Patent Application
20180369737
This disclosure relates to a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, for use as a pleated filter or as a pleated filter base material to be laminated with a filter material such as a PTFE membrane or a nanofiber, and a method of producing the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter.
Conventionally, in work environments generating dust, dust collectors have been used for the purpose of removal and collection of the dust. The filters for the dust collectors are known to be used in pleated shapes. Because of such pleated shapes of the filters, the dust collectors can have remarkably increased filtration areas, and can therefore achieve reduction of the pressure drop and a high collection efficiency. For the filters of the dust collectors, so-called backwashing is commonly employed, wherein compressed air or the like is injected from the inside when the pressure drop reached a certain level, thereby brushing off the dust attached to the surface of the filter material.
Thus, the non-woven fabric to be used as the pleated filter needs to have the following important properties: high rigidity to allow pleating, air permeability to reduce the pressure drop, and compactness to increase the brush-off performance by allowing filtration of dust through the surface layer. In view of this, a variety of woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics have so far been proposed.
More specifically, use of a long-fiber non-woven fabric prepared by thermal bonding using an embossing roll as a pleated filter has been proposed (see JP 3534043 B). However, if thermal bonding is carried out using an embossing roll as proposed above, the thermally bonded portion becomes film-like, leading to elimination of air permeability so that the pressure drop increases. Moreover, regarding the dust brush-off performance, accumulation of dust easily occurs in the thermally bonded portion having no air permeability, leading to a short product life, which is problematic.
The so-called air-through method, wherein hot air is passed through a non-woven fabric to allow thermal bonding (see JP H7-157960 A), has been proposed as a thermal bonding method different from the use of an embossing roll. When the air-through method proposed above is used, there is no problem of deterioration of air permeability since a thermally bonded portion is absent unlike when an embossing roll is used. However, the production method easily allows entrance of dust into the inside due to poor compactness so that brushing off of the dust is impossible by backwashing, leading to a short product life, which is problematic.
In another proposed method, the air-through is carried out followed by thermal bonding using a calender roll (see Examples in JP 2009-6318 A). However, in the Examples of that proposal, the heat treatment is carried out with hot air at a temperature much higher than the melting point of the fibers constituting the non-woven fabric. Therefore, the whole fibers melt to become a film-like sheet, which has poor air permeability and is therefore not preferred as a pleated filter.
Accordingly, it could be helpful to provide a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter having high rigidity and air permeability as well as excellent dust brush-off performance, as well as to provide a method of efficiently and stably producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter having the above performance.
We thus provide:
Our spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter including a composite polyester fiber containing a low melting point polyester arranged in the vicinity of a high melting point polyester, the low melting point polyester having a melting point which is 10 to 140° C. lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester, the composite polyester fiber having a single fiber fineness of not less than 1.5 dtex and less than 5.0 dtex, the spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 150 to 300 g/m2, an apparent density of 0.25 to 0.40 g/cm3, an air permeability per basis weight of 0.05 to 0.45 (cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2), and a bending resistance per basis weight, in at least one of the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD), of 0.09 to 0.32 (mN)/(g/m2).
In a preferred mode of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, the composite polyester fiber has a composite form of a core-sheath type containing the high melting point polyester as a core component and the low melting point polyester as a sheath component, wherein the core-sheath component mass ratio between the core component and the sheath component is 90:10 to 60:40.
According to a preferred mode of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, the tensile strength in the machine direction (MD) per basis weight is not less than 3.2 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2).
According to a preferred mode of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, no partially observed concave region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm is formed on at least one side of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter.
According to a preferred mode of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, the high melting point polyester is a polyethylene terephthalate, and the low melting point polyester is a copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate.
The method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is a method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, comprising sequentially carrying out the following steps (a) to (d):
(a) a step of spinning, from a spinneret, a composite polyester fiber containing a low melting point polyester arranged in the vicinity of a high melting point polyester, the low melting point polyester having a melting point which is 10 to 140° C. lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester;
(b) a step of subjecting the spun composite polyester fiber to stretch by suction flow with high-speed suction gas, and then capturing the fiber on a moving net conveyor, to obtain a fiber web containing a composite polyester fiber having a single fiber fineness of not less than 1.5 dtex and less than 5.0 dtex;
(c) passing hot air through the obtained fiber web, the hot air having a temperature higher than the melting point of the low melting point polyester and lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester, to perform air-through thermal bonding; and
(d) a step of sandwiching the air-through-thermal-bonded fiber web between a pair of flat rolls or two belt conveyors, and performing heat treatment at a temperature which is 5 to 65° C. lower than the melting point of the low melting point polyester, to obtain a spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 150 to 300 g/m2.
In a preferred mode of the method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, the composite polyester fiber has a composite form of a core-sheath type containing the high melting point polyester as a core component and the low melting point polyester as a sheath component, wherein the core-sheath component mass ratio between the core component and the sheath component is 90:10 to 60:40.
According to a preferred mode of the method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, the high melting point polyester is a polyethylene terephthalate, and the low melting point polyester is a copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate.
A spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter having high rigidity and air permeability as well as excellent dust brush-off performance can be obtained. Accordingly, the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter can be suitably used as a pleated filter or as a pleated filter base material to be laminated with a filter material such as a PTFE membrane or a nanofiber.
By the method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter having the above performance can be efficiently and stably produced.
The FIGURE is a schematic side view for illustrating a device for evaluation of the dust brush-off performance.
The spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is described below in detail.
The spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter including a composite polyester fiber containing a low melting point polyester arranged in the vicinity of a high melting point polyester, the low melting point polyester having a melting point 10 to 140° C. lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester, the composite polyester fiber having a single fiber fineness of not less than 1.5 dtex and less than 5.0 dtex, the spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 150 to 300 g/m2, an apparent density of 0.25 to 0.40 g/cm3, an air permeability per basis weight of 0.05 to 0.45 (cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2), and a bending resistance per basis weight, in at least one of the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD), of 0.09 to 0.32 (mN)/(g/m2).
As the material resin of the synthetic fiber constituting the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, a polyester is used. A polyester is a high molecular weight polymer containing as monomers an acid component and an alcohol component. Examples of the acid component that may be used include aromatic carboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and phthalic acid; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid and sebacic acid; and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Examples of the alcohol component that may be used include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.
Examples of the polyester include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate, polylactic acid, and polybutylene succinate. As the high melting point polyester, PET, which has a high melting point and excellent heat resistance as well as excellent rigidity, is most preferably used.
Examples of the combination of the high melting point polyester and the low melting point polyester (high melting point polyester/low melting point polyester) include the combinations of PET/PBT, PET/PTT, PET/polylactic acid, and PET/copolymerized PET. Among these, the combination of PET/copolymerized PET is preferably used since it has excellent spinnability. As the copolymerization component in the copolymerized PET, isophthalic acid-copolymerized PET is preferably used since it has especially excellent spinnability.
As long as the desired effect is not deteriorated, a nucleating agent, matting agent, pigment, fungicide, antibacterial agent, flame retardant, hydrophilic agent, and/or the like may be added to the polyester materials. In particular, metal oxides such as titanium oxide effectively improve the spinning efficiency by reduction of the surface friction of fibers to prevent fusion of the fibers, and improve adhesiveness of a non-woven fabric since they increase thermal conductivity in heat press molding of the non-woven fabric using a heat roller. Aliphatic bisamides such as ethylene-bis-stearic acid amide, and/or alkyl-substituted aliphatic monoamides effectively increase the mold-releasing property between the heat roller and the non-woven fabric web to improve the conveying performance.
The polyester fiber constituting the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is a composite polyester fiber containing a low melting point polyester arranged in the vicinity of a high melting point polyester, the low melting point polyester having a melting point 10 to 140° C. lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester. By the arrangement, in the vicinity of the high melting point polyester, of the low melting point polyester having a melting point 10 to 140° C. lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester, the composite polyester fibers (filaments) constituting the spunbond non-woven fabric can be bonded to each other strongly in the process of forming the spunbond non-woven fabric by thermal bonding. Therefore, the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter can have excellent mechanical strength, and can be sufficiently resistant to repeated backwashing.
On the other hand, although there is also a method in which a high melting point polyester and a low melting point polyester are prepared into a mixed fiber, the mixed-fiber method does not easily allow uniform thermal bonding and, therefore, for example, thermal bonding is weak in portions where high melting point polyester fibers are densely present so that the mechanical strength and the rigidity become poor, which is not preferred as a pleated filter. Further, even when the same composite polyester fibers are used, if the spunbond non-woven fabric is composed of staple fibers rather than filaments (long fibers), the composite polyester fibers are constituted by discontinuous fibers so that the rigidity and the mechanical strength are poor, which is not preferred as a pleated filter. Although there is also a method in which an adhesive component, rather than a low melting point component, is applied by immersion, spraying or the like, the method does not easily allow uniform application to the surface layer or in the thickness direction so that the mechanical strength and the rigidity are poor, which is not preferred as a pleated filter.
When the difference in the melting point between the high melting point polyester and the low melting point polyester is not less than 10° C., a desired thermal adhesiveness can be obtained, and when the difference is not more than 140° C., a decrease in the heat resistance can be suppressed. The difference in the melting point between the high melting point polyester and the low melting point polyester is more preferably 20 to 120° C., still more preferably 30 to 100° C.
The melting point of the high melting point polyester is preferably 200 to 320° C. To obtain a filter having excellent heat resistance, the melting point of the high melting point polyester is preferably not less than 200° C., more preferably not less than 210° C., still more preferably not less than 220° C. On the other hand, for suppressing a decrease in the productivity due to consumption of a large amount of thermal energy for the melting in the production of the non-woven fabric, the melting point of the high melting point polyester is preferably not more than 320° C., more preferably not more than 300° C., still more preferably not more than 280° C.
The melting point of the low melting point polyester is preferably 160 to 250° C. To achieve excellent shape stability even after passing through a heating process in the production of the pleated filter such as heat setting in the pleating, the melting point of the low melting point polyester is preferably not less than 160° C., more preferably not less than 170° C., still more preferably not less than 180° C. On the other hand, to obtain a filter having excellent thermal adhesiveness during production of the non-woven fabric, and having excellent mechanical strength, the melting point of the low melting point polyester is preferably not more than 250° C., more preferably not more than 240° C.
The content ratio between the high melting point polyester and the low melting point polyester is preferably 90:10 to 60:40, more preferably 85:15 to 70:30 in terms of the mass ratio. When the high melting point polyester is contained at 60 to 90% by mass, excellent rigidity and heat resistance can be obtained. On the other hand, when the low melting point polyester is contained at 10 to 40% by mass, the composite polyester fibers (filaments) constituting the spunbond non-woven fabric can be bonded to each other strongly in the process of forming and using the spunbond non-woven fabric by thermal bonding so that the spunbond non-woven fabric can have excellent mechanical strength and sufficient resistance to repeated backwashing.
Examples of the composite form of the composite polyester fiber include the concentric core-sheath type, the eccentric core-sheath type, and the sea-island type. Examples of the cross-sectional shape of the filament (single fiber) include shapes such as circular cross sections, flat cross sections, polygonal cross sections, multi-lobed cross sections, and hollow cross sections. Among these, in a preferred mode, the composite form is of the concentric core-sheath type, and the cross-sectional shape of the filament (single fiber) is a circular cross-sectional shape, from the viewpoint of achieving uniform and strong adhesion between the filaments.
In the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, preferably, no partially observed concave region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm is formed on at least one side. More preferably, no partially observed concave region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm is formed on either side. Partially observed concave regions are formed when fibers are densely packed in the thickness direction by, for example, use of an embossing roll or partial heat press by ultrasonic bonding. The partially observed concave region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm means a region where, when the surface of the spunbond non-woven fabric is viewed from the perpendicular direction, and when the surface shape is measured along a straight line with a length of 3 to 10 mm, a concave portion having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm in the thickness direction continues for a length of not less than 0.20 mm in the surface direction, wherein the depth is measured using as a reference point (0-mm depth) the highest portion in the surface shape excluding a portion(s) where a single fiber(s) is/are protruding due to fluffing and/or the like.
This partially observed concave region can be measured, for example, by measuring the surface shape using a non-contact shape measuring device such as a shape analysis laser microscope or a 3D shape measuring instrument, or measuring the thickness of the cross section of the spunbond non-woven fabric using a scanning electron microscope. By the absence of such a partially observed concave region, the dust brush-off performance can be improved to increase the product life of the filter.
The spunbond non-woven fabric wherein no partially observed concave region is formed can be obtained by passing hot air having a temperature higher than the melting point of a low melting point polyester and lower than the melting point of a high melting point polyester through a fiber web composed of a composite polyester fiber containing the low melting point polyester arranged in the vicinity of the high melting point polyester, the low melting point polyester having a melting point 10 to 140° C. lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester, to allow air-through thermal bonding, and then sandwiching the fiber web between a pair of flat rolls or two belt conveyors, followed by performing heat treatment at a temperature 5 to 65° C. lower than the melting point of the low melting point polyester.
The single fiber fineness of the composite polyester fiber constituting the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is not less than 1.5 dtex and less than 5.0 dtex. When the single fiber fineness of the composite polyester fiber is less than 1.5 dtex, the air permeability of the spunbond non-woven fabric is low, which tends to result in a high pressure drop. This is also not preferred from the viewpoint of the production stability since, for example, yarn breakage is likely to occur during the production. When the single fiber fineness of the composite polyester fiber is not less than 5.0 dtex, uniformity of the spunbond non-woven fabric is low, which tends to result in a low capture performance. This is also not preferred from the viewpoint of the production stability since, for example, insufficient cooling of filaments is likely to cause yarn breakage during the production.
The single fiber fineness of the composite polyester fiber is more preferably 2.0 dtex to 4.0 dtex. When the single fiber fineness is not less than 2.0 dtex, the spunbond non-woven fabric can have better air permeability and lower pressure drop. When the single fiber fineness is not more than 4.0 dtex, the non-woven fabric can have a compact surface, and filtration of dust through the surface layer can be more easily carried out. This enables improvement of the dust collection performance and the dust brush-off performance so that the product life of the filter can be increased.
The single fiber fineness herein means a value calculated as follows. That is, 10 small sample pieces are randomly collected from a spunbond non-woven fabric, and their images are taken using a scanning electron microscope at magnification of ×500 to ×3000. Ten fibers from each sample, that is, a total of 100 fibers, are arbitrarily selected, and the thickness of each fiber is measured. Each fiber is regarded as having a circular cross section, and its thickness is defined as the fiber diameter. The average value is rounded to the nearest integer, and then the fineness is calculated based on the resulting fiber diameter and the polymer density, followed by rounding the calculated fineness to the nearest integer.
The basis weight of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is 150 to 300 g/m2. When the basis weight is not less than 150 g/m2, the rigidity required for the pleat can be obtained. When the basis weight is not more than 300 g/m2, an increase in the pressure drop can be suppressed, and the cost can be reduced, which is preferred. The basis weight is more preferably 150 to 260 g/m2, still more preferably 180 to 230 g/m2.
The basis weight herein can be calculated by collecting three samples each having a size of 50 cm×50 cm, measuring the mass of each sample, converting the average of the obtained values to a value per unit area, and then rounding the resulting value to the nearest integer.
The thickness of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is preferably 0.35 to 1.2 mm, more preferably 0.40 to 1.0 mm, still more preferably 0.45 to 0.8 mm. When the thickness is not less than 0.35 mm, the rigidity can be increased, and the non-woven fabric can be suitable for use as a filter. When the thickness is not more than 1.2 mm, the non-woven fabric can have excellent handling performance and processability as a filter.
The apparent density of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is 0.25 to 0.40 g/cm3. When the apparent density is 0.25 to 0.40 g/cm3, the spunbond non-woven fabric can have a compact structure so that dust is less likely to enter the inside, and an excellent dust brush-off performance can be achieved. The apparent density is more preferably 0.27 to 0.40 g/cm3, still more preferably 0.30 to 0.40 g/cm3. The apparent density herein is calculated according to the equation:
Apparent density (g/cm3)=basis weight (g/m2)/thickness (mm)/1000.
The air permeability per basis weight of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is 0.05 to 0.45 ((cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2)). When the air permeability per basis weight is less than 0.05 ((cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2)), the pressure drop is high. When the air permeability per basis weight is more than 0.45 ((cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2)), dust is more likely to accumulate in the inside so that the dust brush-off performance is poor. The air permeability per basis weight is preferably 0.10 to 0.40 ((cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2)). The air permeability per basis weight is more preferably 0.15 to 0.35 ((cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2)).
The air permeability per basis weight herein is calculated according to the equation:
Air permeability per basis weight ((cm3/cm2·sec)/(g/m2))=air permeability (cm3/cm2·sec)/basis weight (g/m2)).
The bending resistance per basis weight of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter in at least one of the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD) is 0.09 to 0.32 (mN)/(g/m2). When the bending resistance per basis weight is less than 0.09 ((mN)/(g/m2)), the pleating performance tends to be poor, and the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is more likely to undergo deformation during backwashing. When the bending resistance per basis weight is more than 0.32 (mN)/(g/m2), folds are more likely to be formed when the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is wound up, which is not preferred from the viewpoint of appearance quality.
The bending resistance per basis weight herein is calculated according to the equation:
Bending resistance per basis weight((mN)/(g/m2))=bending resistance(mN)/basis weight (g/m2)
In general, the machine direction (MD) means the direction perpendicular to the sheet width direction of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, that is, the winding direction of the roll of the non-woven fabric for a filter. The transverse direction (TD) means the sheet width direction of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, that is, the width direction of the roll of the non-woven fabric. It is important for the spunbond non-woven fabric to have a bending resistance per basis weight of 0.09 to 0.32 ((mN)/(g/m2)) in at least one of the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD). The machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD) of the sheet do not need to be distinguished from each other as long as measurement is possible for both directions.
The tensile strength in the machine direction (MD) per basis weight of the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter (which may be hereinafter referred to as the machine direction tensile strength per basis weight) is preferably not less than 3.2 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2), more preferably not less than 3.5 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2), still more preferably not less than 3.8 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2). The tensile strength in the transverse direction (TD) per basis weight (which may be hereinafter referred to as the transverse direction tensile strength per basis weight) is preferably not less than 2.0 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2), more preferably not less than 2.3 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2), still more preferably not less than 2.6 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2).
By setting the machine direction tensile strength and the transverse direction tensile strength as described above, a mechanical strength sufficient for practical application of the filter can be given so that the filter can have excellent durability. The tensile strength per basis weight herein is calculated according to the equation:
Tensile strength per basis weight((N/5 cm)/(g/m2))=tensile strength(N/5 cm)/basis weight (g/m2)
As described above, when the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter has the above-described particular basis weight, single fiber fineness, apparent density, air permeability, and bending resistance, a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter suitable and useful as a filter can be obtained by achievement of a low pressure drop and an excellent dust brush-off performance, as well as a long product life that has not been achieved by conventional techniques.
The method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is described below. The spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is produced by sequentially carrying out the following steps (a) to (d):
(a) a step of spinning, from a spinneret, a composite polyester fiber containing a low melting point polyester arranged in the vicinity of a high melting point polyester, the low melting point polyester having a melting point 10 to 140° C. lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester;
(b) a step of subjecting the spun composite polyester fiber to stretch by suction flow with high-speed suction gas, and then capturing the fiber on a moving net conveyor, to obtain a fiber web containing a composite polyester fiber having a single fiber fineness of not less than 1.5 dtex and less than 5.0 dtex;
(c) a step of passing hot air through the obtained fiber web, the hot air having a temperature higher than the melting point of the low melting point polyester and lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester, to perform air-through thermal bonding; and
(d) a step of sandwiching the air-through-thermal-bonded fiber web between a pair of flat rolls or two belt conveyors, and performing heat treatment at a temperature 5 to 65° C. lower than the melting point of the low melting point polyester, to obtain a spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 150 to 300 g/m2.
The spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter is obtained by the so-called spunbond method. It is prepared by application of a process in which a fiber web collected by the spunbond method is subjected to the air-through method to melt the low melting point polyester, thereby allowing adhesion of the fibers to each other, followed by further carrying out heat treatment to increase the compactness.
In a preferred mode of the method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, the fiber web captured on the net conveyor is treated by temporal adhering. The temporal adhering is preferably carried out by a method in which the captured fiber web is heat-pressed using a pair of flat rolls, or a method in which a flat roll is arranged on a net conveyor, and the captured fiber web is heat-pressed between the net conveyor and the flat roll. The temperature for the heat press is preferably 70 to 120° C. lower than the melting point of the low melting point polyester. By setting the temperature to such a value, excessive adhesion of fibers to each other can be prevented, and the conveying performance can be improved.
In the integration process by the thermal bonding, application of an embossing roll is preferably avoided. When the thermal bonding is carried out using an embossing roll, fibers in the thermally bonded portion are melted to become film-like, leading to elimination of air permeability as well as a low capture performance. Moreover, regarding the dust brush-off performance, accumulation of dust occurs in the thermally bonded portion having no air permeability, leading to a short product life, which is problematic.
The air-through method is a method in which hot air is passed through the fiber web obtained by the spunbond method. In this process, it is important for the hot air to have a temperature higher than the melting point of the low melting point polyester, and lower than the melting point of the high melting point polyester. The range of the hot-air temperature is preferably from the melting point of the low melting point polyester+5° C. to the melting point of the high melting point polyester−5° C. On the other hand, when the hot-air temperature is lower than the temperature of the low melting point polyester, the fibers cannot be easily fused with each other, resulting in a poor mechanical strength, which is not preferred. When the hot-air temperature is higher than the temperature of the high melting point polyester, all fibers constituting the spunbond non-woven fabric are melted to form a film-like sheet, which has poor air permeability and is not preferred as a pleated filter.
It is important to further increase the compactness of the fibers thermally bonded by the air-through method. A fiber web obtained by the air-through method has a bulky, low-density structure. Therefore, when it is used as a pleated filter, its high air permeability allows entrance of dust into the inside so that the dust cannot be brushed off by compressed air, resulting in a short product life, which is problematic. The surface of the fiber sheet has especially higher compactness so that filtration through the surface layer of the fiber web is possible while maintaining the air permeability, which is characteristic to the air-through method, thereby improving the brush-off performance.
The air-through thermal bonding is preferably carried out in a state where the entire surface of the fiber web is held. By this, shrinkage of the fiber web, formation of wrinkles, and deterioration of the appearance quality can be prevented in the thermal bonding process. The method of holding the entire surface of the fiber web is preferably a method in which the fiber web is passed through a pair of upper and lower conveyor nets to bring the conveyor nets into contact with both sides of the fiber web, and a method in which the fiber web is brought into contact with an air-through drum in a state where tension is applied, to enable holding by friction with the drum.
Examples of the method of increasing the compactness include a method in which compactness of fibers on the surface of the fiber web is increased by thermal bonding using a pair of flat rolls, and a method in which the fiber sheet is sandwiched between two belt conveyors composed of resin belts, and then heat treatment is carried out. The method in which the fiber web is sandwiched between belt conveyors, and then heat treatment is carried out, is especially preferred since the heat treatment can be carried out for a relatively long time without positively applying pressure so that the compactness can be increased specifically for the surface of the fiber web.
It is important for the thermal bonding by flat rolls to be carried out at a temperature 5 to 65° C. lower than the melting point of the low melting point polyester present in the fiber surface of the spunbond non-woven fabric. The temperature is preferably 10 to 60° C. lower, more preferably 20 to 50° C. lower than the melting point. When the difference between the temperature for the thermal bonding by the heated embossing roll and the melting point of the low melting point polyester present in the fiber surface of the spunbond non-woven fabric is less than 5° C., excessive thermal bonding occurs, resulting in a density lower than the lower limit of our range. On the other hand, when the temperature difference is more than 65° C., the thermal bonding is weak and, therefore, the surface has insufficient compactness, resulting in a density higher than the upper limit of our range.
In the method in which the fiber web is sandwiched between two belt conveyors composed of resin belts, and then heat treatment is carried out, it is important to set the temperature to a temperature 5 to 65° C. lower than the melting point of the low melting point polyester present in the fiber surface of the spunbond non-woven fabric. The temperature is preferably 10 to 60° C. lower, more preferably 20 to 50° C. lower than the melting point. When the difference between the temperature for the heat treatment and the melting point of the low melting point polyester present in the fiber surface of the spunbond non-woven fabric is less than 5° C., excessive thermal bonding occurs, resulting in a density lower than the lower limit of our range. On the other hand, when the temperature difference is more than 65° C., the thermal bonding is weak and, therefore, the surface has insufficient compactness, resulting in a density higher than the upper limit of our range.
Thus, since the spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter has high rigidity, air permeability, and dust brush-off performance, it can be preferably used as a pleated filter. Further, taking advantage of the excellent rigidity and air permeability, it can also be preferably used as a pleated filter base material to be laminated with a filter material such as a PTFE membrane or a nanofiber.
The spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter and its production method are described below concretely by way of showing Examples. The property values in the Examples described below were measured by the following methods.
Using a differential scanning calorimeter DSC-2 manufactured by Perkin-Elmer Corp., measurement was carried out at a heating rate of 20° C./minute, and the temperature at which the extreme value was observed in the resulting melting endothermic curve was determined as the melting point of the polyester. When a resin exhibited no extreme value in the melting endothermic curve obtained by the differential scanning calorimeter, the resin was heated on a hot plate, and the temperature at which melting of the resin was found by observation under the microscope was determined as the melting point.
The intrinsic viscosity of the polyester was measured by the following method.
In 100 ml of ortho-chlorophenol, 8 g of a sample was dissolved, and its relative viscosity ηr was determined according to the equation using an Ostwald viscometer at a temperature of 25° C.:
ηr=η/η0=(t×d)/(t0×d0)
(wherein η represents the viscosity of the polymer solution; η0 represents the viscosity of ortho-chlorophenol; t represents the dropping time (seconds) of the solution; d represents the density of the solution (g/cm3); t0 represents the dropping time (seconds) of ortho-chlorophenol; and d0 represents the density of ortho-chlorophenol (g/cm3).)
Subsequently, the intrinsic viscosity IV was calculated according to the equation based on the relative viscosity ηr:
IV=0.0242ηr+0.2634.
Ten small sample pieces were randomly collected from the spunbond non-woven fabric, and their images were taken using a scanning electron microscope at magnification of ×500 to ×3000. Ten fibers from each small sample piece, that is, a total of 100 fibers, were arbitrarily selected, and the thickness of each fiber was measured. Each fiber was regarded as having a circular cross section, and its thickness was defined as the fiber diameter. The average value was rounded to the nearest integer, and then the single fiber fineness was calculated based on the calculated fiber diameter and the polymer density, followed by rounding the calculated value to the nearest integer.
(4) Basis Weight of Non-Woven Fabric (g/m2):
Three samples each having a size of 50 cm×50 cm were collected, and the mass of each sample was measured, followed by converting the average of the obtained values to a value per unit area and rounding the resulting value to the nearest integer.
Using a thickness gauge (manufactured by TECLOCK Corporation; “TECLOCK” (registered trademark) SM-114), the thickness of the non-woven fabric was measured at 10 points positioned at equal intervals along the width direction. The resulting average value was rounded to two decimal places to determine the thickness.
(6) Apparent Density of Non-Woven Fabric (g/Cm3):
Using the thickness obtained as described above in section (5) and the basis weight obtained as described above in section (4), the apparent density was calculated according to the equation, and the resulting value was rounded to two decimal places:
Apparent density (g/cm3)=basis weight (g/m2)/thickness (mm)/1000.
(7) Air Permeability of Non-Woven Fabric (Cm3/Cm2·Sec):
From arbitrary portions of the spunbond non-woven fabric, 10 samples each having a size of 10 cm×10 cm were collected, and the samples were measured by the Frazier method according to JIS-L1913 (2010). The pressure set for the measurement was 125 Pa. The air permeability was calculated by averaging the values obtained at the 10 points and rounding the resulting average to the nearest integer.
(8) Air Permeability of Non-Woven Fabric Per Basis Weight ((Cm3/Cm2·Sec)/(g/m2):
The air permeability value obtained above as the air permeability in section (7) was divided by the basis weight value obtained above as the basis weight in section (4), and the resulting value was rounded to three decimal places to calculate the air permeability per basis weight.
The bending resistance was measured and calculated according to the Gurley method described in section 6.7.4 of JIS-L1913 (2010).
(10) Bending Resistance of Non-Woven Fabric Per Basis Weight ((mN)/(g/m2)):
The bending resistance value obtained above as the bending resistance in section (9) was divided by the basis weight value obtained above as the basis weight in section (4), and the resulting value was rounded to three decimal places to calculate the bending resistance per basis weight.
The tensile strength of the non-woven fabric was measured according to section 6.3.1 of JIS L1913 (2010). Test pieces each having a size of 5 cm×30 cm whose long side corresponded to the machine direction (MD) or the transverse direction (TD) were collected from three points per 1 m positioned at equal intervals along the width direction, and tensile tests were carried out at a grip distance of 20 cm and a tensile rate of 10 cm/minute using a constant speed elongation type tensile testing machine. The strength at break was read, and rounded to the nearest integer to determine the tensile strength (N/5 cm).
(12) Tensile Strength of Non-Woven Fabric Per Basis Weight ((mN)/(g/m2)):
The tensile strength value obtained above as the tensile strength in section (11) was divided by the basis weight value obtained above as the basis weight in section (4), and the resulting value was rounded to one decimal place to calculate the tensile strength per basis weight for each of the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD).
From arbitrary portions of the non-woven fabric, three samples each having a size of 15 cm×15 cm were collected. Each test apparatus had a constitution containing: a dust supply device 5 connected upstream of a sample holder 1 in which a test sample M is to be placed; and a flowmeter 2, flow control valve 3, blower 4, and pulse-jet device 6, connected downstream of the sample holder 1. The evaluation area of the test sample was 0.01 m2. A pressure gauge 7 was connected to the sample holder 1 to enable measurement of the pressure drop of the test sample M. In the test for the brush-off performance, the JIS type-15 standard powder was fed from the dust supply device 5 to a concentration of 205 g/m3. The dust was then continuously supplied at the constant concentration while adjusting the air flow using the flow control valve 3 such that the filter passing rate was 1.5 m/minute. When the pressure drop of the test sample M reached 1500 Pa, 0.5-MPa compressed air was injected from the pulse-jet device 6 for 0.1 sec. to brush off the dust attached to the test sample M. The operation time (hrs) required for the number of times of the dust brush-off to reach 200 times was measured for each sample, and the average value was calculated from the results of three replicates of the test, followed by rounding the calculated average value to the nearest 10 to determine the operation time (hrs).
From arbitrary portions of the non-woven fabric, three test samples each having a size of 15 cm×15 cm were collected, and a dust collection performance test was carried out using VDT/DIN 3926 as a reference standard. The filtration area of each test sample was 0.016 m2, and the filtration air velocity was set to 2.0 m/minute. As the dust powder, aluminum oxide particles (Dp50: 10.5 μm) were used. The particles were supplied at a constant concentration such that the dust concentration in the upstream of the test sample was 5 g/m3.
First, the aging cycle in which 0.5-MPa compressed air was injected from the pulse-jet device for 1 second was carried out 5000 times at 5-second intervals. Subsequently, for post-aging evaluation of the performance, the brush-off cycle in which 0.5-MPa compressed air was injected for 1 second after the pressure drop reached 1000 Pa (wherein when the pressure drop reached 1000 Pa in less than 5 seconds after the previous brush-off, the dust was loaded until 5 seconds after the previous brush-off, and then the injection of the compressed air was carried out) was repeated 30 times. From the powder leakage concentration during the test, the dust collection rate was calculated according to the equation. The measurement was carried out in three replicates, and the average was rounded to three decimal places:
Dust collection rate (%)=(1−powder leakage concentration (g/m3)/upstream dust concentration (g/m3))×100.
The pressure drop was measured 5 seconds after the injection of pulse-jet in the 30th brush-off cycle. The measurement was carried out in three replicates, and the average was rounded to the nearest integer.
Five small sample pieces each having a size of 10 mm×10 mm were randomly collected from the spunbond non-woven fabric, and each small sample piece was subjected to 3D shape measurement for not less than 4.5 mm along the width direction×not less than 4.5 mm along the longitudinal direction using a one-shot 3D shape measuring instrument VR-3000 manufactured by Keyence Corporation. Subsequently, each side of each small sample piece was surveyed to see, using as a reference point (0-mm depth) the highest portion in the side, the presence/absence of a region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm that continues for a length of not less than 0.20 mm in the surface direction along a straight line of 4.5 mm in the width direction or 4.5 mm in the longitudinal direction that passes through the reference point (that is, a partially observed concave region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm). In Table 1, when none of the small sample pieces had such a partially observed concave region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm, the result was described as “Absent”; when at least one small sample piece had a partially observed concave region having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm on only one side, the result was described as “Present on one side”; and when at least one small sample piece had partially observed concave regions having a depth of not less than 0.10 mm on both sides, the result was described as “Present on both sides”.
A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having an intrinsic viscosity IV of 0.65 and a melting point of 260° C. dried to a moisture content of not more than 50 ppm and a copolymerized polyester (CO-PET) having an intrinsic viscosity IV of 0.64, an isophthalic acid copolymerization ratio of 11 mol %, and a melting point of 230° C. dried to a moisture content of not more than 50 mass ppm were melted at temperatures of 295° C. and 280° C., respectively. The polyethylene terephthalate as a core component and the copolymerized polyester as a sheath component were spun from the pore at a spinneret temperature of 295° C. and a core:sheath mass ratio of 80:20, and then filaments having a circular cross-sectional shape were spun at a spinning rate of 4300 m/minute using an air sucker, followed by capturing the filaments as a fiber web on a moving net conveyor. Air at a hot-air temperature of 250° C. was passed through the captured fiber web, and thermal bonding was performed using a calender roll composed of a pair of flat rolls at a temperature of 180° C. at a line pressure of 50 kg/cm, to obtain a spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex (dtex). The spunbond non-woven fabric obtained had a machine direction tensile strength per basis weight of 4.0 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2) and a transverse direction tensile strength per basis weight of 2.7 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2). The results are shown in Table 1.
A spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 260 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the basis weight was changed to 260 g/m2 by controlling the speed of the net conveyor. The results are shown in Table 1.
A spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 4.0 decitex was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the single fiber fineness was changed to 4.0 dtex by controlling the discharge rate. The results are shown in Table 1.
A spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the core:sheath mass ratio was changed to 70:30. The results are shown in Table 1.
A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having an intrinsic viscosity IV of 0.65 and a melting point of 260° C. dried to a moisture content of not more than 50 mass ppm and a copolymerized polyester (CO-PET) having an intrinsic viscosity IV of 0.64, an isophthalic acid copolymerization ratio of 11 mol %, and a melting point of 230° C. dried to a moisture content of not more than 50 mass ppm were melted at temperatures of 295° C. and 280° C., respectively. The polyethylene terephthalate as a core component and the copolymerized polyester as a sheath component were spun from the pore at a spinneret temperature of 295° C. and a core:sheath mass ratio of 80:20, and then filaments having a circular cross-sectional shape were spun at a spinning rate of 4300 m/minute using an air sucker, followed by capturing the filaments as a fiber web on a moving net conveyor. After passing air at a hot-air temperature of 250° C. through the fiber sheet, the captured fiber web was sandwiched between two belt conveyor composed of resin belts, and heat treatment was carried out at a temperature of 180° C., to obtain a spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex (dtex). The spunbond non-woven fabric obtained had a machine direction tensile strength per basis weight of 4.1 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2) and a transverse direction tensile strength per basis weight of 2.7 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2).
The properties of the obtained non-woven fabrics were as shown in Table 1. All of the spunbond non-woven fabrics of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 had excellent air permeabilities and rigidities. Although the filters after the dust brush-off test had dust attached to their surfaces, they were in good conditions without occurrence of clogging or the like. The results are shown in Table 1.
A spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the hot-air temperature was 300° C. The spunbond non-woven fabric obtained had a machine direction tensile strength per basis weight of 3.0 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2) and a transverse direction tensile strength per basis weight of 1.8 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2). The results are shown in Table 2.
A spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the calender roll was 160° C. According to our method of producing a spunbond non-woven fabric for a filter, it is important to sandwich an air-through-thermal-bonded fiber web between a pair of flat rolls or two belt conveyors, and to perform heat treatment at a temperature 5 to 65° C. lower than the melting point of the copolymerized polyester (low melting point polyester) having a melting point of 230° C. (that is, at a temperature of 165 to 225° C.). However, Comparative Example 2 does not satisfy this temperature condition. The obtained non-woven fabric had an apparent density of as low as 0.22 g/cm3, and formation of wrinkles occurred during winding, resulting in a poor appearance quality. The results are shown in Table 2.
A spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 400 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the basis weight was changed to 400 g/m2 by controlling the speed of the net conveyor. The results are shown in Table 2.
A spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 8.0 decitex was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the single fiber fineness was changed to 8.0 dtex by controlling the discharge rate. The spunbond non-woven fabric obtained had a machine direction tensile strength per basis weight of 2.7 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2) and a transverse direction tensile strength per basis weight of 2.4 (N/5 cm)/(g/m2). The results are shown in Table 2.
A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having an intrinsic viscosity IV of 0.65 and a melting point of 260° C. dried to a moisture content of not more than 50 mass ppm and a copolymerized polyester (CO-PET) having an intrinsic viscosity IV of 0.64, an isophthalic acid copolymerization ratio of 11 mol %, and a melting point of 230° C. dried to a moisture content of not more than 50 mass ppm were melted at temperatures of 295° C. and 280° C., respectively. The polyethylene terephthalate as a core component and the copolymerized polyester as a sheath component were spun from the pore at a spinneret temperature of 295° C. and a core:sheath mass ratio of 80:20, followed by thermal bonding using an embossing roll having a press area ratio of 18% at a temperature of 200° C. at a line pressure of 60 kg/cm, to obtain a spunbond non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 composed of fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2.7 decitex (dtex). The results are shown in Table 2.
A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having an intrinsic viscosity IV of 0.65 and a melting point of 260° C. dried to a moisture content of not more than 50 mass ppm was spun. Polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers having a single fiber fineness of 2 decitex, a cut length of 51 mm, and a number of crimps of 14/2.54 cm were used to obtain spun yarns having a single yarn count of 20 s and a number of doubling of 2. This was prepared into a plain fabric to obtain a polyethylene terephthalate spun yarn fabric. Subsequently, heat set was carried out for 45 seconds with overfeeding at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a base fabric having a warp density of 26 yarns/2.54 cm and a weft density of 18 yarns/2.54 cm. On the thus obtained base fabric, a fiber web using polyethylene terephthalate fibers with a circular cross section having a single fiber fineness of 2.0 d, a cut length of 51 mm, and a number of crimps of 14/2.54 cm was stacked, and then the base fabric and the fiber web were tangled together by needle punching to obtain a needle-punched felt. The needle-punched felt was subjected to singeing treatment using a burner flame, and then to pressing using a heat roller with a surface temperature of 200° C., to obtain a staple fiber non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m2 and a thickness of 0.69 mm. The results are shown in Table 2.
The properties of the obtained non-woven fabrics were as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. In Comparative Example 1, the density of the whole sheet increased due to excessive melting; the air permeability was low; and the bending resistance and the dust brush-off performance were poor. In Comparative Example 2, clogging with dust easily occurred due to insufficient compactness, and the dust brush-off performance was poor. In Comparative Example 3, the basis weight was high; the air permeability was low; and the dust brush-off performance was poor; which is problematic. In Comparative Example 4, the single fiber fineness was thick, and the dust brush-off performance was poor. In Comparative Example 5, the bending resistance was low, and the dust brush-off performance was inferior. In Comparative Example 6, the air permeability was high, but the bending resistance was very low, and the dust brush-off performance was poor. Therefore, the non-woven fabric was not suitable for a pleated filter.
As a result of the dust collection performance test, our spunbond non-woven fabrics for a filter were found to show lower pressure drops and better dust collection rates compared to the spunbond non-woven fabrics of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 5, and better dust collection rates compared to the non-woven fabrics of Comparative Examples 2 and 4.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-249526 | Dec 2015 | JP | national |
| 2016-186835 | Sep 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2016/085040 | 11/25/2016 | WO | 00 |
