Patent Grant
11401488
The majority of cleaning products on the market are in liquid or gel forms and packaged in a plastic tube, bottle, spray bottle, or pump dispenser. The problem is the packaging. Single use plastic is everywhere and it is wreaking havoc on the environment. Only 9% of all plastic is actually recycled, and packaging generates the largest portion of municipal waste (˜30%). Packaged products are inefficient for businesses and the people who buy them.
Removing the water from cleaning formulations removes the need for single use plastic packaging and the waste that comes with it, such as packaging waste, product waste, and the waste of resources used to ship water.
Thus, a need exists for new stable formulations of cleansers meet the needs of consumers, while also reducing the amount of waste generated in their production and shipping.
The invention relates to stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations. The stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations may be in a solid form such as a tablet, granulars, powder, sachet, or polymer membrane (PVA, PVP, HPMC, etc) form. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations comprise an acidic cleaner, a pH control agent which can be a basic cleaner, and an oily soil remover (a surfactant). The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may further comprise a solvent such as a binder or a chelating agent. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may further comprise at least one natural and/or synthetic fragrance. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may further comprise a dye or coloring agent. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may comprise at least one of a fragrance and a coloring agent.
In one aspect, the solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation comprises an acidic cleaner, a pH control agent (e.g., a basic cleaner), a chelating agent, a solvent (e.g., a binder), and a preservative and optionally a preservative booster. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may have a pH of about 5.0 to about 6.0, about 3.5 to about 4.5, about 4.0 to about 5.0, about 4.5 to about 5.5, or about 9.5 to about 10.5 when dissolved in appropriate amount of water. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation can comprise citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, methylglycinediacetic acid, polyethylene glycol, a preservative, and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxylane-4-methanol. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may comprise a coloring agent.
The stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations may comprise one or more binding agents ranging from about 1% to about 20%, by weight.
The stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations may comprise one or more acidic cleaner ranging from about 1.0% to about 85% by weight, based on the weight of the tablet.
In one aspect, the solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may comprise an acidic cleaner in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 85% by weight of the formulation, a pH control agent (e.g., a basic cleaner) in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a value from about 2.5 to about 12.5 such as from about 4.0 to about 6.0 when dissolved in water, a solvent (e.g., a binder), an oily soil remover (e.g., a surfactant), and an optional chelating agent. The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may further comprise a buffer in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a desired value such as from about 2.5 to about 12.5 further such as from about 4.0 to about 6.0.
The acidic cleaner and basic together are referred as effervescent ingredients. In one aspect, the solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation can comprise the effervescent ingredients in an amount ranging from about 30% to about 80 or from about 30% to about 55% by weight, preservatives in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 40% or from about 20% to about 40% by weight, and at least one ingredient selected from surfactant, binder, and lubricant in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 25% or from about 10% to about 25% by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The effervescent ingredients (e.g, the acidic and basic cleaner) can facilitate homogeneous distribution and dissolution of the surfactant into water before use.
In one aspect, a method of making a concentrated cleanser tablet for use in cleaning is provided.
The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation can be used to clean bathroom, glass, multi-surface, and any other areas including but not limited to daily shower room, toilet bowl, floor, and etc.
This disclosure relates to solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations. The inventors have discovered a solid formulation that is both good for the environment and effective for cleaning purpose. The advantages of this solid formulation over the traditional liquid cleansers include chemical stability, reduced packaging, and convenience for the consumer.
Specifically, the solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations of this disclosure may include an acidic cleaner, a pH control agent (e.g., a basic cleaner), an oily soil remover (e.g., a surfactant), and an optional ingredient selected from a solvent (e.g., a binder), a preservative, and chelating agent. The formulation may optionally include one or more fragrances, dyes, or coloring agents.
As used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a “preservative booster” includes a single kind of preservative booster or two or more different kinds of preservative booster.
“About” as used herein means within an acceptable error range for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within 1 or more than 1 standard deviations, per practice in the art. Where particular values are described in the application and claims, unless otherwise stated, the term “about” means within an acceptable error range for the particular value. The term “about” when qualifying a value of a stated item, number, percentage, or term refers to a range of plus or minus ten percent of the value of the stated item, percentage, parameter, or term.
The term ‘solvent” as used in the cleaner concentrate formulations refers to a binder which can be solid.
The term “oily soil remover” is used interchangeably with “surfactant.”
The term “anhydrous” as used herein refers to a stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation comprising less than about 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1% by weight of water based on the weight of the concentrate.
The term “substantially fatty acid-free” as used herein refers to a solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation comprising less than 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% by weight of a fatty acid (or salt thereof) based on the weight of the concentrate, or comprising a fatty acid (or salt thereof) in an amount less than the amount used in a hand soap bar.
The term “substantially animal fat free” as used herein refers to a solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation comprising less than 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% by weight of an animal fat (such as tallow) (or salt thereof) based on the weight of the concentrate, or comprising or comprising a an animal fat (or salt thereof) in an amount less than the amount used in a hand soap bar.
Some of the ingredients may have multiple functions. However, when two or more ingredients defined based on their functions are included in a formulation disclosed herein, the ingredients differ from each other in terms of their chemical structure. For example citric acid can be a water softening agent and a acidic cleaner as well, but when both water softening agent and acidic cleaner are used in the description of the formulation, they intend to refer to different ingredients in terms of the chemical structure.
The term “comprising” includes the embodiments of “consisting of” or “consisting essentially of.”
The amount of acidic cleaner in the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may range from about 1% to about 85% by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The amount of acidic cleaner per tablet may be about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 5% to about 85%, about 10% to about 75%, about 10% to about 50%, about 15% to about 70%, about 20% to about 65%, about 25% to about 60%, about 30% to about 55%, about 35% to about 50%, or about 40% to about 45% by weight of the formulation. The acidic cleaner may be citric acid and/or malic acid.
The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may contain a pH control agent in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH when dissolved in water from about 2.0 to about 12.5, from about 5.0 to about 6.0, from about 3.5 to about 4.5, from about 4.0 to about 5.0, from about 4.5 to about 5.5, or from about 9.5 to about 10.5. The pH of the dissolved tablet in water may be about 2.0, about 2.5, about 3.0, about 3.5, about 4.0, about 4.5, about 5.0, about 5.5, about 2.0 to about 5.5, about 7.5, about 8.0, about 8.5, about 9.0, about 10.0, about 10.5, about 11.0, about 11.5, about 12.0, about 12.5, or about 7.5 to about 12.5. The pH control agent may be any agent sufficient to raise or lower the pH of the tablet when dissolved in water, which include a basic cleaner and an acidic cleaner, such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, or malic acid. When both an acidic cleaner and a pH control agent are contained in the solid formulation, the acidic cleaner differs from the pH control agent.
When the pH control agent is a basic cleaner, the amount of the basic cleaner may range from about 5% to about 60%, from about 5% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 40% to about 60%, or from about 35% to about 45%, by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The basic cleaner may be sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and/or any other alkali carbonates.
The amount of chelating agent in the tablet may range from about 0.01% to about 95% by weight, based on the weight of the tablet. The amount of chelating agent may be about 1%, about 1.5%, about 2.0%, about 2.5%, about 3.0%, about 3.5%, about 4.0%, about 4.5%, about 5.0%, about 5.5%, about 6.0%, about 6.5%, about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 8.5%, about 9.0%, about 9.5%, about 10.0%, about 2% to about 10.0%, about 3% to about 7%, or about 1% to about 10% by weight. The cleaning tablet may contain one or more chelating agents, such as MGDA (methylglycineadiacetic acid and salts), tri-sodium citrate, GLDA (L-glutamic acid, N, N-diacetic acid sodium salts), EDDS (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and salts), and IDS (iminodisuccinic acid and salts).
The amount of solvent (a binder) in the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may range from about 0 to about 50% such as about 1% to about 20%, less than about 5%, from about 0 to about 5%, from about 3 to about 7%, from about 4% to about 8%, by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The amount of solvent may be about 1%, about 1.5%, about 2.0%, about 2.5%, about 3.0%, about 3.5%, about 4.0%, about 4.5%, about 5.0%, about 5.5%, about 6.0%, about 6.5%, about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 8.5%, about 9.0%, about 9.5%, about 10.0%, about 2% to about 10.0%, about 3% to about 7%, about 1% to about 10%, or about 4% to about 8% by weight. The amount of binding agent in the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may range from about 1% to about 20% by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The amount of binding agent is suitable to form a tablet and may be about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 12%, about 15%, about 18%, about 20%, about 3% to about 7%, about 4% to about 8%, about 5% to about 10%, or about 10% to about 20%. The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may contain one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol (e.g., polyethylene glycol 8000), sorbitol, and dextrose.
The amount of oily soil remover (a surfactant) in the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may range from 0.01% to about 40% such as from about 1% to about 20%, from about 2% to about 15%, from about 8% to about 12%, from about 1% to about 15%, from about 3% to about 7%, from about 6% to about 20%, from about 16% to about 20%, or from about 10% to 14% by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The amount of oily soil remover may be about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 12%, about 15%, about 18%, about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 3% to about 7%, about 4% to about 8%, about 8% to about 12%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 20%. The oily soil remover (i.e. surfactant) can be natural or synthetic surfactants, such an anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterioinic, or cationic surfactants, such as anionic and non-ionic surfactants, further such as a surfactant selected from sodium coco sulfate, ethoxylated alcohols (such as ethoxylated alcohol C(10-12)-C(14-16) with 4-8 moles ethoxylation, for example Clariant Genapol LA 060 (ethoxylated alcohol C12-C16) w/6 moles ethoxylation, ethoxylated alcohols C8-C10 6-8 moles of EO, etc.), sodium lauryl sulfate, and alkyl polyglucosides (such as lauryl glucoside, caprylyl/myristyl glucoside, caprylyl/decyl Glucoside).
The amount of the preservative in the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may range from about 5% to about 40%, from 5% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 25%, or from about 10% to about 20%, by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The amount of the preservative may be about 5%, about 7%, about 9%, about 11%, about 13%, about 15%, about 17%, about 19%, about 21%, about 23%, about 25%, about 27%, about 29%, about 31%, about 33%, about 35%, about 37%, about 39%, or about 40%. The preservative may be sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, gluconolactone, and/or biocideal preservatives.
The amount of the preservative booster in the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may range from about 0.1% to about 15%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 5%, by weight, based on the weight of the formulation. The amount of the preservative booster may be about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, or about 10%. The preservative booster may be a sorbate such as potassium sorbate.
The amount of the lubricating agent in the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may range from about 0.1 to about 3.0% by weight based on the weight of the formulation. Exemplary lubricating agent can be selected from magnesium stearate, leucine, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium benzoate etc.
The amount of chelating agent may be about 1%, about 1.5%, about 2.0%, about 2.5%, about 3.0%, about 3.5%, about 4.0%, about 4.5%, about 5.0%, about 5.5%, about 6.0%, about 6.5%, about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 8.5%, about 9.0%, about 9.5%, about 10.0%, about 2% to about 10.0%, about 3% to about 7%, or about 1% to about 10% by weight. The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may contain one or more chelating agents, such as MGDA (methylglycineadiacetic acid and salts), tri-sodium citrate, GLDA (L-glutamic acid, N, N-diacetic acid sodium salts), EDDS (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and salts), and IDS (iminodisuccinic acid and salts).
The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may contain biologic cleaners, such as enzymes (e.g., protease, amylase, lipase, cellulose, pectinase, mannanase, and the like) and probiotics (e.g., lactobacillus, bifidobacterial, and the like). Biological cleaners may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 50% by weight, based on the weight of the tablet.
The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may contain one or more fragrances, such as natural fragrances (e.g., essential oils) and/or synthetic fragrances and perfumes in the form of oils, crystals, powders, granules, and encapsulations.
The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may contain one or more dyes or coloring agents, such as Food, Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) approved dyes and colorants.
In some embodiments, the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may include silica as a flow aid for the formation of free-flowing powder. Free-flowing powder is subsequently converted into tablets.
In some embodiments, the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation does not include silica. The precursor such as free-flowing powder can be formed by using solids, such as sodium carbonate and sodium benzoate, as the initial ingredients to absorb any potential liquids that can be used in the cleaner concentrate formulation.
The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may include an acidic cleaner, a pH control agent, a solvent, a preservative, and an optional chelating agent. The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may have a pH of about 2.5 to about 12.5, about 2.0 to about 5.5, about 5.0 to about 6.0, about 3.5 to about 4.5, about 4.0 to about 6.5, about 4.0 to about 5.0, about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 7.5 to about 11, about 7.5 to about 12.5, or about 9.5 to about 10.5, when dissolved in water.
In one embodiment, the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation includes citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, methylglycineadiacetic acid, polyethylene glycol, a preservative, and 2.2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxylane-4-methanol. In some embodiments, the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation includes citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, one or more ethoxylated alcohols, methylglycinediacetic acid, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide, and magnesium stearate. In some embodiments, the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation includes citric acid, sodium carbonate, one or more ethoxylated alcohols, methylglycineadiacetic acid, polyethylene glycol, a preservative, silicon dioxide, and magnesium stearate. The solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation may also include a coloring agent.
When the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation is in eh form of a tablet. The tablet can be in any size. For example, it may weigh from about 2.0 to about 9.0 g, such as from about 4.5 g to about 5.5 g, such as from about 6.5 g to about 7.1 g, from about 6.0 and about 7.5 grams, from about 7.9 g to about 8.5 g, about 2.5 g, about 3 g, about 4 g, about 5 g, about 6 g, about 7 g, or about 8 g.
The tablet can be dissolved into appropriate amount of water before use. For example, the ratio of tablet to water can be about 5 g, 6.8 g, or 8.2 g of tablet in 20-34 oz of water.
In each of the preceding embodiments, the solid stable, anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation can be substantially fatty acid free and/or substantially animal fat free.
The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations may be formatted as tablets, powders, or granules. The stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations may also be formatted in single-use sheets.
Methods for Preparing Stable Anhydrous Cleanser Tablets
The stable anhydrous cleanser tablets can be prepared using any suitable method. Stable anhydrous cleanser tablet can be prepared using direct compression or wet granulation process. For this application direct compression is most preferred. The term direct compression (or direct compaction) is used to define the process by which tablets are compressed directly from powdered substance and suitable excipients into a firm compact without employing the process of granulation. Powder is blended homogeneously using a blender (Ribbon Blender, V-blender, paddle blender, drum mixing). The powder blender is then charged into the hopper of tablet press. Desire weight, compression ton, and hardness of tablet are set as the tablets get compressed and come out of the tablet press.
To avoid effervescence from happening during storage, the cleanser formulation can be pressed to achieve a sufficient hardness and/or the formulation contains a desiccating agent such as hydrated silica or any other agent known to absorb moisture.
Format
The stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations in powder form can also be diluted in water in a powder to water ratio of greater than or equal to 1:1 (w/w) to form a paste before shipment. A method of using the paste comprises placing the paste on surface to be cleaned either directly or through a rag or sponge, leaving overnight soak, and rinsing the surface water.
The solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulations described herein may be designed to be rinsed off, wiped, off, or left off for maximum cleaning efficiency.
When the solid stable anhydrous cleanser concentrate formulation is in the form of a tablet, the tablets may range in size from about 200 mg to about 9000 mg or from about 200 mg to 5000 mg. The tablets may be about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, about 600 mg, about 700 mg, about 800 mg, about 900 mg, or about 1000 mg. In a preferred embodiment, the tablets are round, however other geometric shapes are contemplated.
Methods of Using Stable Anhydrous Cleanser Tablets
In one aspect, disclosed is a method of using any of the tablets described herein including the steps of (1) filling a spray bottle or vessel with volume of 16-34 oz with water, (2) adding the cleaning tablet to the water-filled spray bottle, and (3) dissolving the tablet in water by no stirring or shaking required. In some embodiments, one or more cleaning tablets may be added to the water-filled spray bottle. For example, two cleaning tablets may be added to the spray bottle simultaneously or in a row before ultimately using the liquid solution for cleaning purpose.
Each individual cleanser tablet, when exposed to water and stirred or shaken, will dissolve into a liquid cleansing solution. Upon experiencing dissolution of the cleanser tablet, the user may proceed with cleaning or washing as usual. Individual tablets may be packaged together in suitable bulk quantities.
The cleanser tablets may be stored in any suitable container, such as but not limited to plastic, glass, aluminum, ceramic, or acrylic container. The container may contain a desiccant. The container may be re-usable and refilled with new tablets as needed.
One set of non-limiting exemplary embodiments is disclosed below:
Another set of non-limiting exemplary embodiments is disclosed below:
Yet another set of non-limiting exemplary embodiments is disclosed below:
Yet Another set of non-limiting exemplary embodiments is disclosed below
Yet another set of non-limiting embodiments is disclosed below:
Materials used in the following Examples and their sources are listed below.
A glass cleaner tablet was produced, using the following ingredients:
Glass Cleaner: Tablet Weight (g)—5.0 g
To preserve 20 oz of tap water with the glass cleaning concentrate formulation disclosed herein, 1.50-2.00 grams of preservatives are needed. In order for the tablets to dissolve in reasonable time (−8-10 mins), about 45-55% Effervescent ingredients are needed. After all the other ingredients (Surfactant, Binder, Lubricant, etc) are combined, the lowest weight is landing around 4.5 grams. A 5.0 grams for Glass cleaner tablets are prepared to give little extra Effervescent ingredients to help reduce the dissolution time.
A glass cleaner tablet was produced, using the following ingredients:
A multi-surface low pH cleanser tablet was produced, using the following ingredients:
A high pH multi-surface cleanser tablet was produced, using the following ingredients:
Multi-Surface Tablet Size—6.5 g
A low pH multi-surface low pH cleanser tablet was produced, using the following ingredients
0-3.0
0-3.0
0-0.1
A low pH bathroom cleanser tablet was produced, using the following ingredients:
A high pH bathroom cleaner tablet was produced, using the following ingredients:
Bathroom Tablet Size—6.5 g
A low pH bathroom cleanser tablet was produced, using the following ingredients:
0-3.0
0-3.0
0-0.1
The cleaning performance of the cleanser formulation described herein are tested by following standard guidelines such as ASTM or CSPA method. The cleaning efficiency of the hand soap formulation described herein are satisfactory: they either outperform or perform comparably to standard formulations.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/808,021, filed Feb. 20, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/836,245, filed Apr. 19, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/929,572, filed Nov. 1, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/836,325, filed Apr. 19, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/929,588, filed Nov. 1, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/836,390, filed Apr. 19, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/929,598, filed Nov. 1, 2019, the entire contents which are incorporated herein for reference.
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| 20200263114 A1 | Aug 2020 | US |
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