Patent Grant
10968081
This application is the National Stage Entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/SE2016/050070, filed 1 Feb. 2016, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to a spreader for lifting an intermodal transport container. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a spreader.
WO2011093768A1 discloses an exemplary spreader for lifting intermodal containers. An intermodal container is a standardized shipping container which can be used across and transferred between different modes of transport, such as rail, truck and ship, without unloading and reloading the cargo inside the container.
Containers and other types of rigid load carriers of different standard dimensions are normally handled with the aid of a container spreader or yoke, which may typically be carried by a truck or a crane. The spreader attaches to a container at lifting castings, which are often called corner castings as they are typically arranged in all corners of a standard 20- or 40-foot container. For the purpose, the spreader is provided with a plurality of twist-locks, which are known in the art. Often, the spreader is telescopic so as to allow changing the distance between twist-locks along a longitudinal axis of the container, in order to accommodate for containers of different standard lengths. Containers having lengths other than 20 or 40 feet, such as 45-, 48- and 53-foot containers, often have a set of lifting castings separated by a standardized distance corresponding to the corner castings of a 20- or 40-foot container. Standards for intermodal containers are specified by the International Organization for Standardization, ISO, e.g. in the standards ISO 668:2013 and ISO 1496-1:2013.
It will be understood that container spreaders are used for handling large and heavy loads, and are exposed to high levels of stress. Such stress may lead to material fatigue, and if overweight containers are handled or service intervals are not respected, even fractures in critical components of the spreader. Needless to say, a container dropped to the ground may cause substantial damage. Hence, there is an incessant strive to increase the safety and reliability of container handling. At the same time, there are also other requirements that need to be met by a spreader. By way of example, it should be possible to produce and operate at a reasonable cost, and it should be easy and convenient to operate.
It is an object of the present invention to solve, or at least mitigate, parts or all of the above mentioned problems. To this end there is, according to a first concept, provided a spreader for lifting an intermodal transport container, the spreader comprising a main frame comprising a first travelling beam guide and, adjacent to said first travelling beam guide, a second travelling beam guide; a first travelling beam having a proximal end guided in said first travelling beam guide so as to allow movement along a first guide axis, and a distal end connected to a first twist-lock arrangement; and a second travelling beam having a proximal end guided in said second travelling beam guide so as to allow movement along a second guide axis parallel to the first guide axis, and a distal end connected to a second twist-lock arrangement, wherein the distal ends of said travelling beams are configured to variably extend from the respective travelling beam guides in opposite directions, so as to allow changing the axial distance between said first and second twist-lock arrangements to accommodate for containers of different axial lengths. The main frame comprises a main beam formed of a first, upper C-beam of a relatively thicker material thickness, said upper C-beam being oriented so as to define a downwards-facing channel; and a second, lower C-beam of a relatively thinner material thickness, said lower C-beam being oriented so as to define an upwards-facing channel, said upper and lower C-beams facing each other to define an inner space comprising said upper and lower channels. Using such a design, the material thickness of the upper portion of the main beam can be increased without increasing the total weight of the main beam. Such a spreader can thereby be made with fewer, or completely without, transversal reinforcement bands welded across the top surface of the main beam at predefined stop positions, associated with e.g. 20- and 40-foot containers, of the travelling beams' proximal ends. The main beam will thereby be relatively free from transversal welds, which would otherwise define transversal lines of weakness across the top of the beam—lines of weakness that could potentially allow the formation of cracks, and that would require the transversal reinforcement bands to have a substantial material thickness to compensate for the loss of strength due to the welds. Using a main beam as defined above, the overall weight of the main beam can be significantly reduced, with maintained or increased strength. Moreover, any vertical separation wall between the travelling beam guides can be made substantially thinner, or even removed, compared to the double wall resulting from welding a pair of hollow structural section, HSS, beams together. By way of example, a main frame for laden containers can be made more than 1000 kg lighter, which also allows for reducing the dimensions and weight of any suspension element, such as a rotator, between the spreader and e.g. a reach stacker truck. The total weight reduction, which may amount to more than 1500 kg, translates to a lower production cost of the spreader as well as significantly reduced tyre wear on any truck carrying the spreader. Preferably, the upper and lower C-beams are made of steel plate. A preferred steel plate thickness of the upper C-beam is between 15 mm and 25 mm, and more preferred, between 18 mm and 23 mm. A preferred steel plate thickness of the lower C-beam is between 8 mm and 11 mm.
According to an embodiment, the spreader further comprises a vertical separation wall dividing said inner space into said first and second travelling beam guides. Such a wall may be made using one layer of steel plate or steel sheet only, and using e.g. steel plate of a relatively thin material thickness, allowing its weight to be kept low. It also does not need to be uninterrupted along the length of the main beam, which also allows keeping its weight low. The separation wall may be welded to the inner faces of the upper and lower C-beams, thereby adding to the strength and stability of the main beam.
According to an embodiment, the first and second twist-lock arrangements are movable between a 20-foot position, in which the axial distance between the first and second twist-lock arrangements is adapted for engaging with the corner castings of a 20-foot ISO container, and a 40-foot position, in which the axial distance between the first and second twist-lock arrangements is adapted for engaging with the corner castings of a 40-foot ISO container. “20-foot” and “40-foot” refer to the established nomenclature of standardized containers; the ISO-standard distance between the twist-locks is somewhat shorter, since the twist-locks engage with openings in the containers' corner castings. The corresponding preferred longitudinal centre-to-centre distances between the twist-locks are about 5853 mm for 20-foot containers and about 11985 mm for 40-foot containers, respectively. Any references to feet or inches within this disclosure should be construed as references to established standard dimensions, rather than to the distances as such. This is also the reason why this disclosure does not consistently use the metric system for such dimensions.
According to an embodiment, said upper and lower C-beams are welded together along a pair of longitudinal welds. For maximum strength, said upper and lower beams are preferably welded directly to each other along said longitudinal welds, without any intermediate component between them.
According to an embodiment, the vertical height of the upper C-beam is lower than the vertical height of the lower C-beam. Such a configuration provides for a low weight of the main beam.
According to an embodiment, each of said first and second travelling beam guides has a rectangular cross-section.
According to an embodiment, the spreader further comprises a beam suspension arrangement, wherein the main beam is suspended in said beam suspension arrangement and comprises a pair of opposite outer side wall faces, each outer side wall face provided with a side shift rail protruding therefrom and extending along a longitudinal direction of the main beam, each side shift rail resting on a respective vertical support of said suspension arrangement so as to allow moving the main beam on said vertical supports in said longitudinal direction, the main beam being guided along said longitudinal direction by a pair of side supports facing the respective outer side wall faces. Preferably, the side shift rails are attached to the lower C-beam; thereby, the rails may reinforce the relatively thinner material of the lower C-beam. Alternatively, the side shift rails may be attached to the upper C-beam; thereby, the relatively thicker material of the upper C-beam will provide for a high strength in the suspension of the main beam. Still alternatively, the side shift rails may be attached to an interface between the upper and lower C-beams; thereby, the rails may reinforce any weld interconnecting the upper and lower C-beams. According to an embodiment, each rail may have an L-shaped profile, wherein an upright portion of each L-shape may be welded or otherwise attached to the respective outer side wall face. Thereby, the upright portion may reinforce the respective side wall of the main beam. The side supports may be attached to the beam suspension arrangement. The vertical and/or side supports may be configured as slide pads, which may be made of a plastic such as polyurethane. According to an embodiment, the side supports are configured to guide the main beam at the height of the upper C-beam. Thanks to the relatively thicker material thickness of the upper C-beam, such an arrangement makes the spreader resistant to high side loads, i.e. loads on the spreader in a horizontal direction transversal to the guide axes. It may also allow forming lightening holes in the side walls of the lower C-beam without compromising the total strength of the main beam to typical loads, thereby even further reducing the weight of the spreader. Preferably, the side supports are located above the side shift rails. Such an arrangement permits the use of an upper C-beam of relatively limited vertical height, thereby keeping the weight of the spreader low.
According to an embodiment, each of said travelling beams rests on an inner bottom surface of the respective travelling beam guide via a respective slide pad arrangement, wherein each slide pad arrangement has a total length along the respective guide axis of at least 600 mm. Thereby, the weight of the travelling beams, and any load carried by them, will be distributed across a large portion of the travelling beam guide's bottom surface, allowing the material thickness of the lower C-beam to be minimized. Each slide pad arrangement may comprise a plurality of slide pads distributed along the length of the respective travelling beam guide.
According to an embodiment, the main beam has a first end, at which the first travelling beam is configured to extend from a travelling beam aperture of the first travelling beam guide, and a second end, at which the second travelling beam is configured to extend from a travelling beam aperture of the second traveling beam guide, wherein said first end of the main beam is provided with a first steel plate end collar enclosing the first travelling beam guide aperture and at least partly closing a rear end opening of the second travelling beam guide; and said second end of the main beam is provided with a second steel plate end collar enclosing the second travelling beam guide aperture and at least partly closing a rear end opening of the first travelling beam guide. According to an embodiment, each of said end collars may extend radially outwards from the hollow beam structure formed by the upper and lower C-beams. The end collars may extend in a plane perpendicular to the guide axes. The end collars will assist in maintaining the desired shape and cross-section of the main beam also when exposed to high loads. Preferably, the end collars are welded to the main beam. According to an embodiment, the travelling beam guides are rectangular, and each of said end collars forms a diagonal element across the respective rectangular rear end opening, so as to define a planar truss. Such an arrangement forms a particularly strong and light main beam.
According to an embodiment, said first and second twist-lock arrangements are configured to engage with lifting castings on a top face of the container. According to an embodiment, said first twist-lock arrangement comprises a first pair of twist-locks, which are spaced along a direction perpendicular to the first guide axis; said second twist-lock arrangement comprises a second pair of twist-locks, which are spaced along a direction perpendicular to the second guide axis; and said first and second pairs of twist-locks are arranged in a rectangular pattern for engaging with lifting castings arranged in a mating rectangular pattern on a top face of the container. Such a configuration of the twist-locks is typical of a top-lift spreader.
According to another aspect of said first concept, there is provided a method of producing a spreader main beam, the method comprising providing a first C-beam of a relatively thicker material thickness, said first C-beam comprising, as seen in cross-section, a web portion interconnecting a pair of flanges extending therefrom in the same general direction; providing a second C-beam of a relatively thinner material thickness, said second C-beam comprising, as seen in cross-section, a web portion interconnecting a pair of flanges extending therefrom in the same general direction; and welding the flanges of said first C-beam to the flanges of said second C-beam along a longitudinal direction of the C-beams, so as to form an elongate space enclosed by the flanges and web portions of the C-beams. Using such a method, a main beam as described hereinbefore may be provided. Clearly, the method steps need not be performed in the exact order suggested above.
According to an embodiment, the method further comprises welding an inner wall element to the web portion of the first C-beam along said longitudinal direction; and welding said inner wall element to the web portion of the second C-beam along said longitudinal direction.
According to a second concept, there is provided a travelling beam for an intermodal transport container spreader, such as the spreader described in any of the embodiments hereinabove, the travelling beam having a proximal end configured to be guided in a travelling beam guide of a main frame of the spreader so as to allow movement along a guide axis, and a distal end connected to a twist-lock arrangement, the travelling beam being characterized in being formed of a first, upper C-beam of a relatively thinner material thickness, said upper C-beam being oriented so as to define a downwards-facing channel; and a second, lower C-beam of a relatively thicker material thickness, said lower C-beam being oriented so as to define an upwards-facing channel, said upper and lower C-beams facing each other to define an inner space comprising said upper and lower channels. Using such a travelling beam, the overall weight of the travelling beam can be significantly reduced, with maintained or even increased strength. Similar to the main beam described hereinbefore, the upper and lower C-beams of the travelling beam may be welded together along a pair of longitudinal welds. The vertical height of the upper C-beam may be higher than the vertical height of the lower C-beam, thereby minimizing the weight of the travelling beam. The travelling beam may have a rectangular cross-section. At its proximal end, the travelling beam may be provided with an inner or outer reinforcement of the upper C-beam, thereby reinforcing its line of contact with the upper, inner surface of the respective travelling beam guide.
According to a third concept, there is provided a top-lift spreader for lifting an intermodal transport container, the top-lift spreader comprising a first pair of twist-locks and a second pair of twist-locks, wherein each pair of twist-locks comprises a first twist-lock and a second twist-lock, said first and second pairs of twist-locks being arranged in a rectangular pattern, a long side of which defines a longitudinal direction and a short side of which defines a transversal direction, the twist-locks being configured to engage with lifting castings arranged in a mating rectangular pattern on a top face of the container, each of said twist-locks comprising a male locking insert configured to be inserted into a top opening of the respective lifting casting, the male locking insert comprising an insert end portion which is twistable about a vertical rotation axis to a lock position for engaging with the respective lifting casting, wherein each pair of twist-locks is reconfigurable between a standard, ISO position mode, in which the distance between the rotation axis of the male locking insert end portion of the first twist-lock and the rotation axis of the male locking insert end portion of the second twist-lock is about 2258 mm, and a wide twist-lock position, WTP, mode, in which the distance between the rotation axis of the male locking insert end portion of the first twist-lock and the rotation axis of the male locking insert end portion of the second twist-lock is about 2448 mm, the spreader comprising an indicator configured to provide an indication if at least one pair of twist-locks is set in WTP mode when lowered onto respective lifting castings provided with top openings having a centre-to-centre distance corresponding to the ISO position mode. Here, the term “about” should be construed as being within an interval of +/−20 mm. Such an arrangement may assist in avoiding a potentially dangerous situation, in which the spreader is erroneously set in WTP position mode, and lowered onto a container having lifting castings transversally separated by a shorter distance according to ISO standard. The spreader may also be provided with a blocking arrangement configured to, based on the indication, prevent operating the twist-locks and/or lifting the container. The blocking arrangement may, by way of example, be implemented using an electronic control system; alternatively, it may comprise a blocking device mechanically linked to the indicator.
According to a variant of said third concept, there is provided a top-lift spreader for lifting an intermodal transport container, the top-lift spreader comprising a first pair of twist-locks and a second pair of twist-locks, wherein each pair of twist-locks comprises a first twist-lock and a second twist-lock, said first and second pairs of twist-locks being arranged in a rectangular pattern, a long side of which defines a longitudinal direction and a short side of which defines a transversal direction, the twist-locks being configured to engage with lifting castings arranged in a mating rectangular pattern on a top face of the container, wherein each pair of twist-locks is telescopically suspended to allow changing the longitudinal distance between the first pair of twist-locks and the second pair of twist-locks, and the twist-locks within each pair of twist-locks are telescopically suspended to allow changing the transversal distance between the first twist-lock and the second twist-lock, each twist-lock comprising a male locking insert configured to be inserted into a top opening of the respective lifting casting, the male locking insert comprising an insert end portion which is twistable about a vertical axis to a lock position; and an abutment face, flanking the male locking insert, the abutment face being configured to rest on a top surface of the respective lifting casting when the spreader has been lowered onto the container such that the male locking insert has been inserted into the top opening, wherein at least one, and preferably both twist-locks within at least one of said pairs of twist-locks comprises a landing indicator configured to detect when the abutment face is lowered onto the respective lifting casting top surface, wherein the landing indicator is configured to detect a portion of the lifting casting top surface transversally outside a transversally inner edge of the top opening of the respective lifting casting. Such a configuration of the landing indicators reduces the risk that the landing indicators provide a false landing indication, which reduces the risk that the twist-locks be actuated outside the lifting castings. In particular, the spreader will not receive a false landing indication when lowered onto a container with the twist-locks telescoped to a transversal distance wider than the width between the container's lifting castings. According to a preferred embodiment, each twist-lock within both twist-lock pairs is provided with a respective landing indicator of the above type.
According to an embodiment, the landing indicator comprises an actuator movable between a lower position, in which it protrudes below said abutment face, and an upper position, in which it is flush with said abutment face. Such an actuator may respond to direct contact with the upper surface of a lifting casting, and may be pushed to the upper position by the upper surface of the lifting casting. Preferably, the actuator is biased downwards towards the lower position by a resilient element, such as a spring. This will assure that the actuator will return to the lower position once the spreader has been released and lifted from the container.
According to an embodiment, the actuator comprises a U-shaped loop comprising a first loop leg and a second loop leg, said legs extending upwards from an intermediate portion interconnecting the loop legs, wherein each loop leg is guided in the vertical direction by a respective loop leg guide. Thereby, the intermediate portion may define the point of contact between the lifting casting and the actuator. With such a configuration, the presence of a lifting casting may be detected at any point along the length of the intermediate portion, which allows for a great degree of flexibility as regards the location of the loop leg guides. Moreover, the use of two guided loop legs will prevent accidentally twisting the actuator about a vertical axis, should the spreader accidentally touch an object with the actuator. This makes the actuator more resistant to damage. With a substantially straight intermediate portion, the length of the intermediate portion will be determined by the separation of the loop legs. Alternatively, the intermediate portion may follow a curve along the plane of the abutment face to cover any desired position along the abutment face.
According to an embodiment, said first loop leg is connected to a sensor configured to detect whether the loop is in its lower position or in its upper position, said first loop leg being located outside a vertical projection of the abutment face. Thereby, the sensor does not need to take up any substantial space directly above the abutment face, where space is limited and may be needed for other functions of the twist-lock. If desired, also the second loop leg may be located outside the vertical projection of the abutment face. Alternatively, it may be located within the vertical projection of the abutment face. It is not necessary that the second loop leg be provided with any sensing means. Thereby, the second loop leg may require no or very little space directly above the abutment face. The second loop leg also does not need to be provided with a spring, or any other resilient element. In fact, the second loop leg may be configured as a simple stub, which provides for a very compact arrangement.
According to an embodiment, at least one and preferably both twist-locks within said at least one of said pairs of twist-locks comprises a landing indicator configured to indicate, when the abutment face is lowered onto the respective lifting casting top surface, the presence of a portion of the lifting casting top surface transversally inside a transversally outer edge of the top opening of the respective lifting casting. Such a spreader reduces the risk of receiving false landing signals when misaligned onto adjacent containers. The landing indicator configured to indicate the presence of a portion of the lifting casting top surface transversally inside a transversally outer edge of the top opening of the respective lifting casting may be an auxiliary landing indicator, separate from the landing indicator configured to detect a portion of the lifting casting top surface transversally outside a transversally inner edge of the top opening of the respective lifting casting.
According to an embodiment, said landing indicator configured to detect a portion of the lifting casting top surface transversally outside a transversally inner edge of the top opening of the respective lifting casting is configured to generate an electronic landing confirmation signal, wherein at least one, and preferably both twist-locks within said at least one of said pairs of twist-locks further comprises an auxiliary landing indicator comprising an auxiliary actuator movable between a lower position, in which it protrudes below said abutment face, and an upper position, in which it is flush with said abutment face, wherein said auxiliary actuator is shaped to, when in the lower position, mechanically block the male locking insert end portion from turning to its lock position, and to, when in the upper position, provide clearance to allow the male locking insert end portion to turn to the lock position. Such a configuration provides an additional level of safety to the landing detection. According to an embodiment, said auxiliary actuator is located transversally inside the respective male locking insert, within the vertical projection of the abutment face. According to a preferred embodiment, each twist-lock within both twist-lock pairs is provided with a respective landing indicator of the above type.
According to an embodiment, said transversal distance between the first twist-lock and the second twist-lock is changeable between a predefined standard-body distance of about 2258 mm between centre axes of the respective male locking inserts, and a predefined wide-body distance of about 2448 mm between centre axes of the respective male locking inserts. Here, the term “about” should be construed as being within an interval of +/−20 mm.
According to a fourth concept, there is provided a spreader for lifting an intermodal transport container, the spreader comprising a spreader extension arrangement for variably changing a distance between a first twist-lock arrangement and a second twist-lock arrangement, wherein the spreader extension arrangement comprises a main frame comprising a hollow travelling beam guide; a travelling beam having a proximal end guided in the interior of the travelling beam guide so as to allow movement along a guide axis, and a distal end connected to one of said first and second twist-lock arrangements; and a hydraulic cylinder assembly configured to variably extend the distal end of said travelling beam from the travelling beam guide so as to change the axial distance between said first and second twist-lock arrangements to accommodate for containers of different axial lengths. The hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the exterior of the travelling beam guide. Such a design allows finalizing the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the main frame in parallel production lines, which reduces the time and cost of manufacturing a spreader.
According to an embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder has a first end attached to a top face of the main beam, and a second end attached to a top face of the distal end of the travelling beam. The top face is a particularly easy location to attach a hydraulic cylinder, since gravity will keep it in position while attaching it. Moreover, the hydraulic cylinder will be well protected from impact of e.g. a container to be lifted.
According to an embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder assembly further comprises a hydraulic connection assembly, which is configured to forward a hydraulic control signal to a hydraulic actuator other than said hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic connection assembly is attached to the hydraulic cylinder. The use of the hydraulic cylinder as a carrier for hydraulic connections, such as hydraulic hoses and/or pipes, to other components enables an even more efficient manufacture of the spreader, since the hydraulic connection assembly may be pre-mounted onto the hydraulic cylinder before attaching the entire hydraulic cylinder assembly to the main frame and travelling beam. Such a design may also increase the overall strength of the main frame since, compared to designs of spreaders known in the art, the hydraulic connection assembly does not require a large number of attachment screw holes drilled in the main frame.
According to a second aspect of said fourth concept, there is provided a method of manufacturing a spreader for lifting an intermodal transport container, the method comprising: providing a main frame comprising a travelling beam guide; inserting a proximal end of a travelling beam into the travelling beam guide; positioning a hydraulic cylinder assembly, comprising a hydraulic cylinder for controlling the travelling beam and a hydraulic connection assembly configured to forward a hydraulic control signal to a hydraulic actuator other than said hydraulic cylinder, on an outer face of the main frame; attaching a first end of said hydraulic cylinder to the main frame; attaching a second end of said hydraulic cylinder to a distal end of said travelling beam; and connecting said hydraulic connection assembly to said hydraulic actuator other than said hydraulic cylinder.
According to a fifth concept, there is provided a top-lift spreader for lifting an intermodal transport container, the top-lift spreader comprising a first pair of twist-locks and a second pair of twist-locks, said first and second pairs of twist-locks being arranged in a rectangular pattern, a long side of which defines a longitudinal direction and a short side of which defines a transversal direction, the twist-locks being configured to engage with lifting castings arranged in a mating rectangular pattern on a top face of the container, wherein said first pair of twist-locks are interconnected by a transversal beam carried by a longitudinal beam, said transversal beam comprising an inner side wall, facing towards the centre of the spreader, and an outer side wall, facing away from the centre of the spreader, wherein the inner and outer side walls are separated in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal beam extending through the inner side wall and into contact with the outer side wall, wherein the longitudinal beam is welded to each of said inner and outer side walls. Such a design provides for a high resistance to loads in the transversal, longitudinal, and vertical directions.
According to an embodiment, the transversal beam further comprises a bottom wall element having an inner edge extending beyond the inner side wall, to define a flange extending inwards in said longitudinal direction. Such a design provides for increased strength to any impacts on the transversal beam in the longitudinal direction. The flange may have a width, in the longitudinal direction, which gradually increases towards the location where the longitudinal beam interfaces the transversal beam. Preferably, the longitudinal beam is attached to the flange at this location. Such a shape of the flange provides for increased strength towards the centre of the transversal beam, where the bending moment is the highest.
According to an embodiment, each of said inner and outer side walls has a respective upper wall portion which is inclined longitudinally inwards, towards the centre of the spreader, so as to form an acute angle with a plane defined by said first and second pairs of twist-locks. Such a design provides for a particularly strong and rigid engagement between the longitudinal and transversal beams. Said upper wall portions of the inner and outer side walls may extend along substantially parallel planes. According to an embodiment, each of said inner and outer side walls also has a respective lower wall portion which forms an obtuse angle with the respective upper wall portion. The angled side walls form a very rigid structure. Preferably, the longitudinal beam penetrates the inner side wall at the interface between the upper and lower portions of the inner side wall, and is welded to the lower and upper wall portions of the inner and outer side walls.
According to an embodiment, the transversal beam has a vertical height which gradually decreases from the transversal beam's interface with the longitudinal beam towards the respective ends of the transversal beam. Such a shape provides for increased strength towards the centre of the transversal beam, where the bending moment generally is the highest, while permitting a reduced weight of the transversal beam's ends. Assuming a total length LT of the transversal beam, the gradual height decrease preferably extends in each direction to a respective position located less than ⅛ *LT from the transversal beam's end. The transversal beam may define a hollow structural section, HSS, shape which, by way of its increased height towards the centre, has a varying cross-section along its length in the transversal direction, with a vertically higher cross-section at its centre. The gradually increasing height may be defined by respective upper edges of the inner and outer side walls. Preferably, the upper edges of the inner and outer side walls substantially coincide, as seen from the side, along said longitudinal direction. Preferably, the edges are interconnected by an upper wall extending along the length of the upper edges.
The above, as well as additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention, will be better understood through the following illustrative and non-limiting detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention, with reference to the appended drawings, where the same reference numerals will be used for similar elements, wherein:
b are schematic side views of the top-lift spreader of
The first pair of twist-locks consists of a first twist-lock 18a and a second twist-lock 18b. Similarly, the second pair of twist-locks consists of a first twist-lock 18c and a second twist-lock 18d. The first and second pairs of twist-locks are arranged in a rectangular pattern, a long side of which extends along the longitudinal direction L and a short side of which extends along the transversal direction T, allowing the twist-locks 18a-d to engage with lifting castings 20 (
In the view of
As seen in the section plane IV-IV, the lower C-beam 62 has a vertical height HL which is higher than the vertical height HU of the upper C-beam 60. The upper and lower C-beams 60, 62 are welded directly together along a pair of longitudinal welds 64, 66, to form a main beam 24 of a generally rectangular cross-section. A vertical separation wall 37 extends between the upper and lower C-beams 60, 62, and divides the inner space defined by the upper and lower C-beams 60, 62 into said first and second travelling beam guides 26, 28, thereby making also the travelling beam guides 26, 28 substantially rectangular in cross-section. The separation wall 37 may be provided with a plurality of lightening holes (not shown). A pair of L-shaped side shift rails 52, 54 are welded to the lower C-beam 62 and extend in the longitudinal direction along opposite outer side wall faces 56, 58 of the main beam 24, thereby allowing the main beam 24 to be slidably suspended in the suspension arrangement 14. The thinner material thickness of the lower C-beam 62 allows the side shift rails 52, 54 to be countersunk laterally inside the outer side wall faces of the upper C-beam 60, and attached directly below the same, so as to vertically bear against the lower longitudinal edges of the upper C-beam 60. Thereby, the vertical load of the main beam 24 will be vertically applied directly onto the side shift rails 52, 54, reducing the strain on the welds connecting the side shift rails 52, 54 to the main beam 24. Each side shift rail 52, 54 rests in the suspension arrangement 14 on a set of slide pads 68, of which one on each side of the main beam 24 is illustrated in the cross-section of
The main beam 24 is, at each of a first end 74 and a second end 76, provided with a respective steel plate end collar 78, 80 extending outwards from the hollow structure defined by the upper and lower C-beams along a respective plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. As is illustrated in
Optionally, the proximal end 34 of the upper C-beam 31 may be provided with a reinforcement (not illustrated), which may reinforce the travelling beam 30 at its location where the proximal end 34 applies its load onto the upper, inner surface of the travelling beam guide 26 (
The interpretation of container type codes requires knowledge and skill, and also requires the reach stacker driver to be attentive and focussed. When lowered onto the container 22d to the position illustrated in
The cross-sections of
The hydraulic control connection assembly 1007 is attached to the hydraulic cylinder 35 at a plurality of attachment positions 1011 distributed along the length of the hydraulic cylinder 35, such that the hydraulic hoses 1009 require no or very few attachment points directly onto the main beam 24 (
Thanks to the modular design of the hydraulic cylinder assembly 1001 with the hydraulic connection assembly 1007, the hydraulic cylinder assembly 1001 can be assembled before attaching it to the main frame 12 (
The longitudinal beam 330 penetrates through the inner side wall 2003 and into abutment with the outer side wall 2001, and is attached to both side walls 2001, 2003 by means of respective welds extending about the circumference of the longitudinal beam 330. An inner edge 2009 of the bottom wall 2005 extends inwards, beyond the inner side wall, to define an inwardly extending flange 2011. The flange 2011 has a width WF, in the longitudinal direction, which gradually increases towards the location where the longitudinal beam 330 interfaces the transversal beam 346, and is welded to the longitudinal beam 330 via a pair of supports 2017.
Each of the inner and outer side walls 2001, 2003 has a respective upper wall portion 2001a, 2003a which is inclined longitudinally inwards, so as to form an acute angle α with a plane defined by the four twist-locks 18 (
The present disclosure describes several different inventive concepts, each of which may be implemented independently of, or in combination with, the others. Each separate inventive concept described herein may also form the basis of a divisional application.
The concepts herein have mainly been described above with reference to a few embodiments. However, as is readily appreciated by a person skilled in the art, other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended patent claims.
For example, the present disclosure describes a spreader comprising only one single main beam. The teachings provided herein may be applied to other types of spreaders, such as spreaders of the type having a pair of parallel main beams spaced from each other, each main beam holding one single twist-lock at each end.
The first landing indicator 91 has been described as an electronic landing indicator, connected to an electronic control system, whereas the second landing indicator has been described as a purely mechanical arrangement, indicating by blocking/unblocking the motion of the male locking insert end portion 89. Clearly, either of the landing indicators could be of electronic type, of a mechanically blocking type, or both. Landing indicators need not involve any movable parts; instead, the presence of a lifting casting top surface can be detected by e.g. resistive, capacitive, or inductive sensors. In fact, an indication of whether the spreader is set in WTP mode, when lowered onto respective lifting castings having top openings separated according to the ISO standard, can even be performed well before landing, using e.g. a camera mounted to the spreader, and digital image processing determining the distance between the lifting casting top openings.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2016/050070 | 2/1/2016 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017/135851 | 8/10/2017 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3788680 | Brown | Jan 1974 | A |
| 3992050 | Backteman | Nov 1976 | A |
| 4462627 | Kudlicka | Jul 1984 | A |
| 4795203 | Karlsson | Jan 1989 | A |
| 5052734 | Hasegawa et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5630636 | Karlsson | May 1997 | A |
| 5769589 | Lubbers | Jun 1998 | A |
| 7665784 | Stinis | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7686363 | Karlsson | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 8480349 | Hiltscher | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8585108 | Karlsson | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8840159 | Karlsson | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 20030168289 | Faller | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20090015025 | Karlsson | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2 308 564 | Jul 1997 | GB |
| 2005112514 | Apr 2005 | JP |
| WO 02060614 | Aug 2002 | WO |
| WO 2011093768 | Aug 2011 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190077638 A1 | Mar 2019 | US |
