Patent Grant
9745673
The present invention relates to a “spunbond method for producing nonwoven fabrics with hygroscopic metastatic feature” belonging to technical field in fabrication of textile fabrics, particularly for one in combination of eco-friendly processes, which neither use any petrochemical product nor create high carbon emission. The nonwoven fabric produced by the present invention is a fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose in overlaid lamination, which is composed of a hydrophobic layer with good water repellence and a water absorbent layer with good water absorption.
Normally, nonwoven fabric is better than traditional fabric owing to better material properties and simpler fabrication process, which is finished at one go instead of minute and complicated processes, so that the manufacturing time and cost can be substantially reduced. Nonwoven fabrics are engineered flat, porous sheets that are made directly from molten separate fibers or plastic film with features such as light weight, air permeability, water absorbency, water repellency, resilience, stretch, softness, strength, flame retardancy, washability, cushioning, filtering, bacterial barrier, dust resistance and sterility, which are often combined to create fabrics suited for specific applications while achieving a good balance between product lifespan and cost. Nonwoven fabrics can mimic the appearance, texture and strength of a woven fabric and can be as bulky as the thickest padding by combination with other materials to provide vast product scope with diverse properties for being used in various walks of life such as agriculture, architecture, livelihood, traffic, apparel, home furnishings, health care, engineering, industrial and consumer goods. Especially, the nonwoven fabrics become mainstream material for making clothing and apparel due to intrinsic water absorbency and water repellency thereof. Currently, most marketing materials with water absorbency and water repellency for making clothing and apparel are combination of water absorbent layer and water repellent layer. Wherein, the water absorbent layer is mainly made of polyester fiber nonwoven, Rayon fiber nonwoven, natural cotton and natural linen while the water repellent layer is made of polyethylene fiber. The fabricating methods in the foregoing marketing materials with water absorbency and water repellency for making clothing and apparel are classified into two main categories that chemically laminated total-bonding method and mechanically stacked hem-sewing method. For chemically laminated total-bonding method, nonwovens are typically manufactured by laminating both of the water absorbent layer and water repellent layer together in web form, and then binding them with an adhesive or thermally by applying binder powder, paste, or polymer melt and melting the binder onto the web by heat. The drawback for the chemically laminated total-bonding method is that a layer of glue film is created between the water absorbent layer and water repellent layer so that the water absorbency and air permeability of the nonwoven fabrics are impaired. For mechanically stacked hem-sewing method, nonwovens are typically manufactured by stacking both of the water absorbent layer and water repellent layer together in web form, and then mechanically binding them by interlocking them with serrated stitches over the hem of the web. The drawback for the mechanically stacked hem-sewing method is that a mutual slip is created between the water absorbent layer and water repellent layer so that a breakage from the friction between the water absorbent layer and water repellent layer incurred by the slip is created due to weakening strength of the nonwoven fabrics. However, the wasted nonwoven fabric of chemical synthetic fiber after having been used incurs a malignant impact to the environment because they are indissoluble or biodegradable by natural environment. Moreover, for all aforesaid chemical raw materials from petrochemical material, acquiring cost will gradually increased in follow with gradual decrease in mining quantity of petrochemical material, which is not inexhaustible.
Therefore, how to use suitable natural fiber material with low manufacturing cost to produce nonwoven fabrics of hygroscopic metastatic feature with better air permeability, water absorbency and water repellency without foregoing drawbacks in the existing marketing materials for making clothing and apparel aforesaid, as well as how to originate innovative fabricating methods for producing foregoing expected nonwoven fabrics with reducing malignant impact to the environment becomes an urgent and critical issue.
Primarily, the object of the present invention is to provide a “spunbond method for producing nonwoven fabrics with hygroscopic metastatic feature” according to following processes that firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance, via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air is continuously blown through via an air gap for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, and draw the melt to form uniform fine natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments, then bond and lay these natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp, then dehydrate it so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder, next external compressed quenching air is continuously blown through for converting it into natural cellulose filaments, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes.
Secondly, the object of the present invention is to provide a “spunbond method for producing nonwoven fabrics with hygroscopic metastatic feature” to produce a composite nonwoven fabric of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose in overlaid lamination with hygroscopic metastatic feature. The filament composite nonwoven fabric of a water absorbent layer and a hydrophobic layer in form of overlaid lamination, wherein, the water absorbent layer is made of natural cellulose from pulp with high water absorptivity or water absorbency while the hydrophobic layer is made of melt from bio-polyamide 6,10 with high water repellency and low water content so that the water absorbent layer has hygroscopic metastatic capability to absorb the moisture in the hydrophobic layer to keep the surface thereof in dry condition. By increasing the contents of the bio-polyamide 6,10 spun, the effects of the water repellency and hygroscopic metastatic capability from the hydrophobic layer of the bio-polyamide 6,10 are enhanced. Thus, if water with moisture is contained the nonwoven fabric, the water in the hydrophobic layer thereof is immediately dispelled out the surface of the hydrophobic layer while the moisture contained therein is absorbed and kept by the high water absorptivity or water absorbency natural cellulose filaments of the water absorbent layer by capillarity so that not only the wet feeling on the surface of the hydrophobic layer is decreased but also the dry condition of the hydrophobic layer is maintained for the nonwoven fabric.
Thirdly, the object of the present invention is to provide a “spunbond method for producing nonwoven fabrics with hygroscopic metastatic feature” by using bio-polyamide 6,10 and pulp as raw materials, as well as using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) as dissolving solvent. The bio-polyamide 6,10 is produced from inedible agricultural products such as corncob, ricinus and so on, which are not only unfailing in supplying sources but also eco-friendly due to biodegradable nature. Moreover, the dissolving solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) used here is nontoxic so that it can be recycled with low consumption rate via filtration, decolor, and condensation under low pressure distillation after having been drained out in water rinse process with rate of recovery up to over 99.5%. Thereby, it also completely complies with the criteria of the environmental protection because it not only can reduce the manufacturing cost but also will not incur any harmful pollution to the environment.
Fourthly, the object of the present invention is to provide a “spunbond method for producing nonwoven fabrics with hygroscopic metastatic feature” in combination of primary spunbond method and subordinate meltblown method to produce a composite nonwoven fabric of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose in overlaid lamination with hygroscopic metastatic feature. Accordingly, the drawback of impaired water absorbency and air permeability for the nonwoven fabrics in the conventional chemical laminated total-bonding method that a layer of glue film is created between the water absorbent layer and water repellent layer is completely avoided.
Fifthly, the object of the present invention is to provide a “spunbond method for producing nonwoven fabrics with hygroscopic metastatic feature” in combination of primary spunbond method and subordinate melt spinning method to produce a composite nonwoven fabric of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose in overlaid lamination with hygroscopic metastatic feature. Accordingly, the drawback of a breakage from the friction between the water absorbent layer and water repellent layer incurred by mutual slip due to weakening strength of the nonwoven fabrics in the conventional mechanical hem-sewing method is completely avoided.
For further disclosing the fabricating process and effects of the present invention, following preferred exemplary embodiments in associated figures are detailed presented as below.
Wherein, the raw material pulp in step e can be categorized into four groups of soft wood pulp, hard wood pulp, cotton pulp, bamboo pulp, or any combination of two pulps selected from foregoing four groups so long as the content cellulose is over 65% and degree of polymerization (DP) is in range of 500-1500.
Moreover, the dissolving solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) in foregoing step f is nontoxic with concentration in range of 45-75% so that it can be recycled with low consumption rate via filtration, decolor, and condensation under low pressure distillation after having been drained out in water rinse process with rate of recovery up to over 99.5% (as shown in
Besides, the ranges for the content of cellulose, viscosity and melting index of the dope D in foregoing step f are 6-15 wt %, 300-3000 (poise) and 200-1000 respectively.
In order to prove the features and practical effects for the first embodiment category of the present invention, several exemplary embodiments and comparative experiments covering key parameters have been performed, which are detailed described below with genuine testing data.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through via an air gap in distance of 10 cm for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, and draw the melt to form uniform fine natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min, then bond and lay these natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 44.9 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-1 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 250 c.c./min, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through via an air gap in distance of 10 cm for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, then draw the melt to form uniform fine natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min, then bond and lay these natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 42.3 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-1 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 225 c.c./min, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through via an air gap in distance of 10 cm for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, and draw the melt to form uniform fine natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min, then bond and lay these natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 40.2 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-1 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through via an air gap in distance of 10 cm for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, and draw the melt to form uniform fine natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min, then bond and lay these natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 750 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight 39.9 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-1 as shown.
For purpose of comparison with foregoing exemplary embodiments, traditional polypropylene (PP), pure cellulose and composite of polypropylene (PP) with cellulose as well as composite of polyester with cellulose are used as raw materials to produce nonwoven in comparative experiments as below.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of polypropylene (PP) raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 230 degree centigrade (230° C.), via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 600 c.c./min, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through via an air gap in distance of 10 cm for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, then draw and bond the melt to form uniform polypropylene (PP) filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become polypropylene (PP) filaments; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the polypropylene (PP) filaments by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric with basis weight 40.7 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-2 as shown.
Firstly, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 600 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, then draw and bond the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform natural cellulose filaments; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the natural cellulose filaments by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric with basis weight 41.3 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-2 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of polypropylene (PP) raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 230 degree centigrade (230° C.), via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through via an air gap in distance of 10 cm for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, then draw the melt to form uniform polypropylene (PP) filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min, then bond and lay these polypropylene (PP) filaments on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of polypropylene (PP) filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the polypropylene (PP) and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight 39.3 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-2 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of polyester (PET) raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 290 degree centigrade (290° C.), via spunbond method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next the melt is forcedly spun out of spin nozzles, and external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through via an air gap in distance of 10 cm for cooling and preliminarily drawing the melt, then draw the melt to form uniform polyester (PET) filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min, then bond and lay these polyester (PET) filaments on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of polyester (PET) filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the polyester (PET) and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight 39.7 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-2 as shown.
In order to practically compare detailed properties of foregoing nonwoven fabrics produced by exemplary embodiments and comparative experiments, the tests of the strength in Mechanical Direction (MD), strength in Cross Direction (CD), rate of water absorptivity (%) and bending resistance of flexibility (mm) as well as the contact angle of fiber surface (degree), back infiltration of fiber surface (g) and time of water absorption (second) of the hygroscopic metastatic capability are respectively performed as below.
Tests of the strength in Mechanical Direction (MD) and Cross Direction (CD):
By criteria of CNS 5610 (Standard Number 5610 of Chinese National Standard), the strength tests for nonwoven samples are performed with following procedure.
1. Specimen Preparation:
Respectively obtain 10 pieces of specimens for each cross direction (CD) and mechanical direction or machine direction (MD) with specimen length being over 180 mm and specimen width being 2.54 mm.
2. Testing Procedure:
By using universal strength testing machine with pitch for the specimen holding jaws of testing fixture being set 76 mm under crosshead speed for extension test being set 300 mm/min, respectively perform test for each of 10 specimens.
3. Testing Results:
Respective nonwoven strengths in Mechanical Direction (MD) and Cross Direction (CD) for samples in exemplary embodiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-3 while respective nonwoven strengths in Mechanical Direction (MD) and Cross Direction (CD) for samples in comparative experiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-4.
Test in the rate of water absorptivity (%):
By criteria of CNS 5612 (Standard Number 5612 of Chinese National Standard), the tests in the rate of water absorptivity (%) for nonwoven samples are performed with following procedure.
1. Specimen Preparation:
Respectively obtain 5 longitudinal pieces of specimens with specimen width being 76 mm, specimen weight being 5.0±0.1 g and specimen length being determined in accordance with the specimen weight.
2. Testing procedure:
Firstly, put each specimen in a holding basket, and then dunk the holding basket with specimens in water in totally immersion manner for 10 seconds; secondly, lift the holding basket with specimens out of the water to drip water for 10 seconds; and finally, put the holding basket with specimens into a measuring glass of known weight to measure overall gross weight with 0.1 g precision.
3. Testing Results:
The rate of water absorptivity for specimen is calculated by following formula:
Rate of water absorptivity (%):RAW (%)={[WA(g)−WD(g)]/WD(g)}×100
Respective nonwoven rates of water absorptivity for samples in exemplary embodiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-3 while respective nonwoven rates of water absorptivity for samples in comparative experiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-4.
Test in the bending resistance of flexibility (mm):
By criteria of the “Cantilever Test” in CNS 12915 (Standard Number 12915 of Chinese National Standard), the tests in the bending resistance of flexibility (mm) for nonwoven samples are performed with following way. Normally, the stiffness of the fabric is determined by the hand-feeling and draping feature while the bending resistance of flexibility is measured by a flexometer with testing value denoting in mm unit. The bending resistance of the fabric is inclined to stiff if testing value is large while the bending resistance of the fabric is inclined to flexible if testing value is small. Respective nonwoven bending resistance of flexibility for samples in exemplary embodiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-3 while respective nonwoven bending resistance of flexibility for samples in comparative experiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-4.
For test of the hygroscopic metastatic capability, it basically includes three aspects of the contact angle of fiber surface (degree), back infiltration of fiber surface (g) and time of water absorption (second). Here, the bio-polyamide 6,10 is adopted as testing sample of the exemplary embodiments 1-4 for performing the tests in the contact angle of fiber surface (degree), back infiltration of fiber surface (g) and time of water absorption (second).
Test in the contact angle of fiber surface (degree):
The contact angle is the angle, conventionally measured through the liquid, where a liquid/vapor interface meets a solid surface. The contact angle is the angle at which the liquid-vapor interface meets the solid-liquid interface. The contact angle quantifies the wettability of a solid surface by a liquid via the Young equation. Wetting is the ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface, resulting from intermolecular interactions when the two are brought together. The contact angle is determined by the result between adhesive forces and cohesive forces. The degree of wetting (wettability) is determined by a force balance between adhesive forces and cohesive forces. Adhesive forces between a liquid and solid cause a liquid drop to spread across the surface. Cohesive forces within the liquid cause the drop to ball up and avoid contact with the surface. As the tendency of a drop to spread out over a flat solid surface increases, the contact angle decreases. Thus, the contact angle provides an inverse measure of wettability. If a contact angle less than 90° (low contact angle) usually indicates that wetting of the surface is very favorable, and the fluid will spread over a large area of the surface. If a contact angle greater than 90° (high contact angle) generally means that wetting of the surface is unfavorable, so the fluid will minimize contact with the surface and form a compact liquid droplet. For water, a wettable surface may also be termed hydrophilic and a non-wettable surface hydrophobic. Super-hydrophobic surface has contact angle greater than 150°, showing almost no contact between the liquid drop and the surface. Respective nonwoven contact angle of the hydrophobic layer 101 fiber surface of in the overlaid lamination filament composite of nonwoven fabric 100 for testing samples of the bio-polyamide 6,10 in exemplary embodiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-3 while respective nonwoven contact angle of the hydrophobic layer 101 fiber surface of in the overlaid lamination filament composite of nonwoven fabric 100 for testing samples of the bio-polyamide 6,10 in comparative experiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-4.
Test in the back infiltration of fiber surface (g):
The test in the back infiltration of fiber surface is performed as below.
Firstly, let the testing sample fully absorb water; next, put the dry filter paper over the testing sample in absorbed water; and finally, measure quantity value of absorbed water by the dry filter paper, and denote it in gram unit; The back infiltration of fiber surface means low rate of water absorptivity inclined to hydrophobic feature if testing quantity value of absorbed water is large while the back infiltration of fiber surface means high rate of water absorptivity inclined to hydrophilic feature if testing quantity value of absorbed water is small. Respective nonwoven back infiltration of the hydrophobic layer 101 fiber surface of in the overlaid lamination filament composite of nonwoven fabric 100 for testing samples of the bio-polyamide 6,10 in exemplary embodiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-3 while respective nonwoven back infiltration of the hydrophobic layer 101 fiber surface of in the overlaid lamination filament composite of nonwoven fabric 100 for testing samples of the bio-polyamide 6,10 in comparative experiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-4.
Test in the time of water absorption (second):
In order to have better contacting feeling of refreshed dry comfort, nonwoven fabric is required to possess rapidity quality in water removal capability instead of keeping wet adhesive on the skin in wearing. Accordingly, by test the liquid moisture management properties of nonwoven fabric, the rapidity quality in water removal capability is indirectly obtained. The tests in the time of water absorption (second) for nonwoven samples are performed with following way by criteria of the “liquid moisture management properties of textile fabrics” in AATCC 195-2011 (Standard Number 195-2011 in American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists). Firstly, horizontally sandwich the testing sample between parallel electrically current sensors of upper plate and lower plate, each of which is composed of seven metal probe-pairs corresponding to each other respectively; next, drip water on the upper surface of the testing sample to let the water horizontally spread over the upper surface thereof and let the water vertically permeate into up to lower surface of the testing sample, wherein the upper surface thereof is supposed to contact human skin during wearing (called conduction layer) while the lower surface thereof is supposed to face outwardly during wearing (called absorbent layer), meanwhile respective resistance of each metal probe-pair in the parallel electrically current sensors will vary during this process; and finally, by calculating and converting respective resistance of each metal probe-pair in the parallel electrically current sensors, the capability of moisture absorptivity can be indirectly obtained by evaluating the time of water absorption of fiber surface. The testing result for time of water absorption of fiber surface means good rapidity quality in water removal capability inclined to have better capability of moisture absorptivity if testing value (second) is small while testing result for time of water absorption of fiber surface means bad rapidity quality in water removal capability inclined to have worse capability of moisture absorptivity if testing value (second) is large. Respective nonwoven time of water absorption of the hydrophobic layer 101 fiber surface of in the overlaid lamination filament composite of nonwoven fabric 100 for testing samples of the bio-polyamide 6,10 in exemplary embodiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-3 while respective nonwoven time of water absorption of the hydrophobic layer 101 fiber surface of in the overlaid lamination filament composite of nonwoven fabric 100 for testing samples of the bio-polyamide 6,10 in comparative experiments 1-4 are listed in following TABLE-4.
Following inferences for the nonwoven fabrics with hygroscopic metastatic feature produced by exemplary embodiments 1-4 in the first embodiment category in spunbond method of the present invention can be summarized via comparison of individual values for each pair of corresponding item in respective “Trait Table of Nonwoven Fabrics” of Table-3 for exemplary embodiments 1-4 and corresponding Table-4 for comparative experiments 1-4.
Comparison for the Strength in Mechanical Direction (MD) and Cross Direction (CD):
In Table-3 for exemplary embodiments 1-4, the average strength in Mechanical Direction (MD) is about 13.00 Kgf, and the average strength in Cross Direction (CD) is about 6.10 Kgf.
In Table-4 for comparative experiments 1-4, the average strength in Mechanical Direction (MD) is about 12.70 Kgf, and the average strength in Cross Direction (CD) is about 5.70 Kgf.
Therefore, the strengths of the nonwoven fabrics in the exemplary embodiments 1-4 of the present invention are better than those of the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
Comparison for the bending resistance of flexibility (BRF):
In Table-3 for exemplary embodiments 1-4, the average bending resistance of flexibility (BRF) is about 35 cm.
In Table-4 for comparative experiments 1-4, the average bending resistance of flexibility (BRF) is about 55 cm.
Therefore, the bending resistances of flexibility (BRF) for the nonwoven fabrics in the exemplary embodiments 1-4 of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
Comparison for the rate of water absorptivity (RWA):
In Table-3 for exemplary embodiments 1-4, the average rate of water absorptivity (RWA) is about 220%.
In Table-4 for comparative experiments 1-4, the average rate of water absorptivity (RWA) is about 200%.
Therefore, the rates of water absorptivity (RWA) for the nonwoven fabrics in the exemplary embodiments 1-4 of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
As previously mentioned, the comparison for the hygroscopic metastatic feature includes three aspects:
Each comparison of foregoing three aspects is illustrated as below.
⊚ Comparison for the Contact Angle of Fiber Surface (CAFS):
In Table-3 for exemplary embodiments 1-4, the average contact angle of fiber surface (CAFS) is about 126 degree.
In Table-4 for comparative experiments 1-4, the average contact angle of fiber surface (CAFS) is about 82 degree.
Therefore, the contact angles of fiber surface (CAFS) for the nonwoven fabrics in the exemplary embodiments 1-4 of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
⊚ Comparison for the Back Infiltration of Fiber Surface (BIFS):
In Table-3 for exemplary embodiments 1-4, the average back infiltration of fiber surface (BIFS) is about 0.4 gram.
In Table-4 for comparative experiments 1-4, the average back infiltration of fiber surface (BIFS) is about 3.0 gram.
Therefore, the back infiltrations of fiber surface (BIFS) for the nonwoven fabrics in the exemplary embodiments 1-4 of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
⊚ Comparison for the Time of Water Absorption (TWA):
In Table-3 for exemplary embodiments 1-4, the average time of water absorption (TWA) is about 26 second.
In Table-4 for comparative experiments 1-4, the average time of water absorption (TWA) is about 38 second.
Therefore, the times of water absorption (TWA) for the nonwoven fabrics in the exemplary embodiments 1-4 of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
With three aspect comparisons illustrated above, it is apparent that for the hygroscopic metastatic feature for the nonwoven fabrics in the exemplary embodiments 1-4 of the present invention is better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
In conclusion of overall comparisons illustrated above, not only the hygroscopic metastatic feature for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 1-4 in the first embodiment category of the present invention is better than that for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4, but also the strengths, bending resistance of flexibility (BRF) and rate of water absorptivity (RWA) for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 1-4 in the first embodiment category of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4.
Accordingly, the nonwoven fabrics produced by the spunbond method of the present invention indeed have superiority of hygroscopic metastatic feature over conventional nonwoven fabrics. Particularly, the innovative filament composite nonwoven fabric 100 of a water absorbent layer or hydrophillic layer 102 and a hydrophobic layer 101 in form of overlaid lamination, wherein, the water absorbent layer 102 is made of natural cellulose from pulp with high water absorptivity or water absorbency while the hydrophobic layer 101 is made of melt from bio-polyamide 6,10 with high water repellency and low water content so that the water absorbent layer 102 has hygroscopic metastatic capability to absorb the moisture in the hydrophobic layer 101 to keep the surface thereof in dry condition. By increasing the contents of the bio-polyamide 6,10 spun, the effects of the water repellency and hygroscopic metastatic capability from the hydrophobic layer 101 of the bio-polyamide 6,10 are enhanced. Thus, if water with moisture is contained the nonwoven fabric 100, the water in the hydrophobic layer 101 thereof is immediately dispelled out the surface of the hydrophobic layer 101 while the moisture contained therein is absorbed and kept by the high water absorptivity or water absorbency natural cellulose filaments of the water absorbent layer 102 by capillarity so that not only the wet feeling on the surface of the hydrophobic layer 101 is decreased but also the dry condition of the hydrophobic layer 101 is maintained for the nonwoven fabric 100.
Wherein, the raw material pulp in step e can be categorized into four groups of soft wood pulp, hard wood pulp, cotton pulp, bamboo pulp, or any combination of two pulps selected from foregoing four groups so long as the content cellulose is over 65% and degree of polymerization (DP) is in range of 500-1500.
Moreover, the concentration of the dissolving solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) in foregoing step f is in range of 45-75% while the ranges for the content of cellulose, viscosity and melting index of the dope D in foregoing step f are 6-15 wt %, 300-3000 (poise) and 200-1000 respectively.
In order to further prove the features and practical effects for the second embodiment category of the present invention, four exemplary embodiments 5-8 covering key parameters have been performed, which are detailed described below with genuine testing data.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), then extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, and affect the melt by continuously injecting high velocity hot air with airflow pressure and speed thereof are 0.5 Mpa and 25 m/s respectively, then forcedly blow the melt out spinnerets to form uniform natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments, which are laid onto a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 45.2 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-5 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), then extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 250 c.c./min, and affect the melt by continuously injecting high velocity hot air with airflow pressure and speed thereof are 0.5 Mpa and 25 m/s respectively, then forcedly blow the melt out spinnerets to form uniform natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments, which are laid onto a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 42.2 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-5 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), then extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 225 c.c./min, and affect the melt by continuously injecting high velocity hot air with airflow pressure and speed thereof are 0.5 Mpa and 25 m/s respectively, then forcedly blow the melt out spinnerets to form uniform natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments, which are laid onto a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 40.1 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-5 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), then extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, and affect the melt by continuously injecting high velocity hot air with airflow pressure and speed thereof are 0.5 Mpa and 25 m/s respectively, then forcedly blow the melt out spinnerets to form uniform natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments, which are laid onto a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 750 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 39.8 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-5 as shown.
In order to practically compare detailed properties of foregoing nonwoven fabrics produced by exemplary embodiments 5-8 in the second embodiment category and previous comparative experiments, the tests of the strength in Mechanical Direction (MD), strength in Cross Direction (CD), rate of water absorptivity (%) and bending resistance of flexibility (mm) as well as the contact angle of fiber surface (degree), back infiltration of fiber surface (g) and time of water absorption (second) of the hygroscopic metastatic capability are respectively performed so that all foregoing parameters for samples in exemplary embodiments 5-8 are listed in following TABLE-6 while all respective corresponding parameters for samples in comparative experiments 1-4 listed in previous TABLE-4 available are still applicable for comparison here.
As overall parameter comparisons with all corresponding parameters in previous TABLE-4 of the comparative experiments 1-4 previously illustrated for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 1-4 in the first embodiment category of the present invention, the same conclusion for overall parameter comparisons with all corresponding parameters in previous TABLE-4 of the comparative experiments 1-4 for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 5-8 in the second embodiment category of the present invention can be obtained by the same token that not only the hygroscopic metastatic feature for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 5-8 in the second embodiment category of the present invention is better than that for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4, but also the strengths, bending resistance of flexibility (BRF) and rate of water absorptivity (RWA) for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 5-8 in the second embodiment category of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4. Accordingly, the nonwoven fabrics produced by the spunbond method of the present invention indeed have superiority of hygroscopic metastatic feature over conventional nonwoven fabrics. Particularly, the innovative filament composite nonwoven fabric 100 of a water absorbent layer or hydrophillic layer 102 and a hydrophobic layer 101 in form of overlaid lamination, wherein, the water absorbent layer 102 is made of natural cellulose from pulp with high water absorptivity or water absorbency while the water hydrophobic layer 101 is made of melt from bio-polyamide 6,10 with high water repellency and low water content so that the water absorbent layer 102 has hygroscopic metastatic capability to absorb the moisture in the hydrophobic layer 101 to keep the surface thereof in dry condition. By increasing the contents of the bio-polyamide 6,10 spun, the effects of the water repellency and hygroscopic metastatic capability from the hydrophobic layer 101 of the bio-polyamide 6,10 are enhanced. Thus, if water with moisture is contained the nonwoven fabric 100, the water in the hydrophobic layer 101 thereof is immediately dispelled out the surface of the hydrophobic layer 101 while the moisture contained therein is absorbed and kept by the high water absorptivity or water absorbency natural cellulose filaments of the water absorbent layer 102 by capillarity so that not only the wet feeling on the surface of the hydrophobic layer 101 is decreased but also the dry condition of the hydrophobic layer 101 is maintained for the nonwoven fabric 100.
Wherein, the raw material pulp in step f can be categorized into four groups of soft wood pulp, hard wood pulp, cotton pulp, bamboo pulp, or any combination of two pulps selected from foregoing four groups so long as the content cellulose is over 65% and degree of polymerization (DP) is in range of 500-1500.
Moreover, the fiber size for the fiber of bio-polyamide 6,10 in step d is 1-15 um, and the concentration of the dissolving solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) in foregoing step g is in range of 45-75% while the ranges for the content of cellulose, viscosity and melting index of the dope D are 6-15 wt %, 300-3000 (poise) and 200-1000 respectively.
In order to further prove the features and practical effects for the third embodiment category of the present invention, four exemplary embodiments 9-12 covering key parameters have been performed, which are detailed described below with genuine testing data.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via melt spinning method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, and the melt is forcedly spun out of spin heads into filaments, then external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and drawing the filaments into fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 by collecting means, and extend and cut the filaments in the fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 into staples, then card and spread the staples of bio-polyamide 6,10 on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web of bio-polyamide 6,10; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 44.8 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-7 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via melt spinning method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 250 c.c./min, and the melt is forcedly spun out of spin heads into filaments, then external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and drawing the filaments into fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 by collecting means, and extend and cut the filaments in the fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 into staples, then card and spread the staples of bio-polyamide 6,10 on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web of bio-polyamide 6,10; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 42.1 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-7 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via melt spinning method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 25 c.c./min, and the melt is forcedly spun out of spin heads into filaments, then external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and drawing the filaments into fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 by collecting means, and extend and cut the filaments in the fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 into staples, then card and spread the staples of bio-polyamide 6,10 on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web of bio-polyamide 6,10; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 500 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 375 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 40.8 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-7 as shown.
Firstly, fuse prepared macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material into a melt of molten substance under high temperature at 280 degree centigrade (280° C.), via melt spinning method, extrude the melt out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, and the melt is forcedly spun out of spin heads into filaments, then external compressed quenching air of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and drawing the filaments into fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 by collecting means, and extend and cut the filaments in the fibrous tow of bio-polyamide 6,10 into staples, then card and spread the staples of bio-polyamide 6,10 on a conveyer to form a substrate fibrous web of bio-polyamide 6,10; next, blend and dissolve prepared pulp in degree of polymerization 750 by putting N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) dissolving solvent into prepared pulp under temperature at 60 degrees centigrade (60° C.), then dehydrate it via heating up to temperature at 120 degrees centigrade (120° C.) by vacuum film evaporator for 5 minutes to decrease water content thereof down to 5-13% so that a homogenized mucilaginous dope is formed, then extrude the dope out by an extruder with extruding quantity thereof is 300 c.c./min, next external compressed quenching air in temperature of 20 degrees centigrade (20° C.) is continuously blown through for cooling and preliminarily drawing the dope for converting it into natural cellulose filaments by means of air gap in distance of 10 cm, and draw the natural cellulose filaments by an airflow draw jet device with drawing velocity of 1,500 m/min to become uniform fine natural cellulose filaments, then bond and overlay these fine natural cellulose filaments on existing substrate fibrous web of natural bio-polyamide 6,10 filaments on the conveyer previously to form an overlaid fibrous web; and finally, coagulate and regenerate the fibrous composite of the bio-polyamide 6,10 and natural cellulose by means of ejecting mist aerosol of water, and convert it into nonwoven fabric of continuous filament with hygroscopic metastatic feature with basis weight of 39.8 g/m2 by orderly applying post treatments of hydro-entangled needle punching, drying, winding-up processes. Besides, all related processing parameters aforesaid are summed up and tabulated into following Table-7 as shown.
In order to practically compare detailed properties of foregoing nonwoven fabrics produced by exemplary embodiments 9-12 in the third embodiment category and previous comparative experiments, the tests of the strength in Mechanical Direction (MD), strength in Cross Direction (CD), rate of water absorptivity (%) and bending resistance of flexibility (mm) as well as the contact angle of fiber surface (degree), back infiltration of fiber surface (g) and time of water absorption (second) of the hygroscopic metastatic capability are respectively performed so that all foregoing parameters for samples in exemplary embodiments 9-12 are listed in following TABLE-8 while all respective corresponding parameters for samples in comparative experiments 1-4 listed in previous TABLE-4 available are still applicable for comparison here.
As overall parameter comparisons with all corresponding parameters in previous TABLE-4 of the comparative experiments 1-4 previously illustrated for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 1-4 in the first embodiment category of the present invention, the same conclusion for overall parameter comparisons with all corresponding parameters in previous TABLE-4 of the comparative experiments 1-4 for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 9-12 in the third embodiment category of the present invention can be obtained by the same token that not only the hygroscopic metastatic feature for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 9-12 in the third embodiment category of the present invention is better than that for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4, but also the strengths, bending resistance of flexibility (BRF) and rate of water absorptivity (RWA) for the nonwoven fabrics produced by the exemplary embodiments 9-12 in the third embodiment category of the present invention are better than those for the nonwoven fabrics in the comparative experiments 1-4. Accordingly, the nonwoven fabrics produced by the spunbond method of the present invention indeed have superiority of hygroscopic metastatic feature over conventional nonwoven fabrics. Particularly, the innovative filament composite nonwoven fabric 100 of a water absorbent layer or hydrophillic layer 102 and a hydrophobic layer 101 in form of overlaid lamination, wherein, the water absorbent layer 102 is made of natural cellulose from pulp with high water absorptivity or water absorbency while the water hydrophobic layer 101 is made of melt from bio-polyamide 6,10 with high water repellency and low water content so that the water absorbent layer 102 has hygroscopic metastatic capability to absorb the moisture in the hydrophobic layer 101 to keep the surface thereof in dry condition. By increasing the contents of the bio-polyamide 6,10 spun, the effects of the water repellency and hygroscopic metastatic capability from the hydrophobic layer 101 of the bio-polyamide 6,10 are enhanced. Thus, if water with moisture is contained the nonwoven fabric 100, the water in the hydrophobic layer 101 thereof is immediately dispelled out the surface of the hydrophobic layer 101 while the moisture contained therein is absorbed and kept by the high water absorptivity or water absorbency natural cellulose filaments of the water absorbent layer 102 by capillarity so that not only the wet feeling on the surface of the hydrophobic layer 101 is decreased but also the dry condition of the hydrophobic layer 101 is maintained for the nonwoven fabric 100.
Moreover, the macromolecule polymer of bio-polyamide 6,10 raw material used in foregoing first, second and third embodiment categories of the present invention, can be replaced by macromolecule polymer of Nylon 6 raw material, macromolecule polymer of Nylon 6, 6 raw material, macromolecule polymer of polyester raw material, macromolecule polymer of PE raw material, macromolecule polymer of PP raw material, or macromolecule polymer of polylactic acid raw material. Besides, the nonwoven fabric produced in foregoing first, second and third embodiment categories of the present invention, other than the intrinsic hygroscopic metastatic feature inclusively, can achieve beneficial effect in reducing total consumptive quantity of macromolecule polymer of Nylon 6 raw material, macromolecule polymer of Nylon 6, 6 raw material, macromolecule polymer of polyester raw material, macromolecule polymer of PE raw material, macromolecule polymer of PP raw material, or macromolecule polymer of polylactic acid raw material because it originally use natural pulp as raw material. Therefore, the present invention not only decreases the traditional dependence on the source of raw material from petrochemical industry but also reduces the malignant impact to the environmental protection.
In conclusion all disclosures heretofore, the nonwoven fabrics produced of the present invention with innovative filament composite overlaid lamination of a hydrophillic layer and a hydrophobic layer not only have the intrinsic hygroscopic metastatic feature inclusively due to high water absorbency in the water absorbent layer of natural pulp and high water repellency in the water hydrophobic layer of bio-polyamide 6,10 but also can reduces the malignant impact to the environmental protection due to decreasing traditional dependence on the source of raw material from petrochemical industry, in addition to adequately recycled nontoxic dissolving solvent of N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), which meet basic criterion of patentability. Accordingly, we submit the application for the patent of the present invention for your perusal in accordance with related patent laws.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 103141029 A | Nov 2014 | TW | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8127575 | Burrow et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 9573308 | Chou | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160145780 A1 | May 2016 | US |
