficult to release. It is believed that a complex stability constant of more than 3 can interfere with the release of the perfume raw material upon a triggering event. This is not to say that perfume raw materials with a complex stability constant above a 3 cannot be used, just that the ability to release such materials should be taken into consideration during perfume design. For example,
Another property of a perfume raw material which can impact its ability to release from a cyclodextrin is its C log P. C log P is the calculation of the log P value of a compound, which is the logarithm of its partition coefficient between n-octanol and water (Coctanol/Cwater). Thus, log P, or if calculated c Log P, is a measure of a perfume raw material's hydrophilicity. High log P values correspond to low hydrophilicities. It is believed that a low log P, i.e. higher affinity for water, can positively impact the release of a perfume raw material from a cyclodextrin upon appropriate contact with moisture. For example,
A third property that can impact the release of a perfume raw material from a cyclodextrin is its weight average molecular weight. It is believed that perfume raw materials which are smaller in size will have less binding points to a cyclodextrin and thus more easily released. Ideally, a perfume raw material for optimal release will have a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less.
A fourth property that can impact the need for efficacy is the odor detection threshold. Odor detection threshold is the minimum level at which a perfume raw material can be detected by the average human nose. For a perfume raw material with a low odor detection threshold, less of the perfume raw material needs to be released from a cyclodextrin in order for the perfume raw material to be noticed. This feature can allow for the use of perfume raw materials which would otherwise be seen as too difficult to release en masse from a cyclodextrin. Optimally, the odor detection threshold of a perfume raw material is about 7−log molar concentration or more.
To determine whether the release enhancement was noticeable to consumers, an optimized cyclodextrin perfume complex was tested against an in market complex with less than 5% release. The products were given to over 90 consumers each to wear every day for 2 weeks. After the 2 weeks they were asked to rate the intensity of the on a scale of −2 (much too weak) to 2 (much too strong). They rated the product they wore at application, during the day, and at the end of the day.
Cyclodextrin Complexing Material
A cyclodextrin complexing material may be used for substantially “hiding” a perfume composition until a triggering mechanism has occurred, such as, for example, perspiration, urination, or menstruation, to “release” the perfume composition. As used herein, the term “cyclodextrin” includes any of the known cyclodextrins such as unsubstituted cyclodextrins containing from about six to about twelve glucose units, especially alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin and/or their derivatives and/or mixtures thereof. For example, cyclodextrins may be selected from the group consisting of beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, methylated-alpha-cyclodextrin, methylated-beta-cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof. Cyclodextrins may be included within a product from at least about 0.1%, from at least about 1%, from at least about 2%, or from at least about 3%; to about 25%, to about 20%, to about 15% or to about 10%, by weight of the composition or article component.
Cyclodextrin particles and cyclodextrin complexes comprising a perfume composition can be formed by various methods. For example, a solvent (e.g., water), unloaded cyclodextrin particles, and a perfume composition can be placed into a container and then mixed for a period of time to permit loading of perfume raw materials into “cavities” of cyclodextrin molecules. The mixture may or may not be processed further; e.g., processed through a colloid mill and/or homogenizer. The solvent is then substantially removed, like by drying, from the resulting mixture or slurry to yield cyclodextrin complex particles. Different manufacturing techniques may however impart different particle/complex characterizations, which may or may not be desirable in the product.
The particles and/or complexes can have a low level of moisture prior to their inclusion into a product. For example, some may have a moisture level of less than about 20% by weight of the particles, less than about 10% by weight of the particles, or even less than about 6% by weight of the particles, prior to the inclusion of the volume of particles into a composition. Other moisture levels may also be suitable.
Spray drying a slurry or mixture of cyclodextrin-perfume complexes is one manufacturing technique capable of producing the cyclodextrin particles and cyclodextrin complexes having the above-noted, low moisture levels. Table I below provides a comparison of spray dried cyclodextrin complexes versus complexes formed via an extruder process (kneading).
Water content, USP (United States Pharmacopeia, current as of Aug. 1, 2006)<921> Method I is the analytical method for determining cyclodextrin complex moisture level, as shown in Table I.
As one can see from Table 1, the moisture level directly manifested by these two methods is dramatically different. It should be understood that this comparison is not intended to disclaim kneading/extruder processes from appended claims that do not specify a particular complex formation process. Rather, a kneading and extrusion method, or other method forming particles/complexes with higher than desired moisture levels, could utilize additional processing after their initial formation. For example, extruded complexes may be processed through an oven or dryer, or exposed to a controlled environment for a period of time.
Although not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that cyclodextrin particles/complexes having a relatively high moisture level have an increased tendency to agglomerate. The agglomerated particles may reach a size so as to become perceptible by a consumer; that is, a consumer may characterize the composition as being “gritty.” A “gritty” composition may not be desirable to some consumers. Microbial growth is another potential disadvantage associated with employing cyclodextrin particles/complexes with relatively high moisture levels into a final composition depending on the remaining ingredients of the composition and/or storage parameters.
The efficiency or level of complexing with a perfume composition is another parameter of cyclodextrin complexes that can vary greatly depending on the manufacturing techniques employed. Put another way, the percent of perfume composition that is associated with the interior of a cyclodextrin molecule compared to the percent of perfume composition that is associated with the exterior of the cyclodextrin complex. The perfume composition that is on the exterior region of the complex is essentially free to be expressed without the requirement of a triggering mechanism. The probability that a consumer perceives the perfume composition prior to a triggering mechanism increases as the level of free perfume composition increases. And perception of a perfume composition prior to a triggering mechanism may not be desired depending on the overall composition design and targeted benefit associated with employment of the cyclodextrin complexes. The percent of perfume composition that is complexed with cyclodextrin can be, for example, greater than about 75%, in some instances greater than about 90%, and in other instances greater than about 95%. It should be understood that these levels of perfume complexation are directly associated with the complex formation process itself; the percentages do not represent a formulation design of adding a first percentage of perfume composition via a cyclodextrin complex and adding a second percentage of neat perfume composition.
Spray drying a slurry or mixture of cyclodextrin-perfume complexes is one manufacturing technique capable of producing cyclodextrin complexes having the above-noted levels of perfume composition complexation. Table II below provides a comparison of spray dried cyclodextrin complexes versus complexes formed via an extruder process (kneading).
One can see from Table II that spray drying is capable of producing cyclodextrin complexes with very little free perfume composition as compared to a kneading/extruder process. The skilled artisan should appreciate that the comparison provided in Table II is not intended to disclaim kneading/extruder processes from appended claims that do not specify a particular complex formation process. Rather, additional processing steps may, for example, be employed to eliminate free perfume composition associated with extruded complexes prior to their inclusion into a composition.
The analytical method for determining the percent of perfume composition complexed, as shown in Table II, determines the free perfume composition level in the complex by dissolving a sample in tetrahydrofuran (THF) adding an internal standard, and analyzing by capillary gas chromatography (GC). The complexed perfume composition level is measured by extracting the same sample in acetone containing an internal standard, and analyzing by GC.
Complexation Efficiency=% Complexed/[% Complexed+% Free]
The cyclodextrin complexes may be coated to minimize premature release/activation. Generally, any material that is capable of resisting water penetration is suitable. The coating material may include, for example, hydrocarbons, waxes, petrolatum, silicones, silicone derivatives, partially or fully esterified sucrose esters, and polyglycerol esters. Using petrolatum as an example, a coating process may include combining cyclodextrin complexes with petrolatum at a ratio of about 1:1, for example, and then mixing until the complexes are satisfactorily coated.
Perfume Compositions for Perfume-Cyclodextrin Complexes
perfume composition for perfume-cyclodextrin complexes comprises perfume raw materials. At least a portion of the perfume raw materials for perfume-cyclodextrin complexes may have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about 3.0 or less; about 2.5 or less, about 2.0 or less, about 1.0 or less, to about −2. Some of the perfume raw material may have a c Log P of about 2.5 or less, about 2.0 or less, about 1.5 or less, about 1.0 or less, to about −3. Some of the perfume raw materials may have a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less, about 180 Daltons or less, about 150 Daltons or less, about 100 Daltons or less, to about 50 Daltons. A perfume raw material will have an odor detection threshold. At least a portion of the perfume raw materials for perfume-cyclodextrin complexes will have an odor detection threshold of about 7−log molar concentration or greater; about 8−log molar concentration or greater; about 9−log molar concentration or greater; to about 11.5−log molar concentration.
The perfume composition for perfume-cyclodextrin complexes comprises about 10% or more, by weight of the perfume, of perfume raw materials which have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about 3.0 or less, a c Log P of about 2.5 or less, and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less. Going further, the perfume composition for perfume-cyclodextrin complexes may comprise about 20% or more; about 30% or more; about 40% or more, or about 50% or more, up to 100%; of perfume raw materials which have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about 3.0 or less, a c Log P of about 2.5 or less, and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less. In addition, a perfume composition for perfume-cyclodextrin complexes may also include perfume raw materials with an odor detection threshold of about 7−log molar concentration.
A representative, non-limiting, list of perfume raw materials that have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about 3.0 or less, a c Log P of about 2.5 or less, and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less is included in the chart below.
One grouping of perfume raw materials that have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about 3.0 or less, a c Log P of about 2.5 or less, and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less includes beta gamma hexanol; cis 3 hexenyl acetate; ethyl-2-methyl butyrate; amyl-acetate (isomer blends); vanillin; anethole; methyl isoeugenol; guiacol; floralol; ethyl vanillin; 2,6-nonadien-1-ol; coumarin; and combinations thereof.
Another group of perfume raw materials that have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about 3.0 or less, a C log P of about 2.5 or less, and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less includes ethyl-2-methyl butyrate; beta gamma hexanol; iso amyl acetate; amyl acetate; cis-3-Hexenyl acetate; gamma-Octalactone; ethyl vanillin; vanillin; benzaldehyde; and combinations thereof.
An additional group of perfume raw materials that have a cyclodextrin binding coefficient of about 3.0 or less, a C log P of about 2.5 or less, and a weight average molecular weight of about 200 Daltons or less includes dimethyl anthranilate; iso-eugenyl acetate; canthoxal; 3,6-nonadien-1-ol, triplal; and combinations thereof.
Some examples of perfume raw materials with an odor detection threshold of 7−log ppb or more include can be found in the chart above.
Exemplary perfume compositions in accordance with the invention can include:
Additional information about the perfume raw materials in the example can be found in the table below:
The perfume composition can be made by blending all of the perfume raw materials together until a homogenous solution is formed.
This exemplary composition can then be formed into a cyclodextrin complex by mixing 10 parts cyclodextrin with 10 (or more) parts water, and 1 part (or less) of the perfume composition. After the mixing, the slurry will be more viscous than at the start of mixing—the change in viscosity is believed to be due to the formation of the cyclodextrin perfume complex. The mixture is then dried (or spray dried) to remove the water and leave the cyclodextrin and perfume complex as a powder.
About 500 milligrams of a cyclodextrin perfume complex is weighed into a glass scintillation vial. About 1 milliliter of water is added to the vial. The vial is then capped tightly and vortexed for about 30 seconds to create a slurry. The RP sample is then placed into a 37 degrees Celsius oven to incubate for 4 hours. The sample vial is removed from the oven and allowed to cool to room temperature. 10 milliliters of hexane is then added to the vial. The vial is capped tightly and mixed by hand shaking for about 10 seconds and then mixed on high speed with a vortex mixer for about 30 seconds to extract perfume components liberated by the water incubation step. After allowing solids to settle, an aliquot of the sample is transferred to a 2 milliliter autosampler vial for analysis.
Another 500 milligrams of the same cyclodextrin perfume complex used to create the RP sample is weighed into a scintillation vial. About 10 milliliters of acetone is added to the vial. This sample is then capped tightly and vortexed for about 30 seconds to disperse the sample. The total sample is then placed into a 70 degrees Celsius oven for 4 hours. The sample is removed from the oven and allowed to cool to room temperature. After allowing solids to settle, an aliquot of the sample is transferred to a 2 milliliter autosampler vial for analysis.
The RP and TP samples are analyzed using liquid injection gas chromatography with a mass selective detector. The injection port is heated to 270 degrees Celsius and operated in split mode with a split ratio of about 20:1. The carrier gas is helium and delivered at a constant flowrate of about 1.2 milliliters per minute. The oven temperature is ramped from an initial temperature of 50 degrees Celsius to a final temperature of 250 degrees Celsius at a rate of 10 degrees Celsius per minute. The final temperature is held for 2 minutes. The mass selective detector is operated in scanning mode and perfume components are identified using NIST mass spectral library searching. The chromatogram from the TP sample is used to identify a specific mass to charge ratio for each perfume component and extracted ion peak areas for each perfume component are obtained. The RP chromatogram is correspondingly processed.
Individual perfume component peak areas per unit of sample weight from the RP sample are divided by the corresponding peak areas per unit of sample weight from the TP sample. The resulting ratio is multiplied by 100 to calculate a release percentage for each individual perfume raw material. The release percentages from all perfume components are averaged to calculate a composite release value for a given complex sample.
A spray composition may be formulated with a perfume-cyclodextrin complex that comprises little or no water. The spray composition may be substantially free of water, meaning that no water is intentionally added to the spray composition. The spray composition may contain from 0 wt. % to about 10 wt. % water or less than 10 wt. % water. The low-water composition may contain additional ingredients such as uncomplexed, free perfume composition, malodor reduction compositions, solvents, propellants, insect repellants, preservatives, surfactants, buffering agents, or other ingredients. The spray composition may be in form of an aerosol spray.
Perfume-Cyclodextrin Complexes
The spray composition comprises perfume-cyclodextrin complexes to impart long-lasting scent to the spray composition. The spray composition may comprise up to 5.0 wt. %, or up to 4.0 wt. %, or up to 3.0 wt. % of perfume-cyclodextrin complexes, by weight of the overall spray composition.
Solvent
The spray composition may include a solvent. The spray composition may include from 1 to 70 wt % of a solvent.
The solvent system may comprise any organic solvent or mixtures thereof suitable for use in an aerosol composition. The organic solvent system comprises one or more monohydric alcohols, such as low molecular weight monohydric alcohols, including ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and butanol.
Some low-molecular weight polyhydric alcohols, such as glycols, may also be included in the organic solvent system. The solvent system may comprise one or more non-alcoholic organic solvents, such as acetone, C5-C9 hydrocarbon solvents, esters and diesters.
The spray composition may include a hydrocarbon solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent may be a synthetic isoparaffinic aliphatic hydrocarbon of vapor pressure less than 0.1 mm Hg at 20° C. having a vapor pressure more than 0.03 mm Hg, or having a vapor pressure less than 0.1 mm Hg and more than 0.06 mm Hg.
The spray composition may include a hydrocarbon solvent that is a paraffinic distillate of distillation point less than about 275° C. A hydrocarbon solvent may be a low vapor pressure (LVP) solvent, as defined by the California State Exemption, which exempts LVP-VOCs from the VOC content of over 96 categories of specifically regulated consumer products. This Regulation defines LVP-VOC as a compound or mixture which contains at least one carbon atom and meets one of the following: (a) has a vapor pressure less than 0.1 mm Hg at 20° C. as determined by California Air Resources Board's (ARB) Method 310, section 3.6.3; or (b) is a compound with more than 12 carbon atoms, or a mixture comprised solely of compounds with more than 12 carbon atoms and the vapor pressure is unknown; or (c) is a compound with a boiling point greater than 216° C. as determined by ARB method 310 section 3.6.2; or (d) is the weight percent of a mixture that boils above 216° C. as determined by ARB Method 310, section 3.6.2. Hydrocarbon solvents are commercially available as Isopar® M to be primarily a mixture of C13-C14 isoparaffins, Isopar® P to be primarily a mixture of C12-C20 isoparaffins and Isopar™ V also to be primarily a mixture of C12-C20 isoparaffins ex., ExxonMobil.
In addition to the above discussed organic solvent, the solvent system of the disclosed composition may optionally include a small amount of water. In one embodiment, the disclosed composition comprises no more than about 10 wt % water. When water is present in the composition, the composition may further optionally include one or more corrosion inhibitors to prevent corrosion of the aerosol container or metallic parts of the aerosol device.
Free Perfume Composition
The spray composition may comprise a free perfume composition that is not pre-complexed with cyclodextrin. The spray composition may include from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, alternatively about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. %, of an free perfume composition, by weight of the overall spray composition. The free perfume composition may comprise a mixture of one or more perfume raw materials combined to deliver a particular scent experience. The free perfume composition may deliver instantaneous scent, while the perfume-cyclodextrin complexes provide long-lasting scent.
Malodor Counteractant
The freshening composition may include malodor counteractants. This may include, without limitation, reactive aldehydes, reactive ketones, amine functional polymers, metal ions, polyols, oxidizing agents, activated carbon, and combinations thereof. Malodor counteractants react with or bind to a malodor to neutralize or block the scent of a malodor.
The freshening composition may comprise polyols. Low molecular weight polyols with relatively high boiling points, as compared to water, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and/or glycerine may be utilized as a malodor counteractant for improving odor neutralization of the freshening composition. Some polyols, e.g., dipropylene glycol, are also useful to facilitate the solubilization of some perfume ingredients in the composition.
The spray composition may include up to about 5 wt. %, alternatively about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. %, of a malodor counteractant.
Adjuvants
Adjuvants can be added to the freshening composition herein for their known purposes. Such adjuvants include, but are not limited to, water soluble metallic salts, including zinc salts, copper salts, and mixtures thereof; antistatic agents; insect and moth repelling agents; colorants; antioxidants; aromatherapy agents and mixtures thereof.
The spray composition may be packaged in a spray dispenser to form a sprayable product. The sprayable product may be suitable for use in air and on surfaces.
The sprayable product may be configured to deliver a fine mist. The spray dispenser may be configured in various ways, such as a direct compression-type trigger sprayer, a pre-compression-type trigger sprayer, or an aerosol-type spray dispenser.
An aerosol sprayable product may include a spray composition and a propellant.
Another suitable spray dispenser includes a continuous action sprayer, such as FLAIROSOL™ dispenser from Afa Dispensing Group. The FLAIROSOL™ dispenser includes a bag-in-bag or bag-in-can container with a pre-compression spray engine, and aerosol-like pressurization of the freshening composition without a propellant.
The spray dispenser may be capable of withstanding internal pressure in the range of about 20 p.s.i.g. to about 140 psig, alternatively about 80 to about 130 p.s.i.g.
The total composition output and the spray droplet/particle size distribution may be selected to support the particulate removal efficacy but avoid a surface wetness problem. Total output is determined by the flow rate of the composition it is released from the spray dispenser. To achieve a spray profile that produces minimal surface wetness, it is desirable to have a low flow rate and small spray droplets.
Flow rate is determined by measuring the rate of composition expelled by a container for any 60 seconds period of use. The flow rate of the composition being released from the spray dispenser may be from about 0.0001 grams/second to about 2.5 grams/second. Alternatively, the flow rate may be from about 0.001 grams/second to about 1.8 grams/second, or about 0.01 grams/second to about 1.6 grams/second.
The mean particle size of the spray droplets may be in the range of from about 10 □m to about 100 □m, alternatively from about 20 □m to about 60 □m. At least some of the spray droplets are sufficiently small in size to be suspended in the air for at least about 10 minutes, and in some cases, for at least about 15 minutes, or at least about 30 minutes.
Small particles can be efficiently created when the spray is dispensed in a wide cone angle. For a given nozzle component and delivery tube, cone angles can be modified by varying the insertion depth of the nozzle in the delivery tube. The cone angle may be greater than about 20 degrees, or greater than about 30 degrees, or greater than about 35 degrees, or greater than about 40 degrees, or greater than about 50 degrees.
The spray dispenser may be configured to spray the composition at an angle that is between an angle that is parallel to the base of the container and an angle that is perpendicular thereto. The desired size of spray droplets can be delivered by other types of spray dispensers that are capable of being set to provide a narrow range of droplet size. Such other spray dispensers include, but are not limited to: foggers, ultrasonic nebulizers, electrostatic sprayers, and spinning disk sprayers.
The freshening composition may be delivered from the spray dispenser which includes delivery components including but not limited to a valve to control flow and to seal the freshening composition within the spray dispenser, a button actuator and a nozzle for dispensing the freshening composition to the environment.
Propellant
The sprayable product may include a propellant. Various propellants may be used, including condensable, liquefied gas propellants, such as hydrocarbon (e.g., dimethyl ether, “DME”, hydrofluoro olefin “HFO”) propellants, hydrofluorocarbon (“HFC”) propellants, and compressed gas propellants.
Compressed gas propellants include air, CO2, N2O, N2, and the like.
Propellants listed in the U.S. Federal Register 49 C.F.R. § 1.73.115, Class 2, Division 2.2 are considered acceptable. The propellant may particularly comprise a trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, and optionally a CAS number 1645-83-6 gas. Such propellants provide the benefit that they are not flammable, although the freshening compositions are not limited to inflammable propellants. One such propellant is commercially available from Honeywell International of Morristown, N.J. under the trade name HFO-1234ze or GWP-6.
By “condensable”, it is meant that the propellant transforms from a gaseous state of matter to a liquid state of matter in the spray dispenser and under the pressures encountered in use. Generally, the highest pressure occurs after the spray dispenser is charged with a freshening composition but before that first dispensing of that freshening composition by the user. A condensable propellant provides the benefit of a flatter depressurization curve as the freshening composition is depleted during usage.
The weight ratio of spray composition to propellant present in the sprayable product may be in the range of about 30:70 to about 70:30, alternatively about 40:60 to about 60:40.
The propellant may be a liquefied gas propellant comprising a mixture of propane, n-butane and isobutane having a propellant pressure of the region of 40 psig at 70° F. (2.72 atm at 294K). “Propellant pressure” refers to the approximate vapor pressure of the propellant, as opposed to “can pressure,” which refers to the gauge pressure contained within the container of a full aerosol device.
A propellant may include a hydrocarbon propellant selected from the group consisting of: n-butane, i-butane, propane and DME, and combinations thereof. A hydrocarbon propellant may include a mixture of n-butane, i-butane and propane collectively known by the trade reference “Butane X”, wherein “X” is a number referring to the partial pressure of the mixture in psig at 70° F., with especially preferred examples being Butane 31, Butane 46 and Butane 70.
An Example Spray Composition A is shown below:
0-2.5%
0-3.0%
0-3.0%
0-2.0%
Example Spray Composition A may leave less wetness on surfaces where it is sprayed than water-based compositions. Example Spray Composition A may also provide long-lasting release of perfume. Example Spray Composition A may also give a triggered release of perfume when the treated surface is exposed to water.
Another exemplary spray composition, Example Spray Composition B, is shown below:
0-3.0%
0-3.0%
0-2.0%
Spray Composition B may leave less wetness on surfaces where it is sprayed than water-based compositions. Example Spray Composition B may also provide long-lasting release of perfume. Example Spray Composition B may also give a triggered release of perfume when the treated surface is exposed to water, and exhibit a generally consistent spray performance throughout the lifetime of the can.
The sprayable product may be used to treat a surface. A method of using the sprayable product may include spraying a surface with a spray composition and exposing the surface to water. The step of exposing the surface to water may include cleaning the surface with a substrate or by contacting the surface with skin or other sources of water. The treatment may include freshening the surface and/or removing malodors from the surface. The surface may include fabrics, clothing, blankets, curtains, pillows, furniture, carpet, countertops, and the like. The substrate may include a disposable substrate such as paper towel or a dry non-woven wipe. The substrate may also include reusable cloths, towels, or the like. The substrate may be pre-moistened with water or may be wetted with water before cleaning the surface.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62383646 | Sep 2016 | US |
