Patent Grant
8816559
The present invention relates to a squirrel cage induction motor with improvement in a slot area ratio between a stator and a rotor and a squirrel cage induction motor driving system for driving squirrel cage induction motor.
Conventionally, various improvements in configuration have been made for miniaturization and a high efficiency in the motor. For example, in a duplex feeding type squirrel cage induction motor, a technology is disclosed which intends to miniaturize the motor and to have a high efficiency by equalizing current densities of stator windings and rotor windings by equalizing an area ratio between stator slots and rotor slots (see patent document 1). According to this technology, equalizing the current density between the stator windings and the rotor windings relatively equalizes increase in temperature between the stator and the rotor. This can avoid decrease in a generation torque, so that it is possible to miniaturize the motor and to have a high efficiency in the squirrel cage induction motors. In addition, a technology is disclosed in which, by setting a slot area of the stator of a small-size capacitor type of induction motor to 0.45 to 0.65 of an area of a circle of which diameter is equal to a diameter of an outer diameter of the stator, a quantity of a used iron core can be reduced by 25% and a quantity of used conducting wires can be reduced by 18% for the same characteristic, and an output characteristic is increased by 145% for the same size (see patent document 2).
However, Patent document 1 is a technology relating to the duplex feeding type squirrel cage induction, and in the general motor, because a magnitude of a secondary current largely varies as an induction current in accordance with an operation status, a current ratio between the stator windings and the rotor windings varies in accordance with the operation status, so that it is difficult to uniquely determine the area ratio between the stator slots and the rotor slots by only the current ratio of the stator windings and the rotor windings. On the other hand, the technology of Patent document 2 is a technology relating to the slot area of the stator. However it is difficult to provide compatibility between improvement of a starting characteristic (improvement in a starting torque) and a steady characteristic (to have a high efficiency) in the induction motor by only adjusting the slot area.
The present invention is developed in consideration of these problems and aims to provide a squirrel cage induction motor capable of providing compatibility between improvement in the torque characteristic at startup and a high efficiency at the steady status and a squirrel cage induction motor driving system for driving the squirrel cage induction motor.
To solve the aforementioned problems, the squirrel cage induction motor adopts a configuration of a squirrel cage induction motor comprising:
a stator core;
a plurality of stator slots radially disposed in a circumferential direction of the stator core with predetermined intervals;
a plurality of stator windings housed in the stator slots, respectively;
a rotor core;
a plurality of rotor slots radially disposed in a circumferential direction of the rotor core with predetermined intervals;
a plurality of rotor conductors housed in the rotor slots, respectively,
wherein the stator windings and the rotor conductors comprise electrically conductive materials mainly composed of copper, and
wherein an area ratio of a total of the stator slots to a total of the rotor slots is not smaller than 2.3 and not greater than 8.0 (preferably, not smaller than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0).
According to the configuration, to improve the starting characteristic and the steady characteristic of the squirrel cage induction motor simultaneously, in an aspect of the present invention, a conductive material composed of copper or copper alloy is used for the stator windings and the stator conductor, and the area ratio of the total area of the stator slots to a total area of the rotor slots are set to be not smaller than 2.3 and not greater than 8.0 (preferably, not smaller than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0).
According to the squirrel cage induction motor of the present invention, compatibility can be provided between the starting characteristic (starting torque) and the steady characteristic (for a high efficiency) in improvement by using the conductive material composed of copper or the copper alloy for at least the rotor conductors with selection of the area ratio between the total area of the stator slots to the total area of the stator slots within a rang from 2.3 to 8.0 (preferably, not smaller than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0).
In the squirrel cage induction motor according to the present invention it is intended to provide a high efficiency by using a conductive material such as copper having a low electric resistivity for stator windings and rotor conductors as well as having a predetermined electric resistance at a startup to secure a predetermined starting torque, so that compatibility between improvement in the starting characteristic (starting torque) and improvement of the steady characteristic (efficiency) is provided.
For that purpose, a ratio (area ratio) of a total area of the stator slots to a total area of the rotor slots is set to be within a predetermined range.
Hereinbelow with reference to the drawings will be described in detail squirrel cage induction motors according to respective embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in
On the other hand, a rotor 20 includes a rotor core 21, a lot of slots 22 disposed in a circumferential direction near an outer circumference of the rotor core 21 with predetermined intervals, and rotor conductors 23 embedded in these rotor slots 22. An area of one of the rotor slots 22 is assumed to be S2 and the number of the slots of the rotor slots 22 is assumed as N2.
In each of the embodiments of the present invention, the stator windings 13 and the rotor conductor 23 are conductor materials composed of copper. If a ratio of a total area (S1×N1) of the stator slots 12 to the total area (S2×N2) of the rotor slots 22 is assumed as an area ratio, the area ratio is not smaller than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0
To increase the efficiency of the squirrel cage induction motor, it is desired to reduce a loss generated in the rotor conductor 23 by decreasing an electrical resistance of the rotor conductors 23. However, at a startup of the squirrel cage induction motor, the electrical resistance of the rotor conductors 23 is proportional to a stating torque (when the loss is reduced by decreasing the electrical resistance of the rotor conductor 23, the starting torque is decreased). Accordingly, if the conductor martial is simply changed to that having a lower electric resistivity (for example, the conductor material is changed from aluminum to copper), the starting characteristic (starting torque) becomes worse. In other words, in the squirrel cage induction motor, when it is tried to increase the efficiency by decreasing the electric resistance of the rotor conductor 23, the starting torque will decrease.
Because the high efficiency and increase in the starting torque have a trade off relation, improvement in these characteristics can be provided by devising a cross-sectional shape of the rotor conductor 23 in the squirrel cage induction motor having a variable frequency inverter as a power source. This technology is known (for example, JP 2004-248361) in which increases an electrical resistance of the rotor conductor 23 using the skin effect, which is a deviation in current distribution by increasing a frequency of the inverter only at a startup. However, the improvement in the starting characteristic (starting torque) can be provided by increasing the electrical resistance of the rotor conductor 23 only at the startup using the skin effect. However, when a cross-sectional area of the rotor conductor 23 is small, the skin effect becomes low, so that the improvement range in the starting torque will be necessary small. In addition, when a frequency of a driving current of the squirrel cage induction motor is low (for example, when the squirrel cage induction motor is driven by a commercial power source), influence by the skin effect becomes small, so that the improvement range in the starting torque will be small.
In
In other words, it is understood that in a case that the material of the rotor conductor 23 shown in
Then, each of the embodiments of the present invention provides the squirrel cage induction motor which can provide both improvements in the starting characteristic (starting torque) and the steady characteristic (efficiency) even when the height of the rotor conductors 23 is equal to or smaller than 19 mm.
More specially, in the squirrel cage induction motor of each of the embodiments of the present invention, the startup characteristic is improved not dependently on the skin effect in the rotor conductor 23, but by decreasing a cross-sectional area of the rotor conductor 23 and increasing the electric resistance of the rotor conductor 23 which is proportional to the starting torque. This makes the height of the rotor conductor 23 equal to or smaller than 19 mm, so that the starting characteristic can be improved even when the skin effect becomes low.
However, when the electrical resistance is increased by making the cross-sectional area of the rotor conductor 23 smaller by making the height of the rotor conductors 23 not greater than 19 mm, the electric resistance of the rotor conductor 23 becomes larger in the steady status (at the rated rotation speed), so that an efficiency will decrease because a loss generated in the rotor conductor 23 will increase. Then, an outer diameter of the rotor 20 and the inner diameter of the stator 10 are made smaller by a decreased amount in the cross-sectional area of the rotor conductor 23, so that an area of the stator 10 is increased and cross-sectional area of the stator slots 12 and the stator winding 13 can be increased. This decreases the electric resistance of the stator winging 13, reducing the loss generated in the stator winding 13, improving the efficiency.
IE3 standard is a standard of the efficiency for a rotational electric apparatus (motor) defined by International Standard Correspondence IEC60034-30 which specifies an efficiency level for each output capacity of the rotational electric apparatus under IE3 standard.
Accordingly, in the chart of the characteristic shown in
As understood from
In other words, the squirrel cage induction motor capable of providing the efficiency higher than the efficiency level according to IE3 standard (IE3 standard level) which represents one of technical levels can be estimated as a high efficiency squirrel cage induction motor. Accordingly, high efficiency squirrel cage induction motors can be provided through manufacturing the squirrel cage induction motor of which area ratio of the total area of the stator slots 12 to the total are of the rotor slots 22 is in a range from 2.3 to 8.0 inclusively.
In this chart illustrating the characteristic, an axis of abscissa represents the area ratio (p.u.) of the total area of the stator slots 12 to the total area of the rotor slots 22, and the axis of ordinate represents the starting torque (%) according to JIS C4210 standard. JIS C4210 standard is an international standard specifying an electric characteristic of low voltage three phase squirrel cage induction motors and includes levels of the starting torques for each rated output. In addition, each of the plotted points in
As shown in
The squirrel cage induction motor capable of providing the efficiency higher than the efficiency level according to JIS C4210 standard which represent one of technical levels can be estimated as a high efficiency squirrel cage induction motor. A high efficiency squirrel cage induction motor can be provided through manufacturing the squirrel cage induction motor of which area ratio of the total area of the stator slots 12 to the total area of the rotor slots 22 is not smaller than 2.7.
More specifically, according to the chart of the efficiency characteristic with respect to the area ratio shown in
In the first embodiment, the squirrel cage induction motor connected to a variable frequency inverter as the power source is exemplified. In the second embodiment, will be described a squirrel cage induction motor directly supplied with an AC power having a frequency of the commercial power without intervention by the variable frequency inverter.
A power source in the second embodiment has a breaker for supplying three-phase AC power received by a receiving board from a commercial three phase AC power source to the stator windings 13 of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor without any change, i.e., without intervention by the variable frequency inverter. More specifically, the squirrel cage induction motor according to the second embodiment can be started up with the power having a commercial frequency, i.e., a commercial power source) without intervention by the variable frequency inverter, because the starting torque can be secured which is not smaller than the rated torque by setting the area ratio to a value not smaller than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0. In addition, because there is no intervention by the variable frequency inverter, a loss in the variable frequency inverter is eliminated, so that the efficiency of the squirrel cage induction motor driving system can be improved.
In a first example shown in
The second example shown in
In each of the examples shown in
In the first to third embodiments, copper is used as conducting material for the rotor conductor 23 (see
The electric resistivity also varies with a temperature, and the electric resistivity of copper is 1.7241 μΩ·cm at 20° C. according to Electrical Engineering Handbook and can be calculated at a given temperature T by an equation of 1.7241(1+0.00393 (T−20)). Therefore, the electric resistivity of copper is 0.37 μΩ·cm at a cryogenic temperature of −196° C. and 3.28 μΩ·cm at a maximum allowable temperature of 250° C. in the JEC-2137-2000 standard which is Standard requirements defined by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.
As shown in
More specifically, according to the chart of the efficiency characteristic of the two-pole type squirrel cage induction motor shown in
The height of the rotor conductors 23 is not greater than 19 mm. In the aforementioned first to fourth embodiments, if it is assumed that an outer diameter ratio is defined as a ratio of the outer diameter of the stator core 11 to the outer diameter of the rotor core 21, squirrel cage induction motors having the outer diameter ratio not smaller than 1.69 (see
As shown in
More specifically, according to the drawing of the efficiency characteristic of the four-pole type squirrel cage induction motor shown in
The height of the rotor conductors 23 is not greater than 19 mm. In the aforementioned first to fourth embodiments, if it is assumed that an outer diameter ratio is defined as a ratio of the outer diameter of the stator core 11 to the outer diameter of the rotor core 21, squirrel cage induction motors having the outer diameter ratio not smaller than 1.52 and not greater than 1.68 satisfy the level of the IE3 standard, so that the squirrel cage induction motors with high efficiencies are provided. Plotted points shown in
As shown in
More specifically, according to the chart of the efficiency characteristic of the six-pole type squirrel cage induction motor shown in
In the eighth embodiment, the conductor material of the stator winding 13 in the first to seventh embodiments is composed of aluminum. According to Electrical Engineering Handbook, aluminum has an electrical resistivity 1.64 times the electrical resistivity of copper. Accordingly, making the total area of the stator slots 12 1.64 times values of the first to seventh embodiments and setting the outer diameter ratio of the stator slot 12 to the rotor slot 22 of the six pole type squirrel cage induction motor to a value not smaller than 4.4 and not greater than 13.1 provides a squirrel cage induction motor with a high compatibility between the starting characteristic (secureness of starting torque) and a steady characteristic (with a high efficiency).
In the eighth embodiment mentioned above, aluminum is used for the stator winding 13. However, an aluminum alloy can be used, and a conductor with an electric resistivity equivalent to aluminum can be used also. For example, when an alloy of aluminum and copper is used, the electric resistivity becomes smaller than aluminum, which provides a squirrel cage induction motor with a higher efficiency than that of the eighth embodiment. When the electric resistivity of the stator winding 13 is smaller than that of the aluminum, the area ratio for providing a squirrel cage induction motor with compatibility between the starting characteristic (secureness of the starting torque) and the steady characteristic (with a high efficiency) will be further smaller than the value not greater than 4.4 and not greater than 13.1 according to the eighth embodiment.
The electric resistivity also varies with a temperature, and the electric resistivity of aluminum is 2.8265 μΩ·cm at 20° C. according to Electrical Engineering Handbook and can be calculated at a given temperature T by an equation of 2.8265(1+0.0040 (T−20)). Therefore, the electric resistivity is 0.57 μΩ·cm at a cryogenic temperature, such as a temperature in liquid nitrogen, of −196° C. and 5.43 μΩ·cm at a maximum allowable temperature of 250° C. in the JEC-2137-2000 standard which is Standard requirements defined by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.
In the tenth embodiment, the rotor winding 23 in the first to seventh embodiments is configured with aluminum. According to Electrical Engineering Handbook, aluminum has an electrical resistivity 1.64 times the electrical resistivity of copper. Therefore, multiplying the total area of the stator slots 12 in the first to seventh embodiments by 1.64 and setting the outer diameter ratio of the stator slot 12 to the rotor slot 22 of the rotor to a value not smaller than 1.6 and not greater than 4.9 provides a squirrel cage induction motor with a high compatibility between the starting characteristic (secureness of starting torque) and a steady characteristic (with a high efficiency).
In the tenth embodiment mentioned above, aluminum is used for the rotor winding 23. However, an aluminum alloy can be used, and a conductor with an electric resistivity equivalent to aluminum can be used also. For example, when an alloy of aluminum and copper is used, the electric resistivity becomes smaller than aluminum, which provides a squirrel cage induction motor with a higher efficiency than that of the tenth embodiment. When the electric resistivity of the rotor winding 23 is smaller than that of the aluminum, the area ratio for providing a squirrel cage induction motor with compatibility between the starting characteristic (with secureness of the starting torque) and steady characteristic (with a high efficiency) shifts to a side on which the area ratio is further greater than a value not greater than 1.6 and not greater than 4.9 according to the tenth embodiment.
The electric resistivity also varies with a temperature, and the electric resistivity of copper is 2.8265 μΩ·cm at 20° C. according to Electrical Engineering Handbook and can be calculated at a given temperature T by an equation of 2.8265(1+0.0040 (T−20)). Therefore, the electric resistivity of copper is 0.57 μΩ·cm at a cryogenic temperature, such as a temperature in liquid nitrogen, of −196° C. and 5.43 μΩ·cm at a maximum allowable temperature of 250° C. in the JEC-2137-2000 standard which is Standard requirements defined by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.
In the twelfth embodiment, the stator winding 13 and the rotor conductor 23 in the first to seventh embodiments is configured with aluminum. According to Electrical Engineering Handbook, aluminum has an electrical resistivity 1.64 times the electrical resistivity of copper. Accordingly, although the total area of the stator slots 12 to values of the first to seventh embodiments is multiplied by 1.64, the area ratio does not vary. Accordingly, if both the areas of the stator slot 12 and the rotor slot 22 in the first to seventh embodiments were multiplied by 1.64, the area ratio does not vary. Therefore, as similar to the first to seventh embodiments, setting the outer diameter ratio of the stator slot 12 to the rotor slot 22 of the squirrel cage induction motor to a value not smaller than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0 provides a squirrel cage induction motor with a high compatibility between the starting characteristic (secureness of starting torque) and a steady characteristic (with a high efficiency).
In the twelfth embodiment mentioned above, aluminum is used for the stator winding 13 and the rotor conductors 23. However, an aluminum alloy can be used, and a conductor with an electric resistivity equivalent to aluminum can be used also. For example, when an alloy of aluminum and copper is used, the electric resistivity becomes smaller than aluminum, which provides a squirrel cage induction motor with a higher efficiency than that of the twelfth embodiment. When the electric resistivity of the stator winding 13 is smaller than that of the aluminum, the area ratio for providing a squirrel cage induction motor with compatibility between the starting characteristic (with secureness of the starting torque) and the steady characteristic (with a high efficiency) shifts to a side on which the area ratio is further smaller than the range not greater than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0 according to the twelfth embodiment. In addition, when the electric resistivity of the rotor winding 23 is smaller than that of the aluminum, the area ratio for providing a squirrel cage induction motor with compatibility between the starting characteristic (with secureness of the starting torque) and the steady characteristic (with a high efficiency) shifts to a side on which the area ratio is further greater than the range not greater than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0 according to the twelfth embodiment.
The electric resistivity also varies with a temperature, and the electric resistivity of copper is 2.8265 μΩ·cm at 20° C. according to Electrical Engineering Handbook and can be calculated at a given temperature T by an equation of 2.8265(1+0.0040 (T−20)). Therefore, the electric resistivity of copper is 0.57 μΩ·cm at a cryogenic temperature, such as a temperature in liquid nitrogen of −196° C. and 5.43 μΩ·cm at a maximum allowable temperature of 250° C. in the JEC-2137-2000 standard which is Standard requirements defined by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.
In the fourteenth embodiment, will be described a self-start permanent magnet motor (also referred to as an MS motor) which is a modification of the squirrel cage induction motors described in the first to thirteenth embodiments.
A configuration of the self-start permanent magnet motor is not shown because of a well-known technology. However, referring to
Because the self-start permanent magnet motor provides the same operation and advantageous effect as the first to thirteenth embodiments, it is possible to provide a self-start permanent magnet motor with compatibility between the starting characteristic (with secureness of the starting torque) and the steady characteristic (with a high efficiency).
As described above, the squirrel cage induction motors according to each of the embodiments of the present invention is based on each of various standards such as an allowable temperature standard for motor windings according to JEC (Japanese Electrotechnical Committee: The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan • Standard requirements defined by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan), an efficiency standard of electronic motors by IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission: International Electrotechnical Commission), and a torque standard of electric motors by JIS (International Organization of Standardization: international standard correspondence). The area ratios of the total area of the rotor slots and the total area of the stator slots are determined so as to provide the efficiencies and torque characteristics which can clear these standards with compatibility between the starting characteristic (with secureness of the starting torque) and the steady characteristic (with a high efficiency). More specifically, when copper is used for the stator windings and the rotor conductors, and the area ratio is set within a range from 2.3 to 8.0 (peripherally, not smaller than 2.7 and not greater than 8.0), compatibility between the starting characteristic (starting torque) and the steady characteristic (for a high efficiency) can be provided. As mentioned above, the squirrel cage induction motors with a high efficiency and improvement in the starting torque can be provided by realizing the efficiencies and the starting torques exceed reference values which are the allowable temperature, the efficiency, and the torques defined by international standards.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-272718 | Oct 2008 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/064584 | 8/20/2009 | WO | 00 | 5/19/2011 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010/047173 | 4/29/2010 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20110210692 A1 | Sep 2011 | US |
