Patent Application
20140045131
The present invention relates to a spray drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water that is generated at the time of flue gas treatment for treating a flue gas discharged from a boiler, and an air pollution control system.
In the past, there has been known an air pollution control system that treats a flue gas discharged from a boiler installed in a thermal power facility or the like. The air pollution control system includes a denitration device that removes a nitrogen oxide from the flue gas discharged from the boiler, an air heater that recovers the heat of the flue gas having passed through the denitration device, a precipitator that removes soot and dust contained in the flue gas from which heat has been recovered, and a desulfurization device that removes a sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas from which soot and dust have been removed. A wet desulfurization device, which removes a sulfur oxide contained in a flue gas by bringing a limestone absorbent or the like into gas-liquid contact with the flue gas, is generally used as the desulfurization device.
A large amount of various toxic substances, such as ions such as chlorine ions and ammonium ions and mercury, are contained in waste water (hereinafter, referred to as “desulfurization waste water”) discharged from the wet desulfurization device. For this reason, it is necessary to remove these toxic substances from the desulfurization waste water before the desulfurization waste water is discharged to the outside of a system. However, since treatment for removing these various toxic substances contained in the desulfurization waste water is complicated, there is a problem in that treatment costs are high. Accordingly, a method, which reuses desulfurization waste water in a system without discharging desulfurization waste water to the outside of a system, has been proposed to reduce the treatment costs for desulfurization waste water. For example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2 disclose an air pollution control apparatus including a facility that branches a flue gas from a flue gas duct of a main line to which a denitration device, an air heater, a precipitator, and a desulfurization device are connected, gasifies desulfurization waste water by spraying the desulfurization waste water, and is separately installed. The apparatus introduces a part of a flue gas to this facility from the flue gas duct of the main line, precipitates toxic substances by spraying the desulfurization waste water into the flue gas in the facility in order to evaporate the desulfurization waste water, and then returns the flue gas to the flue gas duct of the main line (Patent Literatures 1 and 2).
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 63-200818
Patent Literature 2: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 9-313881
In the air pollution control apparatus of Patent Literatures 1 and 2, the facility, which branches a part of the flue gas from the flue gas duct and gasifies the desulfurization waste water by spraying the desulfurization waste water (or waste liquid) discharged from the desulfurization device, is provided and the desulfurization waste water is evaporated. However, since the desulfurization waste water discharged from the desulfurization device contains solids, there is a problem in that the desulfurization waste water may not be sprayed and dried well.
In addition, recently, the elimination of waste water has been desired in the air pollution control facility due to the consideration for the environment of a water resource in an inland area or the like. Accordingly, the appearance of an air pollution control facility, which can stably operate and achieves the elimination of waste water, has been desired.
A spray dryer, which dries desulfurization waste water, can be used as a facility that achieves the elimination of waste water. However, when the desulfurization waste water is sprayed and dried using a flue gas of a boiler, there is the following problem.
High-concentration ashes are contained in the flue gas of the boiler. When the desulfurization waste water is further evaporated, a large amount of precipitated salt contained in the waste water is present. For this reason, a countermeasure against the precipitated salt is required.
The invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problem, and an object of the invention is to provide a spray drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water that can achieve the elimination of desulfurization waste water from a desulfurization device, and an air pollution control system.
According to a first aspect of the present invention in order to solve the above-problems, there is provided a spray drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water, the spray drying apparatus including: a gas inlet provided in a side wall in the vicinity of a top portion of a body of the spray drying apparatus, for introducing a flue gas for drying a spray; flow-adjusting plates provided in the body of the spray drying apparatus, for decelerating the introduced flue gas so as to change the flow of the flue gas to a laminar flow; a spray nozzle for spraying dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water into the flue gas having been changed to the laminar flow; and a joining unit for joining a bottom portion of the body of the spray drying apparatus to a main flue gas duct for the flue gas so as to discharge spray-dried solids to the main flue gas duct.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the spray drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water according to the first aspect, further including: protective plates provided in the vicinity of a flue gas introduction area in the body of the spray drying apparatus, for preventing abrasion of an inner wall surface caused by solids contained in the flue gas.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the spray drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water according to the first or second aspect, further including: a washing unit for washing an inner peripheral wall surface of the spray drying apparatus.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air pollution control system including: a boiler for combusting fuel; an air heater for recovering heat of a flue gas supplied from the boiler; a precipitator for removing soot and dust contained in the flue gas from which heat has been recovered; a desulfurization device for removing a sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas, from which soot and dust have been removed, by an absorbent; a dehydrator for removing gypsum from desulfurization waste water discharged from the desulfurization device; the spray drying apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects including a spray unit for spraying dehydrated filtrate supplied from the dehydrator; and a flue gas introduction line for introducing a part of the flue gas to the spray drying apparatus.
According to the invention, in the spray drying apparatus, the flue gas is changed to the laminar flow and the dehydrated filtrate from the desulfurization waste water is sprayed into the flue gas, which has been changed to the laminar flow, from the spray nozzle. Accordingly, the dehydrated filtrate is sprayed and dried well. In this case, abrasion caused by the flue gas to be introduced is prevented by the protective plates.
In addition, since a washing unit for washing the inner portion of the spray drying apparatus is provided, the generation of scale on the inner wall surface is prevented by the washing of the high-concentration ashes contained in the flue gas and a large amount of precipitated salt after spraying and drying.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Meanwhile, the invention is not limited by this embodiment. Further, when the invention includes a plurality of embodiments, the invention also includes the combination of the respective embodiments. Furthermore, elements of the following embodiments include elements that can be easily supposed by those skilled in the art, or substantially the same elements as the elements.
The air pollution control system 10 includes a boiler 11 that combusts fuel F, a denitration device 12 that removes a nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18 supplied from the boiler 11, an air heater 13 that recovers heat of the flue gas 18 having been subjected to denitration, a precipitator 14 that removes soot and dust contained in the flue gas 18 from which heat has been recovered, a desulfurization device 15 that removes a sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas 18, from which soot and dust have been removed, by using limestone slurry 20 that is an absorbent, a dehydrator 32 that removes gypsum 31 from desulfurization waste water 30 discharged from the desulfurization device 15, a spray drying apparatus 50 (a spray drying apparatus 50A or 50B described later) that includes a spray unit for spraying dehydrated filtrate 33 supplied from the dehydrator 32, and a flue gas introduction line L11 through which a part of the flue gas 18 is introduced to the spray drying apparatus 50. Accordingly, since the dehydrated filtrate 33 from which the gypsum 31 has been removed is sprayed and dried in the spray drying apparatus 50 by the introduced flue gas 18, it is possible to stably achieve the elimination of waste water of the desulfurization waste water 30.
The denitration device 12 is a device that removes a nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18 supplied from the boiler 11 through the gas supply line L1, and includes a denitration catalyst layer (not illustrated) therein. A reducing agent injector (not illustrated) is disposed on the upstream side of the denitration catalyst layer, and a reducing agent is injected to the flue gas 18 from the reducing agent injector. Here, for example, ammonia, urea, ammonium chloride, and the like are used as the reducing agent. The nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18 introduced to the denitration device 12 comes into contact with the denitration catalyst layer, so that the nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18 is decomposed into a nitrogen gas (N2) and water (H2O) and is removed. Further, when the amount of chlorine (Cl) of mercury contained in the flue gas 18 is increased, the ratio of bivalent mercury chloride dissolvable in water is increased. Accordingly, mercury is easily collected by the desulfurization device 15 to be described below.
Meanwhile, the denitration device 12 is not essential. If the concentration of a nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18 supplied from the boiler 11 or the concentration of mercury is low or these materials are not contained in the flue gas 18, the denitration device 12 may not be provided.
The air heater 13 is a heat exchanger that recovers the heat of the flue gas 18 supplied through a flue gas supply line L2 after a nitrogen oxide is removed by the denitration device 12. Since the temperature of the flue gas 18, which has passed through the denitration device 12, is in the range of about 300° C. to 400° C., that is, high, heat exchange between the high-temperature flue gas 18 and room-temperature combustion air is performed by the air heater 13. The combustion air of which the temperature becomes high by the heat exchange is supplied to the boiler 11. Meanwhile, the flue gas 18, which has been subjected to heat exchange performed between the room-temperature combustion air and itself, is cooled to a temperature of about 150° C.
The precipitator 14 is to remove soot and dust contained in the flue gas 18, which is supplied through a gas supply line L3, after heat recovery. Examples of the precipitator 14 include an inertial precipitator, a centrifugal precipitator, a filtration type precipitator, an electric precipitator, and a washing type precipitator, but the precipitator 14 is not particularly limited. Meanwhile, reference numeral 16 of
The desulfurization device 15 is a wet device that removes a sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas 18 supplied through a gas supply line L4 after soot and dust are removed. Limestone slurry 20 (an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving limestone powder in water) is used as an alkaline absorbent in the desulfurization device 15, and temperature in the desulfurization device is adjusted in the range of about 30 to 80° C. The limestone slurry 20 is supplied to a bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15 from a limestone slurry supply device 21. The limestone slurry 20, which is supplied to the bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15, is sent to a plurality of nozzles 23, which are provided in the desulfurization device 15, through an absorbent supply line (not illustrated), and is ejected toward a top portion 24 from the nozzles 23. The flue gas 18, which rises from the bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15, comes into gas-liquid contact with the limestone slurry 20 ejected from the nozzles 23, so that the sulfur oxide and mercury chloride contained in the flue gas 18 are absorbed in the limestone slurry 20 and are separated and removed from the flue gas 18. The flue gas 18, which is purified by the limestone slurry 20, is discharged from the top portion 24 of the desulfurization device 15 as a purified gas 26, and is discharged from a stack 27 to the outside of the system.
In the desulfurization device 15, the sulfur oxide SOx contained in the flue gas 18 causes a reaction, which is represented by the following formula (1), to the limestone slurry 20.
CaCO3+SO2+0.5H2O→CaSO3.0.5H2O+CO2 (1)
In addition, the limestone slurry 20, which has absorbed SOx contained in the flue gas 18, is oxidized by air (not illustrated) supplied to the bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15, and causes a reaction, which is represented by the following formula (2), to air.
CaSO2.0.5H2O+0.5O2+1.5H2O→CaSO4.2H2O (2)
In this way, SOx contained in the flue gas 18 is captured in the desulfurization device 15 in the form of gypsum CaSO4.2H2O.
Further, liquid, which is stored in the bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15 and is pumped up, is used as the limestone slurry 20 as described above. However, the gypsum CaSO4.2H2O is mixed with the pumped limestone slurry 20 by the reaction formulae (1) and (2) with the operation of the desulfurization device 15. In the following description, limestone gypsum slurry (limestone slurry with which gypsum has been mixed) to be pumped is referred to as an absorbent.
An absorbent (limestone gypsum slurry), which is used for desulfurization, is discharged as the desulfurization waste water 30 to the outside from the bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15, is sent to the dehydrator 32 through a waste water line L20 to be described below, and is dehydrated here. Heavy metal such as mercury and halogen ions, such as Cl−, Br−, I−, and F−, other than gypsum are contained in this desulfurization waste water 30.
The dehydrator 32 is to separate a solid component, which contains the gypsum 31 of the desulfurization waste water 30, from a liquid component of the dehydrated filtrate 33. For example, a belt filter, a centrifugal separator, a decanter type centrifugal settler, and the like are used as the dehydrator 32. The gypsum 31 is separated from the desulfurization waste water 30, which is discharged from the desulfurization device 15, by the dehydrator 32. In this case, mercury chloride contained in the desulfurization waste water 30 is separated from liquid together with the gypsum 31 while being adsorbed in the gypsum 31. The separated gypsum 31 is discharged to the outside of the system.
Meanwhile, the dehydrated filtrate 33, which is separate liquid, is sent to the spray drying apparatus 50 through a dehydration line L21. Meanwhile, the dehydrated filtrate 33 is temporarily stored in a waste water tank (not illustrated).
The spray drying apparatus 50 includes a gas introducing unit to which a part of the flue gas 18 is introduced through the flue gas introduction line L11 branched from the flue gas supply line L2 that is a main line for the flue gas 18 supplied from the boiler 11, and a spray unit for sprinkling or spraying the dehydrated filtrate 33. Further, the dehydrated filtrate 33, which has been sprinkled or sprayed, is evaporated and dried by the heat of the flue gas 18 to be introduced. Furthermore, the flue gas 18, which has contributed to drying in the spray drying apparatus 50, is directly supplied to the gas supply line L3.
Since the dehydrated filtrate 33, which is obtained by removing the gypsum 31 from the desulfurization waste water 30, is sprayed and dried in the invention, it is possible to prevent the clogging of the spray unit.
That is, since the desulfurization waste water itself is not sprayed, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of dry particles that are generated with the evaporation of the desulfurization waste water. As a result, it is possible to suppress clogging that is caused by the adhesion of the dry particles. Further, since the mercury chloride is also separated and removed together with the gypsum 31 by the dehydration of the desulfurization waste water 30, it is possible to prevent the increase of the concentration of mercury contained in the flue gas 18 when the waste water is sprayed.
Furthermore, since a part of the flue gas 18 flowing into the air heater 13 is branched from the flue gas supply line L2 through the flue gas introduction line L11 in this embodiment, the temperature of the flue gas is high (350 to 400° C.). Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently spray and dry the dehydrated filtrate 33.
As illustrated in
Moreover, in this embodiment, protective plates 61, which prevent the abrasion of the inner wall surface caused by the solids contained in the flue gas 18, are provided along the wall in the introduction area of the flue gas 18 in the body of the spray drying apparatus 50A.
The reason for this is as follows: since the speed of the flow of the flue gas 18 to be introduced is in a range of, for example, about 10 to 18 m/s and the flue gas 18 is introduced in a tangential direction of the body of the apparatus, the protective plates 61 are installed to prevent the abrasion of an inner wall surface 51d of the body of the spray drying apparatus.
As illustrated in
Much soot and dust such as ashes having high hardness are contained in the flue gas 18 supplied from the boiler 11. Furthermore, the inner wall surface 51d needs to be protected from the abrasion that is caused by the ashes having high hardness at the time of the collision of a swirl flow that is generated when the flue gas 18 flows in from the gas inlet 52. For this reason, the protective plates 61, which can be freely inserted, are provided along the inner wall surface 51d.
Meanwhile, the flue gas 18 is introduced into the spray drying apparatus 50A by a difference in pressure loss between the flue gas supply line L2 and the flue gas introduction line L11, or the flue gas 18 is introduced by using an induced draft fan or the like as necessary.
Moreover, an uneven surface 61a is further formed on the surface of the protective plate 61 as illustrated in
The uneven surface 61a, which is a deceleration unit, has been formed on the protective plate 61 in this embodiment. However, the invention is not limited thereto, and a gas deceleration unit may be separately and independently provided.
The flow-adjusting plates 53 are provided to further weaken the vortex flow of the flue gas 18 that collides with the protective plate 61.
The flow-adjusting plates 53 according to this embodiment are radially supported around a supply line 54a for the dehydrated filtrate 33, which is supplied to the spray nozzle 54, by a support unit (not illustrated). Further, the flue gas 18 is changed to a downward flow of a laminar flow X from a vortex flow (swirl flow) by the flow-adjusting plates 53.
Meanwhile, the flow-adjusting plates 53 may be vertically provided close to the inner wall surface 51d.
The dehydrated filtrate 33 is ejected as a spray 33a from the spray nozzle 54 to the flue gas 18 having been changed to the laminar flow X.
Here, as long as the spray nozzle 54 sprays the dehydrated filtrate 33 in the form of droplets having a predetermined diameter, the type of the spray nozzle 54 is not limited. For example, a spray unit, such as a two-fluid nozzle or a rotary atomizer, may be used. Meanwhile, a two-fluid nozzle is suitable to spray a relatively small amount of dehydrated filtrate 33, and a rotary atomizer is suitable to spray a relatively large amount of dehydrated filtrate 33.
Moreover, the number of nozzles is not one, and a plurality of nozzles may be provided according to the amount of dehydrated filtrate to be treated.
A washing unit for washing the inner peripheral wall surface of the spray drying apparatus 50A is provided in this embodiment.
The washing unit includes a washing nozzle 71 that injects washing liquid 72 over the entire inner wall surface 51d and forms a wet wall 72a, and a recovery gutter 73 that recovers falling liquid of the wet wall 72a.
The wet wall 72a is formed over the entire inner wall surface 51d so that the generation of a deposit precipitated from the flue gas 18 and the dehydrated filtrate 33 is prevented.
The washing unit may be installed as necessary, and may be omitted when the generation of a deposit is less.
Meanwhile, since a spray drying area in the spray drying apparatus 50A is desulfurization filtrate of which the boiling point is higher than the boiling point of general water so that the spray 33a sprayed from the spray nozzle 54 is dried well, the length of the spray drying area is changed according to the evaporation rate of the filtrate so that the residence time of the spray 33a is long.
The bottom portion of the spray drying apparatus 50A is joined to a flue gas duct-side opening 82 of the gas supply line L3 of the main flue gas duct for the flue gas 18 by the joining unit 80 that is jointed to a bottom portion-side opening 81 of the spray drying apparatus. Further, the flue gas 18, which has contributed to the spraying and drying, is directly discharged into the flue gas duct through the joining unit 80.
For example, an expansion is exemplified as the joining unit 80 and prevents interference between the bottom portion of the spray drying apparatus 50A and the flue gas duct.
Furthermore, since the height of the spray drying apparatus 50A is in a range of about 8 to 10 m, the spray drying apparatus 50A is supported by struts or the like separate from the flue gas duct. Meanwhile, if the support of the flue gas duct is solid, the bottom portion of the spray drying apparatus 50A and the flue gas duct may be directly joined to each other by the joining unit 80 without support members.
Accordingly, a unit for discharging a flue gas and a unit for discharging ashes do not need to be installed unlike the case in which the spray drying apparatus is separately and independently installed. As a result, it is possible to simplify the structure of the apparatus.
According to this embodiment, in the spray drying apparatus 50A, the flue gas 18 is changed to the laminar flow X by the flow-adjusting plates 53 and the dehydrated filtrate 33 from the desulfurization waste water 30 is sprayed into the flue gas 18, which has been changed to the laminar flow X, from the spray nozzle 54. Accordingly, the dehydrated filtrate 33 is sprayed and dried well. In this case, since the abrasion, which is caused by the flue gas 18 colliding with the inner wall surface 51d when being introduced and discharged, is prevented by the protective plates 61, the durability of the spray drying apparatus 50A is improved.
In addition, since the washing unit for washing the inner portion of the spray drying apparatus 50A is provided and washing using the wet wall 72a is performed, it is possible to prevent the generation of scale on the inner wall surface by washing the high-concentration ashes 56 contained in the flue gas 18 and a large amount of precipitated salt after spraying and drying. Accordingly, the durability of the spray drying apparatus 50A is improved.
As illustrated in
A wet wall 72a, which is formed on the inner surface of a body of the spray drying apparatus, washes a precipitated deposit off. The washing liquid 72 is recovered by a recovery gutter 73 and is recovered to the washing liquid storage tank 74 through a recovery line L31 and is stored. The washing liquid 72 is supplied again to a washing nozzle 71 through a washing liquid supply line L32 by a circulating pump 75.
Further, since the concentration of the washing liquid 72 is increased if washing is continued for a long period of time, dilution water 76 is appropriately supplied to dilute the washing liquid. Furthermore, when the concentration of the washing liquid becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, a part of the washing liquid 72 is drawn from the washing liquid storage tank 74, and the washing liquid 72 is diluted with the same amount of the dilution water 76 as the drawn washing liquid. Then, washing is performed again.
10 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
11 BOILER
12 DENITRATION DEVICE
13 AIR HEATER
14 PRECIPITATOR
15 DESULFURIZATION DEVICE
16 COLLECTED DUST ASH
18 FLUE GAS
30 DESULFURIZATION WASTE WATER
32 DEHYDRATOR
33 DEHYDRATED FILTRATE
50A, 50B SPRAY DRYING APPARATUS
52 GAS INLET
53 FLOW-ADJUSTING PLATE
54 SPRAY NOZZLE
56 ASHES
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-122502 | May 2011 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/063997 | 5/30/2012 | WO | 00 | 10/15/2013 |
